• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 1993

The effects of ginseng total saponins (GTS) on the action of U-50,488H, a $textsc{k}$-opioid receptor agonist, on the electrically induced twitch responses of mouse vats deferens were studied. U-50,488H ($10^9$~$10^{-5}$M) inhibited the twitch contractions in a dose-dependent manner, which were caused by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) released from the stimulated sympathetic nerve, and this effect was antagonized by naloxone ($10^6$ M). GTS, which itself induced the inhibition of the twitch contractions, acted additively to U-50,488H, GTS and U-50,488H had no effect on the tension of the unstimulated organs. The contractions elicited by ATP were not affected by U-50,488H, but inhibited by GTS. These results suggest that U-50,488H suppressed the twitch contractions by the inhibition of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic nerve terminals via action on opioid receptor, but G75, by inhibiting the action of the neurotransmitter on the smooth muscle.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 1993

These studies were performed to investigate the acting sites of ginseng total saponins (GTS) on the U-50, 488H-induced antinociception and the inhibitory effect of the development of tolerance to U-50, 488H-induced antinociception by GTS were studied. The U-50, 488H-induced antinociception was ntagonized in mice pretreated with GTS intraperitoneally, intracerebrally. These antagonisms were reversed by the pretratment iwth a serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytrypophan (5-HTP), but not with a noradrenaline precursor, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). However, the intraplantar sites. On the other hand, GTS inhibited the development of tolerance to U-50, 488H-induced antinociception was reversed by pretreatment with 5-HTP, but not with L-DOPA. Therefore, the antagonism of U-50, 488H-induced antinociception and the inhibition of the development of tolerance to U-50, 488H-induced antinociception and the inhibition of the development of tolerance to U-50, 488H-induced antinociception by GTS are dependent on serotonegic mechanisms.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.202-205
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• 1995

We have previously reported that the antagonism of U-50,488H-induced antinociception in mice pretreated with ginseng total saponins (GTS) Ivas abolished by pretreatment with a serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), but not by a noradrenaline precursor, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) in the tail flick test. In the present experiments, the effect of the same GTS on the development of tolerance to U-50,488H-induced antinociception was determined. GTS inhibited the development of tolerance to U-50,488H-induced antinociception. The inhibitory effect of GTS on the development of tolerance to U-50,488H-induced antinociception was reversed by 5-HTP, but not by L-DOPA. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of GTS on the development of tolerance to U-50,488H-induced antinociception is dependent on serotonergic mechanisms. Key words Ginseng total saponin, U-50,488H, tolerance, serotonin.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.476-479
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• 2009

Unison의 U50 풍력발전기는 실증실험을 거쳐서 상용화 되어 시장에 제품으로 나와 있다. U50에 사용되는 영구자석 동기발전기는 Stator 내경 3.32 m 로 84극을 가지고 있으며 정격 25 rpm으로 운전되는 직접구동형이다. 직접구동형 발전기는 Gearbox 가 불필요한 반면에 높은 torque로 인해서 발전기가 무거운 단점이 있다. 기존의 U50 에 사용되는 발전기는 지지 구조물까지 포함할 경우 총중량이 약 20톤 이상이다. 발전기의 중량을 줄이고 경량화 시키기 위하여 slot에 들어가는 Ampere turn을 증가시키고 turn 수를 증가시켜서 기존과 유사한 전압, 전류, 출력을 유지하면서 축방향 Stator 길이를 감소시킨 최적화 모델에 대한 설계에 대하셔 연구를 진행하였으며 이 보고에서는 그 결과와 절차에 대해서 요약한다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.345-348
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• 2007

국내 업체인 유니슨에서는 750kW Gearless형 풍력발전기, U50을 개발하였다. 개발된 풍력발전기는 대관령 풍력실증연구단지에 설치되었다. 풍력시스템의 전력품질 측정 및 평가는 계통에 대한 영향을 조사하는데 있어서 중요한 요소이다. 이 논문에서는 전력품질에 대한 국제기준인 IEC61400-21을 적용하여 U50풍력발전기의 전력품질에 대한 데이터 수집 및 수집된 데이터를 통해 U50풍력발전기가 계통에 미치는 전력품질의 영향을 검토하였다.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of home care nursing intervention with parenteral hydration and IV anti-emetic therapy on distress, nutritional status, anxiety, depression and QOL in gynecologic cancer patients who were undergoing combination chemotherapy. Methods: Quasi-experimental design was used to test the intervention. Changes of result variables were measured to evaluate effects of the intervention. variables consisted of serum lab results(auto analytic equipment for lab), symptom distress Scale(McCorkle & Young, 1978; Song et al., 2000), nutritional status(body weight, circumference of upper arm, serum protein, serum albumin, oral intake per day), anxiety(Spielberger, 1972; Kim & Shin, 1978), depression(Zung, 1965; Kim, 1995) and QOL(Padilla et al., 1983; Lee & Jo, 1996). Subjects were selected among gynecologic cancer patients(EG 15 patients and CG 15 patients) by convenient sampling. Data collection was done from June to Nov. in 2000. Data were analyzed by Chi-test and Mann-whitney U test using SPSS Win 10.0. Result: Hypothesis 1, the EG receiving this intervention equals to lab test(Hb & ANC, GOT & GPT, BUN & Cr) the CG, was supported(u=69.50 p=.074; u=94.50, p= .455; u= 89.50, p= .339; u=106.50, p= .803; u=75.00, p= .119; u=97.50, p= .523). Hypothesis 2, the EG has less symptom distress than the CG, was also supported(u=43.50, p= .004). Hypothesis 3, the EG has higher nutritional status than the CG, was partially supported on daily oral intake (u=59.00, p= .025). Hypothesis 4, the EG has less anxiety than the CG, was rejected(u=86.50, p= .280). Hypothesis 5, the EG has less depression than the CG, was rejected(u=203.50, p= .228). and the last hypothesis 6, the EG has higher QOL than the CG was supported (u=51.50, p= .011). Conclusion: Home care nursing intervention undergone in this study was found to be effective to reduce patients' symptom distress and to improve their oral intake and QOL.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.650-655
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• 2014

Hypercholesterolemia is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood, and it is regarded as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to the effects of cholesterol. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of unripe Rubus coreanus Miquel (uRC) extract on lipid metabolism in hypercholesterolemic mice fed a high cholesterol diet (HC). uRC 50 (unripe R. coreanus 5% ethanol extract 50 mg/kg/day), uRC 100 (unripe R. coreanus 5% ethanol extract 100 mg/kg/day), uRC 300 (unripe R. coreanus 5% ethanol extract 300 mg/kg/day), and BO (borage seed oil containing minimum of 20% ${\gamma}$-linolenic acid 30 mg/kg/day) were orally administered for 60 days after HC. Oral administration of uRC 50, uRC 100, uRC 300, and BO significantly reduced serum total-cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factor levels. Similarly, uRC treatment elevated serum HDL-cholesterol levels. These results suggest that unripe R. coreanus extract could be established as a functional food for the improvement of lipid metabolism.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.1513-1521
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• 2013

In this paper we will study cyclic codes over some special rings: $\mathbb{F}_q[u]/(u^i)$, $\mathbb{F}_q[u_1,{\ldots},u_i]/(u^2_1,u^2_2,{\ldots},u^2_i,u_1u_2-u_2u_1,{\ldots},u_ku_j-u_ju_k,{\ldots})$, and $\mathbb{F}_q[u,v]/(u^i,v^j,uv-vu)$, where $\mathbb{F}_q$ is a field with $q$ elements $q=p^r$ for some prime number $p$ and $r{\in}\mathbb{N}-\{0\}$.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2004

The objective of this study was performed to establish the in vitro culture system of porcine in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization(IVM/IVF) embryo. These studies was to determine the effects of melatonin, nitric oxide donor(SNP), and the combination effects of SNP and melatonin in porcine IVM/IVF embryos. In routine porcine IVM/IVF procedure, oocytes were cultured for 40∼44h incubation, and the zygotes were cultured for 40∼44h in NCSU 23 medium. Then 2 to 8 cell embryos were removed cumulus cell and were allotted randomly to NCSU 23 containing different concentration of melatonin, SNP and SNP plus melatonin in 5% $O_2$, 5% $CO_2$ and 90% $N_2$ at 38.5$^{\circ}C$. Cell numbers of blastocyst were also counted using double fluorescence stain method. In NCSU 23 medium treated with melatonin 0, 1, 5 and 10 nM, the developmental rate of morula plus blastocysts were 33.3%, 39.1%, 33.3% and 27.9%, respectivly. This result show that the developmental rate of morula and blascytocys treated with 1 nM melatonin was higher than in any other groups(P<0.05). The developmental rates of morula plus blastocysts were 41.9% in 0 uM SNP, 25.6% in 50 uM and 28.4% in 100 uM, respectively. The developmental rate of morula plus blastocysts were decreased treated with SNP in NCSU 23. In combined effects of SNP plus melatonin (0, SNP 50 uM, SNP 50 uM plus melatonin 1 nM, SNP 50 uM plus melatonin 5 nM and SNP 50 uM plus melatonin 10 nM), the developmental rates beyond morula stage of porcine embryos were 31.3%, 34.1%, 39.5%, 29.4% and 39.5%, respectively. The addition of SNP 50 uM plus maltonin 1 nM, developmental rates of blastocyst was higher rate than in any other groups. Cell numbers of blastocyst in NCSU 23 treated with melatonin 0, 1, 5 and 10 nM were 41.0, 42.6, 39.6 and 33.0, respectively. In combined effects of SNP plus melatonin (0, SNP 50 uM, SNP 50 uM plus melatonin 1 nM , SNP 50 uM plus melatonin 5 nM and SNP 50 uM plus melatonin 10 nM), cell numbers of developed blastocyst were 36.3, 34.6, 39.0, 39.9 and 39.0, respectively. These result show that the cell numbers of blastocyst treated with 0, 1 and 5 nM melatonin were higher than in 10 nM group(P<0.05), but cell numbers of blatocyst produced by SNP plus melatonin were not significantly difference in all experimental groups.