• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.328.2-328.2
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• 2002

This paper presents stability of tyhoid vaccine -attenuuated vaccine(oral) and killed vaccine{vi polysaccharide)- 5 classes with various temperature(3 points: iced temperature, refrigeration temp.. indoor temp.). Analytical techniques -vi polysaccharide content. pH. sterility. assay - have been used for the quantity of pharmacologically active chemical entries. From this study. we have found the attenuated vaccine is show iced temp. 258% and indoor temp. 0.02% compare with refrigeration temp. in assay examination and the killed vaccine is not found different. (omitted)

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2009

Diarrhea is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Rotavirus is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea both in developed and developing countries. However, bacterial causes such as Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae still play an important role in developing countries. Newly developed vaccines for rotavirus, S. typhi, and V. choleae are highly immunogenic and safe in children.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2008

Immunizations are among the most cost-effective and widely used public health interventions. This is a report a revision of recommendation of immunization for children by Korean Pediatric Society. Immunization. Vaccines were divided into 4 groups. 1) Vaccines that are recommended to all infants and children (BCG, hepatitis B vaccine, DTaP, Td, Polio vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, MMR, varicella vaccine, influenza vaccine [6-23 months of age], H. influenzae type b vaccine), 2) those that can be administered to all infants and children, but decision of administration is made by parents (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine, influenza vaccine [healthy children ${\geq}24$ months of age], rotavirus vaccine, human papilloma virus vaccine), 3) those that should be given to high risk group (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine [high risk patients ${\geq}24$ months of age], influenza vaccine [high risk patients ${\geq}24$ months of age], typhoid vaccine), and 4) those administered for control of outbreaks or prevention of emerging infectious diseases. Immunization schedule recommended by Korean Pediatric Society in 2008 is presented.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.611-615
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of Salmonella Typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (Vi vaccine) in Korea. The immunogenicity of a single dose of Vi vaccine was evaluated in 157 subjects (75 children and 82 adults) before and at 1, 6, and 12 months after vaccination. Immunogenicity was measured with a passive hemagglutination assay (PHA), quantified as geometric mean titers (GMTs) and seroconversion rates. The safety of the vaccine was investigated by determining adverse reactions occurring within 4h, 3 days, and 1 month after injection. The seroconversion rate for children and adults 1 month after vaccination was 96.92% and 89.02%, respectively. In the case of children, the GMTs of Vi antibodies before vaccination were $5.87{\pm}1.34\;and\;142.59{\pm}2.39$ at one month after vaccination. For adults, the GMTs before and one month after vaccination were $5.58{\pm}1.28\;and\;58.56{\pm}3.67$, respectively. Vi antibodies persisted for as long as 6 and 12 months after vaccination. All adverse reactions in adults and children were minor and did not require treatment. The Vi CPS vaccine was safe and immunogenic in adults and children older than 5 years.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 1974

Oxygen consumption rate has been determined to study the effect of 'Gal Geun Tang' upon stress resistance of rats. The oxygen consumption rate of liver tissue increased slightly when normal rats were given the Gal Geun Tang infusion only. When rats were given the infusion after an injection of typhoid vaccine, the elevated boby temperature and oxygen consumption rate due to typhoid vaccine fell to normal level. From this result, it is concluded that 'Gal Geun Tang' has a function that may normalize abnormally strained liver metabolism. Oxygen consumption rate of the rats significantly increased when rats were exposed to cold condition. However, under the same condition it rather maintained the normal consumption rate when the rats were given previously "Gal Geun Tang". It is suggested that 'Gal Geun Tang' has an effects that impairs the immune response from cold stress. The rats that were given Cinnamomi Ramulus('Ge Ji Tang') showed less effect than the group of 'Gal Geun Tang'.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.36-39
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• 2015

Typhoid fever can cause serious complications, such as enterobrosia, meningitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, hepatitis, osteomyelitis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation in 10-15% of the patients. Kidney complications are very rare, and a few cases have been reported in children. We are reporting a case of childhood typhoid fever complicated with acute nephritis present with albuminuria, hypertension, and renal failure.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.793-797
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• 1999

Salmonella typhi Ty21a is an attenuated strain of S. typhimurium and used for oral typhoid vaccine. In an attempt to increase the stability of Ty21a manufacturing typhoid vaccine, we studied about the stability of freeze-dried Th21a including additives at various temperature conditions. In order to investigate the freeze-drying rate of Ty21a according to various absorbance, we lyophilized Ty21a by using 8% sucrose as a stabilizer. The optimal freeze-drying rate of Ty21a was appeared when OD (optical density) value of the growth was between 2.5 and 3.0. To investigate the stability of Ty21a at various temperature, the viability was measured after storaging the freeze-dried Ty21a at the room temperature, cold and freezing condition for 1 week. The viability of Ty21a in cold and freezing storage condition was 5 times more stable than in room temperature. To search the most stable additives for the freeze-dried Ty21a, the viability of Ty21a including additives at the various storage condition was estimated. Mannitol and loctose were the most stable additives. Theses results suggest that the OD value of Ty21a growth, low temperature, mannitol and lactose are important factors for the optimal freeze-drying rate, the stable storage and the most stable additives, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.257-264
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• 2019

Mastoparan V1 was used as adjuvant of formalin-inactivated Salmonella Gallinarum whole cells vaccine against fowl typhoid in a chicken model. The 75 brown nick chickens were equally divided into 5 groups, and all chickens of each group were immunized at 6 weeks of age (0 WPPI; weeks prime post immunization), and at 9 weeks of age (3 WPPI) (except group B). Group A chickens were intramuscularly (IM) inoculated with 500 uL of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and group B chickens were subcutaneously immunized with 0.2 ml containing 5×10⁷ viable vaccine strain/bird. The chickens in groups C~E were IM inoculated with approximately 3×10⁹ cells/0.5 mL of formalin-inactivated the S. Gallinarum whole cells, approximately 3×10⁹ cells/0.5 mL of formalin-inactivated the S. Gallinarum whole cells with mastoparan V1 as adjuvant, and 0.5 mL of PBS, respectively. S. Gallinarum outer membrane proteins-specific serum IgG titers were considerably higher in groups B~D than in groups A and E. However, the levels of IFN-γ in groups B and D only than in groups A and E were significantly higher. Following oral challenge with virulent wild-type S. Gallinarum, no chicken in groups A (no challenge group) and B was dead, and only 30% of chickens in group D was dead. However, 70% of chickens in group C and all chickens in group E were dead after oral challenge. The results of this study demonstrated that IM immunization with approximately 3×10⁹ of the formalin-inactivated S. Gallinarum whole cells containing mastoparan V1 induced robust antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in chickens. The whole cells also conferred protection against infection with wild-type S. Gallinarum.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.300-306
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• 1999

To study the antigenicity of BR92021(Vi polysaccharide typhoid vaccine), active systemic ana-phylaxis and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis were tested in guinea pigs. The groups were as follows: group I(low dose, 30 $\mu\textrm{l}$/kg), group II(high dose, 300 $\mu\textrm{l}$/kg), group III(300 $\mu\textrm{l}$/kg plus complete Freund's adjuvant), group IV(positive control, ovalbumin plus complete Freund's adjuvant) and group V(saline-treated control). Male Hartley guinea pigs at 7 weeks of age were sensitized subcutaneously with the test article or saline three times per week for three weeks(j.e., total 9 times). For groups III and IV, animals were sensitized subcutaneously with either the test article or ovalbumin plus complete Freund's adjuvant once per three week for 6 weeks(i.e., total 3 times). Twelve days after the last sensitization, the blood was collected from the sensitized animals for the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test. In addition, the sensitized animals were subjected to the active systemic anaphylaxis test on fourteen days after the last sensitization by an intravenous challenge with either the test article or ovalbumin. In group I, mild(1/5) or moderate(4/5) symptoms of anaphylactic shock were observed. In group II, no sign(1/5), moderate(3/5) and severe(1/5) symptoms were observed. In group III, four animals of revealed moderate signs and one of 5 showed no signs of anaphylactic shock. In group IV, all 5 animals showed severe signs of shock. In group V, one of 5 revealed moderate and four of 5 showed no signs. The necropsy findings related to the active systemic anaphylaxis were observed in most animals of groups I to V In the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test, the antiserum was diluted 10- to 5120- fold and was injected intradermally on the clipped back of recipient animals, followed by an intravenous challenge with either the test article or ovalbumin. No animals in groups I, II, III and V showed the positive reaction, whereas all animals in group IV, the positive control, showed the positive reaction at the dilution range of x1280 to x5120. Our results indicate that the test article, BR92021, may have weak antigenic potential in male guinea pigs.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 1983

Effective BuOH fraction was extracted from Puerariae radix (Pueraria thunbergiana), and several pharmacological activities were examined. From several pharmacological examinations, it was found that BuOH fraction has an antipyretic activity against typhoid vaccine pyrexia in rabbit, a papaverine-like antispasmodic activity on isolated ileum and jejunum of rat, an analgesic effects on mice treated by 0.7% HAc, and an anti-inflammatory activity of carrageenin edema in rat. It was found that BuOH fraction has detoxication effects on acute and subacute toxic rat induced by alcohol in consequence of biochemical tests of serum. Therefore it was considered that BuOH fraction has preventive and therapeutic effects in alcohol intoxication.