• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.335-339
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• 1999

The oxidation-reduction potentials of cosmetic raw materials, showing tyrosinase inhibitory action, and phenolic compounds structurally similar to L-tyrosine were determined by cylcic voltammetry. The voltammograms obtained could be classified ito 4 patterns (patterns 1-4). Patterns 1, characterized by oxidation and reduction peaks as a pair, was observed with catechol, hydroquinone or phenol, and pattern 2 exhibiting another oxidation peak in addition to oxidation and reduction peaks as a pair was found with arbutin, kojic acid, resorcinol, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and L-tyrosine as the substrate of tyrosinase. Pattern 3 with an independent oxidation peak only was expressed by L-ascorbic acid, and pattern 4 with a reduction peak only at high potentials, by hinokitiol. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of these compounds was also evaluated using the 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) and the inhibition constant (Ki) as parameters. Hinokitiol, classified as patterns 4, showed the highest inhibitory activity (lowest $IC_{50}$ and Ki). Hydroquinone showing the second highest activity belonged to pattern 1, which also included compounds exhibiting pattern 2 was relatively low with Ki values being in the order of 10-4 M. Although there was no consistent relationship between oxidation-reduction potentials and tyrosinase inhibitory action, the voltammetry data can be used as an additional index to establish the relationship between the structure and the tyrosine inhibitory activity.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.59-75
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the inhibitory effect of Polygonum multiflorum(PM) on melanin synthesis in B16F10. Methods: The Inhibitory effects of Polygonum multiflorum(PM) on melanin synthesis were determined by in-vitro assay. To elucidate inhibitory effects of Polygonum multiflorum on melanin synthesis, we determined the melanin release and melanin production in B16F10. And to investigate the action mechanism, we assessed the gene expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, MMP-2, PKA, PKC, ERK-1 ERK-2, AKT-1, MITF in B16F10. Results: 1. PM inhibited melanin-release, melanin production in B16F10. 2. PM inhibited tyrosinase activity in vitro and in B16F10. 3. PM suppressed the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 in B16F10. 4. PM suppressed the expression of PKA in B16F10. 5. PM suppressed the expression of ERK-1, ERK-2, AKT-1 in B16F10. 6. PM suppressed the expression of MITF in B16F10. Conclusion: From these results, it may be concluded that PM possesses the antimelanogenetic effects.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.43-59
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the inhibitory effect of Persimmon Leaves extract (PL) on melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells B16F10. Methods: The inhibitory effects of PL on melanin synthesis were determined by in vitro assay. To elucidate inhibitory effects of PL on melanin synthesis, we determined the melanin release and melanin production in B16F10. And to investigate the action mechanism, we assessed the gene expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, PKA, PKC${\beta}$, ERK-1, ERK-2, AKT-1, MITF in B16F10. Results: 1. PL inhibited melanin release, melanin production in B16F10. 2. PL inhibited tyrosinase activity in vitro and in B16F10. 3. PL suppressed the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 in B16F10. 4. PL suppressed the expression of PKA, PKC${\beta}$ in B16F10. 5. PL increased the expression of ERK-1, ERK-2, AKT-1 in B16F10. 6. PL suppressed the expression of MITF in B16F10. Conclusion: From these results, it may be concluded that PL is possesed of the antimelanogenetic effects.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1012-1018
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to investigate the pharmacological effects of preparations containing beta-carotene, $Beautycarotene^{TM}$. $Beautycarotene^{TM}$ increased the collagen synthesis in CCD-986sk cells, DPPH radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro system. In addition, it enhanced the viability of murine thymocytes and the population of splenic $CD4^+$ cells. Also, it increased the phagocytic activity of murine peritoneal macrophages. These results indicate that $Beautycarotene^{TM}$ can have a protective effect of skin via the diverse action, such as the stimulatory action of collagen synthesis, antioxidative action, tyrosinase inhibitory action and immune regulatory action.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1997

To identify inhibitors of melanogenesis, we compared the effects of 5 compounds on mushroom tyrosinase, human melanocytic tyrosinase activity and melanin content. The cytotoxicyty of the components were also tested on cultured human melanoctes. Kojic acid showed marked inhibitory effect both on mushroom and human tyrosinase activity. This action of kijic acid is stronger than that of ascorbic acid. Arbutin inhibited human tyrosinase activity of cultured melanocytes although it had slightly inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity. Azelaic acid had no effect on human tyrosinase activity. Melanin production was inhibited significantly by kojic acid and tranexamic acid. MTT assay showed that all of the compounds were non-cytotoxic to melanocytes at the concentrations tested. These results suggest that the effect of kojic acid on cultured meanocytes involve inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis without affection the cell number.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.83-98
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the inhibitory effect of Soyosangagamhwajae(SYG) on melanin synthesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cell. Methods: The Inhibitory effects of Soyosangagamhwajae(SYG) on melanin synthesis were determined by in-vitro assay. To elucidate inhibitory effects of SYG on melanin synthesis, we determined the melanin release in B16F10 cell. And to investigate the action mechanism, we assessed the gene expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2. PKA, $PKC{\beta}$ in B16F10 cell. Results: 1. SYG significantly inhibited melanin-release in B16F10 cell. 2. SYG significantly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro. 3. SYG significantly suppressed the expression of tyrosinase in B16F10 cell. 4. SYG significantly suppressed the expression of TRP-1, TRP-2 in B16F10 cell. 5. SYG significantly suppressed the expression of PKA, $PKC{\beta}$ in B16F10 cell. Conclusion: From these results, it may be concluded that SYG has the antimelanogenetic effect.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the effects of acteoside and isoacteoside isolated from Clerodendron trichotomum Thunberg on melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, acteoside and isoacteoside had a potent anti-oxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Both acteoside and isoacteoside dose-dependently inhibited silica-induced ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation in B16 melanoma cells. They significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin production in MSH-stimulated B16 melanoma cells. The inhibitory effect of acteoside was more potent than that of isoacteosidee. In Western blot of tyrosinase, acteoside inhibited MSH-induced tyrosinase expression in B16 melanoma cells, which is related to the inhibitory action of acteoside on tyrosinase activity and melanin production. These results show that acteoside and isoacteoside from Clerodendron trichotomum Thunberg has a potent antioxidant activity and whitening activity. The underlying mechanism of acteoside on whitening activity may be due to the inhibition of tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase expression.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2015

Objective : This study investigated the inhibitory mechanism of the hypopigmentating effects on ethanol extract of Rosae rugosae Flos (ERR) that has not yet been examined. Methods : We analyzed the anti-melanogenic effects of ethanol extracts from Rosae rugosae Flos by tyrosinase activity, melanin contents. We also examined protein expression levels of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, MITF and ERK by western blot analysis in melanoma cells. Results : In this investigation, ERR effectively reduced ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated melanin synthesis by suppressing expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). On the other hand, the expression of tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) were not affected by treatment with ERR. ERR inhibited the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) as a key transcription factor for tyrosinase expression regulating melanogenesis. The upstream signaling pathway including cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and MAPKs were also inhibited by ERR. Pretreatment with PD98059, ERK inhibitor, attenuated the inhibitory effect of ERR on ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced tyrosinase activity. Conclusions : Our study suggested that the anti-melanogenic activity of ERR is correlated with the suppression of tyrosinase gene through CREB/MITF/ERK pathway.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.16-18
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• 2001

The inhibitory effect of onion extract on mushroon tyrosinase activity was investigated. The enzyme activity was inhibited by 96.3% with th addition of onion extract. The inhibitor action of onion extract toward mushroom tyrosinase activity slightly increased after heat treatment at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 mn (97.5%) and decreased after incubation of the extract at pH 2.3 for 3hrs (79.9%). However, the inhibitor action of the extract after dialysis decreased to18.8%. The onion extract showed drastic inhibition of the browning in mushroom.

• 생약학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2021

This study was performed to elucidate the inhibitory effects of Alveopora japonica extract on melanin synthesis by measuring the levels of cell viability, mRNA expression, tyrosinase activity, and melanin production in the B16F10 cell line. The effects of A. japonica extract on tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), TYRP2, tyrosinase (TYR), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) mRNA expression levels and melanin content were determined. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR show that A. japonica extract decrease the mRNA expression levels of TYRP1, TYRP2, TYR, and MITF in B16F10 cell line, resulting in lower levels of melanin production compared to α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells. Tyrosinase activity assays reveal that A. japonica extract decrease melanin production in B16F10 cells. These results demonstrate the whitening effects of A. japonica extract on B16F10 cells; thus, A. japonica extract is a potent ingredient for skin whitening. Further research is needed on the mechanism of action of A. japonica extract. Such research will benefit not only cosmetics, but also the health food and medical industries.