• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1998

In this research, the removal or uptake of heavy metals such as coppers by using oxalic acid metabolism of wood rot fungi, Tyromyces palustris were endeavored. As results, the addition of oxalic acid to copper containing culture did not cause the mycelium growth, but Tyromyces palustris was able to grow in this culture without inhibition. Tyromyces palustris grew with the cicular halo type in copper containing culture, and this type was formed as collectives after examining by microscope, and considered as copper oxalates by analyzing FT-IR comparison experiment with standards. According to this result, Tyromyces palustris has secreted oxalic acid during incubation, this secreted oxalic acid was combined with coppers, and formed copper oxalates by chelating reactions. In other words, the oxalic acid was might be as non-toxifying agent of coppers in medium. By using this copper removal mechanisms, Tyromyces palustris immobilized sawdust was used in bench scale air lift system for removing coppers. The added coppers were almost removed from the system within 72hrs. Therefore, this nonenzymatic wood degradation mechanism may give a possibility for removing coppers from copper containing waste water.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.54-59
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the role of oxalic acid metabolism in the incipient decay of brown rotting, and to investigate the effects of various compositions of culture medium. Until 5days incubation, the amount of oxalic acid produced by Tyromyces palustris was increased, while pH was gradually decreased. The difference in oxalic acid production depending on carbon sources was not significant and the pH adjustment of media did not stimulate the production of oxalic acid. In this experiment, hemicellulose was hydrolyzed with 1% oxalic acid, so it is suggested that nonenzymatic acid hydrolysis of hemicelluloses might be involved in the process of incipient decay of brown-rot fungi.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 1996

Brown rot fungus, Tyromyces palustris, has been reported to cause the loss of strength accelerated by oxalate, a non-enzymatic low molecular weight acid, with minute weight loss of decaying wood in early stage. The production of oxalate in relation to wood decaying and the presence of oxaloacetase. an oxalate producing enzyme, were identified during the process. Tyromyces palustris produced the largest amount of oxalate among brown rot fungi. In order to find out the cleavage of pulp fiber, we submerged pulp fiber in oxalate solution and the results showed that the number of short pulp fiber was highly increased, compared with control solution. The pH of decaying wood was decreased to 1.77 which was close to that of saturated oxalate solution, pH 1.2, Thus, the oxalate was thought to be accumulated in the decaying wood, The oxaloacetase which accelerates production of oxalate was derived from fungus, and the production of oxalate by the enzyme was determined by using on UV/Vis spectrophotometer. Therefore, the oxalate was found to be produced by oxaloacetase during decay. The oxalate may cause the acid-hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose. The oxalate was thought to reduce the degree of polymerization and increase the enzyme activity, which resulted in rapid loss of strength in early stage-an identical feature of brown rot fungus.

• 임산에너지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2000

본 실험에서는 3종의 한국산 겨우살이 메탄올 추출물을 유기용매 분획과 컬럼크로마토그래피를 이용한 분획을 실시한 후, Tyromyces palustris, Endothia nischkei 그리고 Trichophyton rubrum에 대한 항균활성을 평가하여 겨우살이 추출물의 항균활성 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 그 결과 모든 겨우살이 추출물은 갈색 불후균에 대한 활성은 매우 낮게 나타났다. 그러나 Viscum albumvar. coloratum 추출물중 부탄올 분획은 황색줄기 마름 병원균의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 겨우살이의 EtOAC 분획은 족부백선균에 대하여 높은 포자 발아 억제효과를 나타내었다. 시험된 3종의 한국산 경우살이류 중 V. album var. Coloratum은 병원균에 대하여 황균활성 성분을 함유할 가능성이 가장 높을 것으로 제시되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to elucidate the microscopic patterns of decay caused by brown-rot fungi of Tyromyces palustri and Gloeophyllum trabeum in Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata) woods through light and electron microscopies. The ultrastructural changes of cell walls attacked by the two brown-rot fungi were compared in this respect. Macroscopically, radiata pine showed more ring and radial checks than Korean red pine. Microscopically, with the progress of decay, spiral checks associated with cross-field pits and bore holes in the cell wall were more remarkably numerous in the radiata pine than in the Korean red pine. In the radiata pine, G. trabeum produced more spiral checks in the cell wall than T. palustris. In the advanced stages of decay by G. trabeum, the erosions of ray cell walls were identified both in the Korean red pine and radiata pine but $S_3$ layers of tracheid walls were eroded only in the Korean red pine.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2002

갈색부후균 Tyromyces palustris를 이용하여 CCA, CCFZ처리 목재에서 구리를 제거하였다. 균에 의한 구리의 제거효율을 높이기 위한 전처리 방법으로서 증기압처리와 수산처리를 검토하였으며, 적정 배양 방법을 찾기 위하여 진탕배양, 고체배양, 정치배양에서 구리 제거율을 비교하였다. 전처리 방법에서, 증기압 처리만으로는 효과적인 구리제거가 불가능하였으며, 수산처리는 구리제거율은 낮았으나 수산처리 후 균처리를 하면 제거율이 향상되었다. 배양 방법에서는 정치 배양의 구리 제거효율이 높게 나타났다. 대량 배양을 위한 공기부양식 생물반응기에 의한 구리의 제거율은 7일 배양 이후 61%의 제거율을 보였다. T. palustris에 의한 구리제거기작을 탐색하기 위하여 배양액 중에 생성된 물질을 LC/Mass 분석 결과 T. palustris에서 분비되어진 수산과 방부처리 목재 중의 구리가 결합된 수산구리 착염체의 형성이 배양액 중에 존재함이 확인됨으로 균체 외 수산의 작용이 처리재의 구리제거에 크게 관여함이 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

국내에서 성장하고 있는 소나무재(Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc)와 이태리포플러재(Populus euramericana Guinier)에 제1인산암모늄(monoammonium phosphate, MAP)과 붕산(boric acid)을 혼합 약제로 처리하여, 난연재이면서 방부재인 처리재를 백색부후균(Trametes versicolor)과 갈색부후균(Tyromyces palustris)으로 부후시켜 처리재와 무처리재의 종압축강도를 측정하고 주사전자현미경으로 판독하였다. 무처리재보다 처리재의 비중과 압충강도가 높은 것을 알 수 있었고 수종별에 따르면 이태리포플러재보다 소나무재의 비중과 압축강도 역시 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 주사전자현미경의 사진상에서 무처리재와 약품처리재에 T. versicolor균과 T. palustris균으로 부후시킨 결과 부후가 진행됨에 따라 무처리재가 처리재보다 세포벽의 파괴가 현저함을 보여 주었고, 또한 T. versicolor균과 T. palustris균의 부후성을 보면 T. palustris균의 목재 열화가 다소 증가하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the feasibility of using sonic stress-wave technique in the longitudinal direction for the assessment of incipient decay of radiata pine wood. Decayed bending specimens by Tyromyces palustris and Gloeophyllum trabeum for varoious periods were tested nondestructively using stress-wave technique in the longitudinal direction and destructively. Decay detection, quantitative assessment of decay, and the prediction of residual strength of decayed wood with less than five percent weight loss can be feasible using stress-wave parameters (wave velocity, wave impedance, stress-wave elasticity) measured by stress-wave technique in the longitudinal direction and their percent reduction due to decay.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1992

Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et. Z.) decayed by brown-rot fungi Tyromyces palustris and Gloeophyllum trabeum were subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared spectral examinations. Pine woods decayed by T. palustris showed the increase of relative crystallinity in the initial stage of degradation. When the weight loss was above 30%, then the crystallinity went down slowly. In contrast, the wood samples degraded by G. trabeum showed the decrease of crystallinity from the beginning stage of decay. The changes of crystallinity in brown-rotted woods suggested that the degradation rate of crystalline cellulose was varied with the brown rot fungal species. X-ray diffraction analyses also indicated that crystalline cellulose was much more slowly broken down than the amorphous one. The most notable difference in the IR spectra of the brown-rotted wood samples was that the adsorption band centered at 1,730$cm^{-1}$ was significantly diminished in the decayed wood. indicating the degradation of hemicellulose by brown-rot fungi. However, no marked changes of intensities at 1,000, 1,060 and 1,040$cm^{-1}$ were observed in the brown rotted wood samples, suggesting that crystal line cellulose was resistant against the attack by brown rot fungi.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권30호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2009

In the study, we confirmed morphological traits and calculated the Risk Class of 25 mould species, including Tyromyces palustris, through decomposition rate of substrate for characteristic confirmation of injured microorganisms. We received the injured microorganisms in wood and it was pure cultivated. We observed growth traits and decomposition rate of substrate. Also, it allows the calculation of Risk Class to be worried in the case of growth in wooden cultural properties. As a result, Tyromyces palustris, representative of brown-rot, has the characteristics about decomposition rate of substrate - Cellulose ; more active(+++), Lignin ; more active(+++), Xylan ; more active(+++), Starch ; active(++). We classified Tyromcyes palustris as a first Risk Class and as a second Risk Class about Schizophyllum commune et al(9 species, See table 1. We look forward to offering standard data base for evaluating Risk Class as a matter of applying preventive conservation in wooden cultural properties through our study.