• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2008

We investigated the biological activities of ethanol extract from the seawater algae, Chlorella elliposidea C020 such as antibacterial activity, anti-oxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. Extract was obtained from various solvent, methanol, ethanol, acetone and ethanol + acetone (1:1, v/v%), 95% ethanol proved to be best extraction solvents. The contents of ethanol extract were higher in freeze-dried sample than that in frozen-thawing. Antibacterial activities of ethanol extract showed strong inhibitory effect against Bacillus subtilis PM125, Bacillus licheniformis and fish pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio parahaemolyticus KCTC2471 and Edward tarda NUF251. However, this extract didn't worked against antifungal activity against Candida albicans KCTC1940. And, ethanol extract was without hemolytic activity against human erythorocytes. The ethanol extract showed 75% of free radical scavanging effect on 2.0 mg/mL using DPPH method. In tyrosinase inhibition assay of ethanol extract, $IC_{50}$ (Inhibition Concentration) was measured as 10.87 mg/mL. Conclusionally, ethanol extract of Chlorella elliposidea C020 has good candidate for bioactive materials.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.526-532
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• 2013

In this study, we investigated the effect of 88 marine algae extracts on melanin synthesis to develop new whitening agents. Among varieties of marine algae tested, the ethyl acetate extracts from Endarachne binghamiae (EB), Scytosiphon lomentaria, Sargassum yezoense, Ecklonia cava and Sargassum fusiforme inhibited melanin synthesis in melan-a cells. EB treatment showed the strongest inhibitory activity in melanin synthesis, compared with that of other extracts. EB-mediated inhibition of melanin synthesis appeared to be associated with inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase-dependent glycosylation of tyrosinase in melan-a cells. In addition, EB treatment did not affect mushroom tyrosinase or cell-extracted tyrosinase activity in vitro. Taken together, our findings suggest that anti-browning effect of EB on skin is mediated through regulation of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity and subsequent inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis, and further development of EB as a potential agent for skin whitening.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.65-72
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• 1998

In this study, we demonstrated the whitening effect of Lagenaria leucantha through the melanin biosynthesis of S bikiniensis and inhibition of melanogenesis in cultured Bl6 melanocytes. And we confirmed the whitening effect of Lagenaria leucantha through the depigmentation of gold fish in vivo. The melanogenesis of B$_{16}$ melanocytes was founded to be activated dose and time dependently by the treatment of u- MSH. When the B$_{16}$ melanocytes was treated with 200nM of $\alpha$-MSH, the morphology of melanocytes was remarkably changed. The melanin content and the synthesis of tyrosinase were strikingly increased. Lagenaria ieucantha inhibited the melanin formation stimulated by $\alpha$-MSH without affection of cell viability. However, Lagenaria leucantha didn't inhibit tyrosinase activity and showed weak suppression on the synthesis of tyrosinase. These results suggest Lagenaria leucantha might inhibit melanin formation with tyrosinase independent manner. Lagenaria ieucantha also inhibition melanin biosynthesis with 18mm inhibition zone in S.bikiniensis. To evaluate the inhibitory activity of melanogenesis of Lagenaria leucantha in vivo, we examined its effect on depigmentation of gold fish. Lagenaria ieucantha remarkably reduced the size and density of melanophores in gold fish. These results suggest that Lagenaria ieucantha can be used as a whitening agent in cosmetics.ics.s.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.294.2-295
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• 2003

Gentisic acid, a skin-whitening agent, is known to possess tyrosinase inhibition activity. In order to develop an effective skin-whitening agent, hydroquinone derivatives in which the carboxylic acid moiety of gentisic acid was replaced with various functional groups, were selected and evaluated for their ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity as well as to inhibit melanin release. (omitted)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.377-385
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of water and 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% ethanol extracts from Artemisia Argyi H. and fermented Artemisia Argyi H. The yield was the highest in the 30% ethanol extract with Argyi H. at 29.74%. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were the highest in 70% ethanol extract with Argyi H. at 72.25 mg/g and 33.34 mg/g, respectively. The antioxidant activities of all extracts were significantly increased in a dose dependent manner. The 70% ethanol extract from Argyi H. show the highest level of DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity and bleaching inhibition activity in ${\beta}$-carotene linoleic acid system. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was also higher in the 70% ethanol extract, and the lowest in the 100% ethanol extract with Argyi H. at 50.01% and 11.44% at $500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration, respectively. At $250{\mu}g/ml$ concentration, the xanthin oxidase inhibition activity of water extract was more than 60%, and it was higher than the extracts. These results suggest that the 70% ethanol extract of Artemisia Argyi H. has a high rate of biological activities and can be useful to develop functional food ingredients.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2019

In this study, the inhibitory effects of crude polysaccharide fractions separated from Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo (PCP) on melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity were observed. B16F10 melanoma cells were treated with 125 and $250{\mu}g/mL$ of PCP for 24 hours. Using these optimal concentrations, inhibition of melanin synthesis inhibition was measured, and PCP treatment significantly reduced melanin synthesis induced by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). In addition, western blotting analysis on B16F10 melanoma cells showed that PCP inhibited tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcriptipn factor, tyrosinase related protein-1, and tyrosinase related protein-2 expression. Therefore, these results indicate that PCP may have potential inhibitory activity against melanin synthesis and may be a natural ingredient useful for the development of whitening materials in cosmetics and functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.174-178
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• 2008

Melanin is a polymer of phenol which produces hyperpigmentation in the skin. Melanin synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosinase. To investigate the whitening activity of the fractions from the ethanol extract of Enteromorpha linza, we studied the inhibitory effect on the tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in the B16/F1 melanoma cells. The inhibition ratio of tyrosinase activity of ethylacetate fraction from E. linza was as strong as that of kojic acid, a positive control. Also, the melanin production was significantly inhibited by the ethylacetate fraction in a dose dependent manner. The ethylacetate fraction showed the highest activity in the fractions and as strong activity as that of arbutin, a positive control. From these results, we suggest that the E. linza extract might be able to apply to cosmetic and medical fields.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.100-111
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to research the antibiotic, antioxidant and whitening effects of Jwa Kum-Whan(JKW) and Soo Ryeon-Whan(SRW). Both Jwa Kum-Whan and Soo Ryeon-Whan are composed of Coptidis rhizoma and Evodiae fructus, but the ratios of the two species are different. JKW is composed of Coptidis rhizoma and Evodiae fructus by ratio of 6:1 and SRW's ratio is 1:1. Methods : Antibiotic activities of JKW and SRW's water extracts were studied by paper disc diffusion method. Four kinds of bacteria were applied in paper disc, and each extract was dropped, individually. The diameter of inhibition zone was measured. DPPH assay was used for studying free radical scavenging activity. DPPH is quantitatively decolorized from purple color by antioxidant material. Change of color was measured by spectrophotometer. Whitening activity was analyzed by tyrosinase inhibition assay. Tyrosinase is major enzyme for control process of making eumelanin. Optical Density was measured by spectrophotometer. Results : Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus's inhibition zone were made large available by Both prescriptions. Inhibition zone's diameter of JKW was preferable to SRW's. Radical scavenging activity was better at SRW, but JKW's activity was available, too. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was found out available only for JKW, not for SRW. Conclusions : JKW had antibiotic effects for Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus. And had antioxidant, whitening effects. SRW had antibiotic, antioxidant activities but not whitening effect.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.285-290
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• 1997

Previously, a 50% aqueous methanol extract of Galla rhois was shown to be the most potent tyrosinase inhibition activity with an {TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}(the concentration causing 50% inhibition of tyrosinase activity) of 0.2mg/ml of 205 crude drug extracts. To isolate tyrosinase inhibitors, the methanol extract was evaporated to a small volume in vacuo, and then partitioned stepwise with benzene and ethyl acetate(EtOAc). the EtOAc fraction was solubilized in 10% MeOH solution, and then fractionated successively by Diaion HP-20 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Three phenolic compounds were isolated, and characterized as gallic acid(GA), methyl gallate(MG) and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-$\beta$-D-glucose(PGG) by UV, IR, {TEX}${1}^H${/TEX}-&{TEX}${13}^C${/TEX}-NMR, and FAB-MS spectroscopy, PGG({TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}=50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) showed a considerable inhibitory effect against mushroom tyrosinase, while GA({TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}=1.6mg/ml) and MG({TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX}=234$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) did not show an appreciable effect. Meanwhile, MG inhibited greatly melanogenesis in a murine melanocyte cell line, Mel-Ab. MG and PGG showed typical noncompetitive inhibition patterns against mushroom tyrosinase. These results suggest that PGG and MG may be potentially useful as either anti-browning or anti-melanogenic agents in foods and cosmetics.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-7
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate tyrosinase inhibitory activity of plant for extracts for cosmetic use. When 80 plant extracts were tested, the methanol extracts of Allium thunbergi, Asparagus oligoclonos, Ixeris dentate, Salvia plebeia, Sophora flavescens and Sophora japonica showed more than 30% inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Although less active than the reference compound, kojic acid ($IC_{50}$=7.0-16.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), these plant extracts may be used as tyrosinase inhibitors in cosmetics.