• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2018

The characteristics of enzyme and gene for mannanase B had been reported from Cellulosimicrobium sp. YB-43 producing some kind of mannanase. A gene coding for the enzyme, named mannanase C (ManC), was expected to be located downstream of the manB gene. The manC gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced completely. From this nucleotide sequence, ManC was identified to consist of 448 amino residues and contain a carbohydrate binding domain CBM2 besides a catalytic domain, which was homologous to mannanase belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase family 5. The catalytic domain of ManC showed the highest amino acid sequence similarity of 55% with the mannanases from Streptomyces sp. SirexAA-E (55.8%; 4FK9_A) and S. thermoluteus (57.6%; BAM62868). The His-tagged ManC (HtManC) lacking N-terminal signal peptide with hexahistidine at C-terminus was produced and purified from cell extract of recombinant Escherichia coli. The purified HtManC showed maximal activity at $65^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.5, with no significant change in its activity at pH range from 7.5 to 10. HtManC showed more active on konjac and locust bean gum (LBG) than guar gum and ivory nut mannan (ivory nut). Vmax and Km values of the HtManC for LBG were 68 U/mg and 0.45 mg/ml on the optimal condition, respectively. Mannobiose and mannotriose were observed on TLC as major products resulting from the HtManC hydrolysis of mannooligosacharides. In addition, mannobiose and mannose were commonly detected as the hydrolyzed products of LBG, konjac and ivory nut.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

Phytase from Escherichia coli WC7 was purified from cell extracts and its molecular mass was estimated to be 45 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Its optimum temperature and pH for phytate hydrolysis was 6$0^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 6$0^{\circ}C$ and over broad pH range (pH 2-12). The enzyme had higher affinity for sodium phytate than p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP). That is, the apparent Km value for sodium phytate and pNPP were $0.15\pm$0.02 mM and 2.82$\pm$0.05 mM, respectively. The gene encoding the phytase was cloned in E. coli XL1-Blue. Sequence analysis showed an open reading frame of 1241 Up encoding a signal peptide (22 aa) and a mature enzyme (410 aa). WC7 phytase was expressed up to 17.5 U/ml in the transformed E. coli XL1-Blue/pUEP, which was 23-fold higher than the activity from wild strain.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.989-998
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• 2016

Acidic endo-polygalacturonases are the major part of pectinase preparations and extensively applied in the clarification of fruits juice, vegetables extracts, and wines. However, most of the reported fungal endo-polygalacturonases are active and stable under narrow pH range and low temperatures. In this study, an acidic endo-polygalacturonase (EPG4) was purified and characterized from a mutant strain of Penicillium oxalicum. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of EPG4 (ATTCTFSGSNGAASASKSQT) was different from those of reported endo-polygalacturonases. EPG4 displayed optimal pH and temperature at 5.0 and 60-70℃ towards polygalacturonic acid (PGA), respectively, and was notably stable at pH 2.2-7.0. When tested against pectins, EPG4 showed enzyme activity over a broad acidic pH range (>15.0% activity at pH 2.2-6.0 towards citrus pectin; and >26.6% activity at pH 2.2-7.0 towards apple pectin). The K_m and V_max values were determined as 1.27 mg/ml and 5,504.6 U/mg, respectively. The enzyme hydrolyzed PGA in endo-manner, releasing oligo-galacturonates from PGA, as determined by TLC. Addition of EPG4 (3.6 U/ml) significantly reduced the viscosity (by 42.4%) and increased the light transmittance (by 29.5%) of the papaya pulp, and increased the recovery (by 24.4%) of the papaya extraction. All of these properties make the enzyme a potential application in the beverage industry.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.158-166
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• 2020

A gene coding for the xylanase was cloned from Paenibacillus woosongensis, followed by determination of its complete nucleotide sequence. This xylanase gene, designated as xyn10A, consists of 1,446 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 481 amino acid residues. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence, Xyn10A was identified to be a modular enzyme composed of a catalytic domain highly homologous to the glycosyl hydrolase family 10 xylanase and a putative carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) in the C-terminus. By using DEAE-sepharose and phenyl-sepharose column chromatography, Xyn10A was purified from the cellfree extract of recombinant Escherichia coli carrying a P. woosongensis xyn10A gene. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified Xyn10A was identified to exactly match the sequence immediately following the signal peptide predicted by the Signal5.0 server. The purified Xyn10A was a truncated protein of 33 kDa, suggesting the deletion of CBM in the C-terminus by intracellular hydrolysis. The purified enzyme had an optimum pH and temperature of 6.0 and 55-60℃, respectively, with the kinetic parameters V_max and K_m of 298.8 U/mg and 2.47 mg/ml, respectively, for oat spelt xylan. The enzyme was more active on arabinoxylan than on oat spelt xylan and birchood xylan with low activity for p-nitrophenyl-β-xylopyranoside. Xylanase activity was significantly inhibited by 5 mM Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺, and SDS, and was noticeably enhanced by K⁺, Ni²⁺, and Ca²⁺. The enzyme could hydrolyze xylooligosaccharides larger than xylobiose. The predominant products resulting from xylooligosaccharide hydrolysis were xylobiose and xylose.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.228-236
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• 2008

Purpose: The purposes of this study is to provide basic informations on oriental medical research and treatment through analysis of breast cancer patients, who visited M $\mu$ integrative cancer center, O O university East-West neo medical center. Methods: Electronic medical records of 106 breast cancer patients who visited oriental medical center from June 2, 2006 to February 28, 2008 were selected to collect clinical data of those patients. Clinical data were analyzed for types of clinical characteristics, and received therapies. For analysis of survival and recurrence, Kaplan-Meier method was used. All the data were processed and analyzed using SPSS version 13.0. Results: Average age of breast cancer patients, who visited oriental medical center was 48.72 ($\pm$10.13). The stage distribution record indicated stage I (5.8%), stage II (7.0%), stage III (5.8%), and stage IV (81.4%). Original purposes of patients were analyzed to be supplementary treatment for western therapy (68.9%), treatment for recurrence prevention (18.9%), and oriental medical treatment (12.2%) in order. While receiving oriental medical treatment, 60.4% of patients received conventional medical treatment simultaneously. Conclusion: Majority of patients who visited oriental medical hospital were stage IV at terminal stage and mainly visited for the purpose of supportive care. Further clinical study of breast cancer patients is needed to validate the effectiveness of oriental medical treatment based on this study.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.419-432
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a hospice intervention program and present basic study data using a method of Meta analysis. Fifteen theses from 2002 to 2017 were collected from the on-line database at Korean Education and Research Information Service and other journals related hospice. Main keywords were 'hospice' and intervention'. The selected 15 theses were analyzed with publication bias, outcome of effect size, non-overlap percentage(U3), 95% confidence intervals and homogeneity. The result of the study is summarized as follows; Publication bias was stable and the effect size of hospice program was significant at. 99. The effective and significant regulation effects were publication years with 2003 to 2007(ES=1.24), publication types with journals(ES=1.33), majors with nursing sciences(ES=1.02), ages with 29 to 30(ES=1.09), later session(ES=1.06) and aroma(ES=1.12). Accordingly, this thesis has its meaning in that it used a Meta-analysis to analyze domestic theses of hospice intervention programs for the first time in Korea. This thesis will prodide specific guidance to researchers trying to develop and utilize hospice intervention programs resulting in helpful usages in professional hospice institutions with implementations of programs.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the difficulties with end-of-life care (EOLC) experienced by intensive care unit (ICU) nurses and to investigate their educational needs for EOLC. Methods: Mixed methods were used to survey ICU nurses at a university hospital. Quantitative data (N=106) were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using an independent samples t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test. Qualitative data (N=19) were collected through focus group interviews and analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results: The mean score on the difficulty of EOLC was 3.41 out of 5. The education needs derived from the qualitative analysis was categorized into four themes: 1) guidelines on professional EOLC, 2) spiritual care, 3) a program to take care of feelings of patients, families and nurses, and 4) activities to think about death. Conclusion: This study confirmed that ICU nurses were experiencing an extreme difficulty in providing EOLC. In addition, a qualitative analysis confirmed that they needed an EOL nursing program. To mitigate the difficulties experienced by nurses involved in EOLC, there is an urgent need to develop an education program for EOLC tailored to nurses' needs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2023

A 12-year-old Standard Poodle presented with intermittent weakness and occasional dyspnea at the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital of Kangwon National University. A grade of 4 out of 6 systolic murmur with an irregular tachycardic rhythm was auscultated on both sides of the chest. Systolic blood pressure was 140 mmHg. Panting was noticed in the hospital, but there was no crackle sound. Blood analysis revealed mild increases in liver panel levels (alanine aminotransferase 149 [reference interval, 19-70] U/L; and alkaline phosphatase, 185 [reference interval, 15-127] U/L) and severe increases in cardiac biomarker levels (n-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, 4169 [reference interval, 50-900] pmol/L; and cardiac troponin I, 0.22 [reference interval, 0.03-0.12] ng/mL). On electrocardiography, irregularly irregular supraventricular tachycardic rhythm with an f-wave and no distinct p-wave was observed. Generalized cardiomegaly with an enlarged right atrium and left ventricle was confirmed on thoracic radiography. Moreover, hepatomegaly and an enlarged caudal vena cava were observed. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed a fibromuscular diaphragm in the right ventricle. Because of the obstructive lesion in the right ventricle, the right atrium and ventricle were enlarged (right atrial area index, 38.82 cm²/m² [reference interval, 4.2-10.2 cm²/m²]; right ventricle end-diastolic area index, 14.152 cm²/m² [reference interval, 4.9-10.92 cm²/m²]). Accordingly, the patient was diagnosed with double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV). Pimobendan, furosemide, enalapril, diltiazem, and S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) were prescribed, and all symptoms were relieved. DCRV is a right-sided congenital heart defect resembling pulmonic valve stenosis. If symptoms are not severe, medical therapy can be facilitated without surgery or the balloon dilation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

A functional screen of 60,672 fosmid metagenomic clones amplified from marine sediment obtained from the Dokdo islets in Korea identified the gene EstES1, whose product, EstES1, displayed lipolytic properties on tributyrin-supplemented media. EstES1 is a 576 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular weight of 59.4 kDa including 37 N-terminal leader amino acids. EstES1 exhibited the highest sequence similarity (44%) to a carboxylesterase found in Haliangium ochraceum DSM14365. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that EstES1 belongs to a currently uncharacterized family of lipases. Within the conserved domain, EstES1 retains the catalytic triad that consists of the consensus penta-peptide motif, GESAG. EstES1 demonstrated a broad substrate specificity toward the long acyl group of ethyl esters (C2-C12), and its optimal activity was recorded toward p-Nitrophenyl butyrate (C4) at pH 9.0 and $40^{\circ}C$ (specific activity of 255.4 U/mg). The enzyme remained stable in the ranges of $60-65^{\circ}C$ and pH 9.0-10.5 and in the presence of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Therefore, EstES1 has potential for use in industrial applications involving high temperature, organic solvents, and/or alkaline conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.473-482
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• 2004

The homobimetallic anion, $M^+({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_2Mn(CO)_5^-(M^+=Na^+,\;PPN^+)$was disrupted by CH2CHCH2Cl in THF at various temperatures ($20^{\circ}C~50^{\circ}C$) under the pseudo 1st order reaction conditions where excess of allyl chloride was employed under a nitrogen atmosphere. This homobimetallic anion seems to be involved in a concerted reaction mechanism in which a four-centered transition state is proposed. After undergoing the transition state, this reaction eventually leads to (MeCp)Mn$(CO)_3$ on addition of CO and $({\eta}^1-allyl)Mn(CO)_5$, respectively. However, in case of $Na^+$ analog, $Na^+$ may play a novel counter ion effect on the disruption reaction either by transferring one terminal CO from the $Mn(CO)_5$ moiety on to the $({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_2$of the corresponding homobimetallic complex, eventually resulting in $({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_3$ or through the interaction between $Na^+$ and the leaving group (Cl) of allyl chloride. This reaction is of overall second order with respect to homobimetallic complex with the activation parameters (${\Delta}H^{\neq}=17.15{\pm}0.17kcal/mol,\;{\Delta}S^{\neq}=-9.63{\pm}0.10$ e.u. for $Na^+$ analog; ${\Delta}H^{\neq}=22.13{\pm}0.21 kcal/mol,\;{\Delta}S^{\neq}=9.74{\pm}0.19$ e.u. for $PPN^+$ analog reaction).