• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.125-146
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• 2014

This review aims to provide a synthesis of the knowledge generated and the lessons learned in roughly 15 years of UMo dispersion fuel R&D in Europe through a series of irradiation experiments. A lot of irradiations were also performed outside of Europe, particularly in the USA, Russia, Canada, Korea and Argentina. In addition, a large number of out-of-pile investigations were done throughout the world, providing support to the understanding of the phenomena governing the UMo behaviour in pile. However, the focus of this article will be on the irradiations and Post-Irradiation Examination (PIE) results obtained in European experiments. The introduction of the article provides a historic overview of the evolution and progress in the high density UMo dispersion fuel development. The ensuing sections then provide further details on the various phases of the development, from the UMo dispersion in a pure Al matrix through the addition of Si to the matrix to address the interaction layer formation and finally to the more advanced solutions to the excessive swelling encountered in various experiments. This review was based only on published results or results that are currently in the process of being published.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2018

Many developing countries have attempted to depreciate their currencies in order to make their products cheaper, stimulate exports, shift aggregate demand to the right, and increase aggregate output. However, currency depreciation tends to increase import prices, raise domestic inflation, reduce capital inflows, and shift aggregate supply to the left. The net impact is unclear. The paper incorporates the monetary policy function in the model, which is determined by the inflation gap, the output gap, the real effective exchange rate, and the world real interest rate. Applying an extended IS-MP-AS model (Romer, 2000), the paper finds that real depreciation raised real GDP during 1997.Q1-2005.Q3 whereas real appreciation increased real GDP during 2005.Q4-2017.Q2. In addition, a higher government debt-to-GDP ratio, a lower U.S. real federal funds rate, a higher real stock price, a lower real oil price or a lower expected inflation rate would help increase real GDP. Hence, real depreciation or real appreciation may increase or reduce aggregate output, depending upon the level of economic development. Although expansionary fiscal policy is effective in stimulating the economy, caution needs to be exercised as there may be a debt threshold beyond which a further increase in the debt-to-GDO ratio would hurt economic growth.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2011

Recently, with the advances in sensor techniques and net work computing, Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) has been received a lot of attentions from various communities. The sensor nodes distributed in the sensor network tend to continuously generate a large amount of data, which is called stream data. Sensor stream data arrives in an online manner so that it is characterized as high-speed, real-time and unbounded and it requires fast data processing to get the up-to-date results. The data stream has many application domains such as traffic analysis, physical distribution, U-healthcare and so on. Therefore, there is an overwhelming need of a USN middleware for processing such online stream data to provide corresponding services to diverse applications. In this paper, we propose a novel USN middleware which can provide users both context-aware service and meaningful sequential patterns. Our proposed USN middleware is mainly focused on location based applications which use stream location data. We also show the implementation of our proposed USN middleware. By using the proposed USN middleware, we can save the developing cost of providing context aware services and stream sequential patterns mainly in location based applications.

• 태양에너지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2000

Radiant barrier systems(RES) constructed with low emissivity materials bounded by an open air space can be used to reduce the net radiation transfer between two surfaces. To analyze the heat transfer characteristics of the radiant barrier systems which consist of a single-glass and radiation barriers, a simple theoretical model based on energy balances was suggested. And the model was validated by means of the experimental results. Using a guarded hot box, the temperatures of layers in selected RES and energy use for each cases were measured. The results show that the model well explained the heat transfer characteristics of those RES. Also, the heat transfer coefficient correlations considering natural and forced convection heat transfer ware suggested. It is found that the heat transfer efficiency of a RBS with aluminium surface improved up to 66.6% over that of a single glazing system.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was designed to analyze recent trends in research about caregivers of hospitalized children in Korea and to suggest future research directions in this area. Methods: Eighty one studies selected from http://www.kan.or.kr, www.childnursing.or.kr, www.riss4u.net, and www.ndsl.kr published from 1995 to 2011 were used. The analysis framework of concepts was derived from client domain (Kim, 2000) and knowledge type (Kim et al., 2004). Results: In terms of research design, nonexperimental studies (82.7%) were the most frequent, followed by experimental studies (14.8%) and qualitative studies (2.5%). Mothers were the most frequent caregivers, and hospitalization was the most frequent health problem of the children. In terms of categories of the concepts, 35 (39.3%) studies included essentialistic concepts like coping and adaptation, 15 (16.9%) studies included problematic concepts like anxiety and uncertainty, and 39 (43.8%) studies included health-care experiential concepts like educational needs and nursing needs. In term of knowledge types, there were 35 (39.3%) studies of the explanatory knowledge type, 44 (49.5%) descriptive ones, and 10 (11.2%) prescriptive ones. Conclusion: The results indicate that further research is necessary on problematic concepts and prescriptive knowledge types for child health nursing practice which will lead to expanding nursing knowledge.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to analyze recent trends in pediatric oncology research in Korea and suggest future research directions in this area. Methods: Studies (105) selected from http://www.riss4u.net for last 15 yr were used. They were analyzed by publication type, field and design of the study, study participants, main theme, and outcome variables used in intervention studies. Results: 1. Of the 105 studies, 67 were master and doctoral dissertations and 49.5% of studies were conducted in nursing. 2. There were 73 (69.5%) quantitative studies and 20 (19.1%) qualitative research studies and the most frequently used study design was that of a descriptive study. 3. Children with cancer undergoing treatment and their parents, mostly mothers, were the participants most frequently studied. 4. Most themes were psychological/spiritual problems, coping, and family function. 5. Most frequently measured outcome variables were nausea/vomiting, fear/anxiety and adjustment. Conclusion: The results indicate that future research should include more well-designed intervention studies to develop new intervention protocols and to confirm the effect of previous study findings. It is also necessary to use an interdisciplinary approach to deal with physical and psychosocial needs of these children and their families including siblings and fathers of children with cancer.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2008

Pyroprocessing is the optimal means of treating spent metal fuels from metal fast fuel reactors and is proposed as a potential option for GNEP in order to meet the requirements of the next generation fuel cycle. Currently, efforts for research and development are being made not only in the U.S., but also in Asian countries. Electrorefining, cathode processing by distillation, injection casting for fuel fabrication, and waste treatment must be verified by the use of genuine materials, and the engineering scale model of each device must be developed for commercial deployment. Pyroprocessing can be effectively extended to treat oxide fuels by applying an electrochemical reduction, for which various kinds of oxides are examined. A typical morphology change was observed following the electrochemical reduction, while the product composition was estimated through the process flow diagram. The products include much stronger radiation emitter than pure typical LWR Pu or weapon-grade Pu. Nevertheless, institutional measures are unavoidable to ensure proliferation-proof plant operations. The safeguard concept of a pyroprocessing plant was compared with that of a PUREX plant. The pyroprocessing is better adapted for a collocation system positioned with some reactors and a single processing facility rather than for a centralized reprocessing unit with a large scale throughput.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2006

A recent report of the Korean Intellectual Property Office(KIPO) showed that the number of biological sequence-based patents is rapidly increasing in Korea. We present biological features of Korean patented sequences though bioinformatic analysis. The analysis is divided into two steps. The first is an annotation step in which the patented sequences were annotated with the Reference Sequence (RefSeq) database. The second is an association step in which the patented sequences were linked to genes, diseases, pathway, and biological functions. We used Entrez Gene, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Ontology (GO) databases. Through the association analysis, we found that nearly 2.6% of human genes were associated with Korean patenting, compared to 20% of human genes in the U.S. patent. The association between the biological functions and the patented sequences indicated that genes whose products act as hormones on defense responses in the extra-cellular environments were the most highly targeted for patenting. The analysis data are available at http://www.patome.net

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
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• pp.3204-3205
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• 1999

G3 팩스가 G1 팩스나 G2 팩스와 구별되는 점은 문서 이미지를 스캔하여 얻은 아날로그 신호(전압)를 디지털 신호로 바꿔주는 A/D 변환과 여기서 얻어진 디지털 신호를 전송을 위해 다시 아날로그 신호(주파수, 위상 진폭)로 바꿔주는 모듈레이션 과정이 중간에 신호를 압축하여 표현하는 코딩 단계가 있다는 것이다. 따라서 G1 팩스나 G2 팩스에 비해 s훨씬 적은 신호를 가지고 문서 이미지를 표현할 수 있으며, 결과적으로 전송속도가 빨라지는 것이 된다. 표준 A4용지는 수평 방향으로 1728개의 픽셀, 수직방향으로 1145라인의 픽셀로 구성된다. 따라서 층 1,978,560($1728{\times}1145$) 비트의 데이터가 A4용지 한 장에 포함될 수 있는 것이다. 팩스가 이런한 표준 A4용지를 스캔하게될 경우 수캔되는 매 라인에는 1728개의 검은색(글자 및 그림) 및 흰색 (여백)픽 셀들이 존재한다. G3 팩스는 서로 다른 Run Length에 비교적 짧은 특정 코드를 미리 할당해 놓고 실제 픽셀들 대신 이러한 코드들을 모듈레이션해서 전송한다. 따라서 전송속도는 단축된다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.608-615
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 초음파 모터의 위상차 구동원리에 관해서 명확히 하였고, 이를 이용하여 점·탄성 특성을 갖는 컴플라이언스 제어를 제시하였다. 제안된 컴플라이언스 제어는 인간의 근골격 시스템으로부터 유출하여 인간의 운동특성과 같이 매니퓰레이터의 관절 토크를 점성과 탄성계수의 조절에 의해 매니퓰레이터의 위치와 자세가 제어되도록 하였다. 초음파 모터의 위상차 구동원리에 대한 타당성을 모의실험을 통해 검증하였으며, 제시된 제어방법의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 초음파모터를 이용하여 2축 수평형 직접구동 매니퓰레이터를 제작하여 점성과 탄성 특성에 대한 실험을 하였다.