• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.88-100
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to identify risk factors for unplanned reintubation after planned extubation and to analyze the clinical outcomes in patients admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery. Methods : The study examined patients who underwent intubation and planned extubation admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. The reintubation group comprised 58 patients underwent unplanned reintubation within 7 days of planned extubation. The maintenance group comprised 116 patients who did not undergo reintubation and were matched with the reintubation group using the rational for matching criteria. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records. We used the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, 𝑥²-test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 27.0. Results : The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that albumin (odds ratio [OR]=0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.20-0.72), surgery time (OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.20-1.97), PaO₂ before extubation (OR=0.85 per 10 mmHg, 95% CI=0.75-0.97), postoperative arrhythmia (OR=2.82, 95% CI=1.22-6.51), reoperation due to bleeding (OR=4.65, 95% CI=1.27-17.07), and postoperative acute renal failure (OR=2.97, 95% CI=1.09-8.04) were risk factors for unplanned reintubation. The reintubation group had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (𝑥²=33.74, p<.001), longer intensive care unit stay (Z=-7.81, p<.001), and longer hospital stay than the maintenance group (Z=-8.29, p<.001). Conclusion : These results identified risk factors and clinical outcomes of unplanned reintubation after planned extubation after cardiac surgery. These findings should be considered when developing and managing an intervention program to prevent and reduce the incidence of unplanned reintubation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2022

Purpose: This study examined the impact of a virtual reality intervention program based on psychological needs on behavioral and psychological symptoms, apathy, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment living in nursing facilities. Methods: This study is nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design of quasi-experimental study. The study collected data from November 18, 2020 to July 24, 2021 from patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) at three nursing facilities in G city using self-reporting and caregiver-informant reporting methods. The analysis employed the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, paired t-test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U, repeated measures ANOVA, GEE, using SPSS/WIN 27.0. Results: The severity of behavioral and psychological symptoms (Wald 𝛘² = 2.68, p = .102) and the care burden of caregivers (Wald 𝛘² = 1.72, p = .190) were not significant and was no significant time and group interaction effect (Wald 𝛘² = 0.63, p = .426, Wald 𝛘² = 0.52, p =. 471). The difference in apathy and QOL score were statistically significant for the group-time interaction (F = 43.65, p < .001; F = 4.35, p = .041). Conclusion: The virtual reality intervention program of this study shows a positive effect on the apathy reduction and QOL of patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment residing in nursing facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.246-257
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical health status and social support on depression and quality of life among the elderly in G City. This is a descriptive research study of 497 elderly residents in 45 senior citizen centers in G city; the data were collected from March 5 to 30, 2018. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS/win 24.0 program by t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. In physical health status, the chronic disease score was $1.35{\pm}0.91$, the functional status score was $1.80{\pm}4.45$, and the subjective health score was $3.14{\pm}1.13$. The average score for social support in the emotional network was $5.71{\pm}1.13$. In the sub-region of the social network, the score for frequency of contact with relatives was $2.92{\pm}1.31$, that for contact with friends was $3.18{\pm}0.98$, and that for social participation was $0.68{\pm}0.82$. In the multiple regression analysis of factors affecting depression and quality of life, the explanatory power of physical health status and quality of life was 45.5% and 21.1%, respectively. The explanatory power of depression based on social support and quality of life was 46.7% and 27.5%, respectively. This study indicates that physical health status and social support affect depression and quality of life. Therefore, programs should be developed to increase the physical health status and social support and thus improve the quality of life of the elderly in the community.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of clinical convergence self-directedness practice learning program on self-directedness and competency in fundamental nursing skills in undergraduate nursing students. The study design was a non-equivalent pre-post quasi-experimental design. The participants were 80 nursing students in D city. The experimental and control groups were randomly assigned with 40 participants in each group. Interventions for the experimental group were visiting clinical practice, video recording and students' self-debriefing of what they did over the 5 days. Self-directedness and competency in fundamental nursing skills were measured 2 times (pre-, and post-intervention) over the 5 days. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used for data analyses. There was statistically significant difference for self-directedness(t=12.93, p=.001) and competency in fundamental nursing skills(t=8.34, p=.021). Results indicate that self-debriefing method using video recording is an effective learning way to improve Self-directedness and competency in fundamental nursing skills in nursing students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.486-497
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• 2017

This study was conducted to: (a) explore correlations between aging knowledge, sexual perception and sexual attitude of aged people among adults, and (b) provide a database to develop an educational program to instill the right perception and sexual attitude of aged people in our society. The subjects were 340 adults aged 20-59 years living in K do, B and U city. The data were collected from June 9, 2015 to August 23, 2015 and analyzed based on the means, percentages, t-tests, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficient using IBM SPSS 21.0. The subjects' score of aging knowledge was 12.12, sexual perception of aged people was 2.99, sexual attitude of aged people was 4.04. There were significant correlations between aging knowledge and sexual perception of aged people (r=0.227, p<0.001), aging knowledge and sexual attitude of aged people (r=0.369, p<0.001), sexual perception of aged people and sexual attitude of aged people (r=0.299, p<0.001). Therefore, it is necessary to provide systematic education about aging knowledge and sex of aged people by to change the perception and attitude of the elderly in our society.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.423-431
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the influence of nursing image and nursing as a major, on the professionalism of male nursing students. Totally, 180 male nursing students having experience in clinical practice from B and U cities, were enrolled as subjects. Data were collected from 15th November to 15th December, 2016. Analysis by t-test, ANOVA & Scheff's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression revealed a mean score of nursing image at 3.95, major satisfaction score of 3.90, and nursing professionalism score of 3.79. The degree of professional awareness amongst the participants was statistically and significantly different, depending on their year of study and the person who had recommended nursing as a career option. Nursing professionalism was highly correlated with the nursing image, and moderately correlated with satisfaction of nursing as a major subject. Results also indicated that 60.6% results indicating nursing professionalism were most significantly influenced by two factors: the image of the nurse, followed by satisfaction of nursing as major. We conclude that to improve the nursing professionalism of male students requires education and strategy to improve their nursing image, and career education and guidance that focuses towards greater satisfaction for their selected major subject.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of Tai Chi self-help program and Tai Chi exercise in patients with osteoarthritis. Methods: quasi experimental design was utilized for the study to compare the effects after implementing tai chi self-help program and Tai Chi exercise for 6 weeks. The subjects of the study was osteoarthritis patients who visited to two Public Health Centers in Gyunggi-do from August to December, 2005. Total of 25 OA patients agreed to participate in the study, and 10 tai chi self-help program group and 9 Tai Chi exercise group were included for the final analysis after 6 weeks. Tai Chi self-help program was provided twice a week, 2 hours per session (one hour for tai chi exercise, one hour for self help program) for 6 weeks, and Tai Chi exercise group was provided once a week, 2 hours per session for 6 weeks. Outcome measures include flexibility, 6 m walking, and balance. Mann-Whitney U test of SPSS WIN 11.0 was utilized to compare the group differences. Results: The subjects of both program participants were not improved in their arm flexibility, and the difference was not significant. Tai chi self-help group improved more in their 6 m walking ability than Tai Chi exercise group, but the difference was not significant (F=.000, p>.05). Tai chi self-help group improved more in their balance than Tai Chi exercise group, but the difference was not significant (Rt: U=.24, p>.05; Lt: F=2.60, p>.05). Conclusion: The provision of both Tai Chi self-help program and Tai Chi exercise can lead improvement of 6 m walking, and balance, but the group difference was not significant. A rigorous research design should be further utilized to identify the potential benefits for this population.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the difficulties with end-of-life care (EOLC) experienced by intensive care unit (ICU) nurses and to investigate their educational needs for EOLC. Methods: Mixed methods were used to survey ICU nurses at a university hospital. Quantitative data (N=106) were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using an independent samples t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test. Qualitative data (N=19) were collected through focus group interviews and analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results: The mean score on the difficulty of EOLC was 3.41 out of 5. The education needs derived from the qualitative analysis was categorized into four themes: 1) guidelines on professional EOLC, 2) spiritual care, 3) a program to take care of feelings of patients, families and nurses, and 4) activities to think about death. Conclusion: This study confirmed that ICU nurses were experiencing an extreme difficulty in providing EOLC. In addition, a qualitative analysis confirmed that they needed an EOL nursing program. To mitigate the difficulties experienced by nurses involved in EOLC, there is an urgent need to develop an education program for EOLC tailored to nurses' needs.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.1
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• pp.161-191
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is how have the form and theory of the five element theory in the (黃帝內徑) by the investigation of the course of the course of the five element introduced the ancient oriental medicine from ancient oriental philosophy. The following results were obtained. 1. The five elements in (尙書) meaned the uses of water, fire, earth, wood, metal which were important in living. Because these had very important meaning in ancient political and economic society, emphasized to big law(洪範) 2. The five elements in (左傳) and (國語) mean the five uses too, and there are the phases of "five win metal"(火勝金) and "wather win fire"(水勝火), but these only meaned the physical interrelation. 3. In the five circulating factor theory made by Chu Yen(鄒衍) which have the attribute of the five elements, he more reasonably had argued human affairs like that a dynasty become different in step with the circulating five favors. There is the regular annual policy in the (呂氏春秋) which closely connected nature and human living, and attached the various colors, animals, visceras, flavors, sounds, the sexagenary cycle and so on to the five elements. 4. In the (春秋繁露) writed in fore-period of Han(漢) dynasty, the interactions of the five elements are concretely applicated to policy, Dong Jung Soe(童仲舒) had discrived the interactions of the five elements by Dong Lyu Sang Dong theory(同類相動說) and the misfortune theory(災異說), emphasized the sympathy of nature and human. Thought there is many content which are superstitious and contradictory, I concider which that affcted many effects in the formation of five element theory of oriental medicine. In the (淮南子) the order of matters were explained by the five element theory too, as the interrelations of the five elements were explained by the sexagenary ctcle, I assume that the bud of O-Un theory(五運理論). And there was not founded the fullscale intriduction of the five element theory in the Ma Wang Tye(馬王堆) excavated finds, the Mu Yyi medical writings formed the dynasty(武威漢代醫簡) and the documents about Pyun Jak(偏鵲) and Sun U Ie(淳于意). 5. The application of the five element theory in the (Whang Di Nei Qing) (黃帝內徑) is devided into the attachement to the five elements, the interelations of the five elments, and Un Gi theery(運氣論). In the attachment to the five elemeant theory, it made the attachment of the five viseras of (今文尙書) party a standard and attached the sections of a human body, the whole internal organs of sense, the five colors, the five flavors and the five sounds and so on to the five elements. It put to use by means of the apllivation of the interrelation of the five elements in the transferations of the diseases and the relative severeness of a disease in step with change of time and season. Un Gi theory(運氣論) which synthesized by the attachment to the five elements, the inter-relations of the five elements and the climate which observerd from ancient times systematically argued the effects of weather to human. 6. The application of the five elements theory in (黃帝內徑) have the significant what had get rid of irrational factors like that the emotion and action of human could to influense the weather, what had been formes more rational thingking by the obesrvation of human and nature. It is required more reserches about the possibility of the formation of the doctrinal faction bt the geographical effect of the Yon, Je(燕,薺) region, the application of the five element theory in other ancient medical books and the relationship of the five element theory and Yin Yang(陰陽)

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.457-465
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• 2011

The annual R&D investment in Korea increased by an average of 12.2percent during the last 5 years. Therefore, prevention of duplicate projects being performed became an important factor in promoting the efficiency of R&D investment and the originality of R&D projects. On measuring the similarity of projects, the measurement model used to estimate the accuracy of the similarity is crucial. In this paper, we propose an advanced measurement model on checking the similarity of R&D projects for promoting the efficiency of R&D investment. The proposed model is made up of the following steps for the model measurement, sampling and analyzing. During the sampling step, we append the abstract of R&D reports on the search engine based on document vector. We then measure the similarity on projects to use research title network which is consists of the compound keyword and the weight of items on during the analysis. The proposed method improved the accuracy for measuring the similarity of projects by an average of 0.19 over the existing search engine and by 9.25 over the simple keyword search on R&D projects. On searching the similarity with the appending conditions and high sampling, it improved the accuracy of measuring the similarity of R&D projects.