• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.339-348
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare muscle activations of neck, trunk and leg in cerebral palsy of spastic diplegia with genu recurvatum and knee flexion contracture, when using anterior and posterior walkers. Methods : We selected 21 cerebral palsy and received the written consent to participate in this study. The inclusion criteria for participation required patients to have spastic diplegic CP; to be between 3~6 years of age, to have a GMFCS III grade, to have no botulinum toxin injection and orthopedics surgery within before six months starting the study. Measurements of muscle activities (sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, rectus abdominis, erector spinea, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, medial hamstring and calf muscles) were evaluated anterior and posterior walker ambulations. Statistical evaluation of these data were accomplished by utilizing the paired t-test and independent t-test by SPSS 20.0 program. Significance level was set at p<.05. Results : The following results were obtained. There was significant difference on muscle activation of neck, trunk and legs(soleus except) in anterior and posterior walkers. There was no significant difference in muscle activation of neck but significant difference in muscle activation of trunk, legs between genu recurvatum and knee flexion contracture(rectus abdominis, medial hamstring when using anterior walker, rectus abdominis, erector spinea, gluteus maximus, medial hamstring when using posterior walker). Conclusion : The conclusion of this study is the different knee joint forms would have different effect on muscle activation of trunk and legs while cerebral palsy of spastic diplegic ambulated with anterior walker and posterior walker.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2019

Objectives: To select the optimal ranges showing obvious synergic anti-osteoporotic potential after adjust mixed formula consisted of Morindae Radix (MR) and Cistanchis Herba (CH) as compared with those of each single formula or risedronate sodium (RES) using bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. Methods: Fourteen groups, total eight sham or 104 OVX mice were selected based on the body weights at 34 days after OVX surgery. After that, 9 types mixed compositions, single formula of MR and CH, and RES were orally administered for 35 days. And we measured changes in body weight and gain, femur weight, bone mineral density (BMD), bone strength (failure load) and mineral content - calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphorus (IP), osteocalcin contents and bone specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) activities of all mice. Results: The OVX-induced estrogen-deficient osteoporotic signs were significantly inhibited by 35 days of continuous oral treatment of all treated mice as compared with OVX control mice. Especially, MR:CH 1:3 and 1:1 mixed formula treated mice showed significantly more favorable inhibitory activities against estrogen-deficient osteoporosis symptoms as compared to those of each single formula of MR and CH. Although RES also ameliorated the decreases of the femur BMD, strength and trabecular bone architectures through the inhibited the increases of bone turnover, but they did not critically influenced on the bone formations. Conclusions: The results suggest that MR:CH 1:3 mixed formula showed somewhat lower anti-resorptive effects as compared to those of RES, but they also showed bone formation effects. therefore, it is expected that MR:CH 1:3 mixture will be promising as a potent protective agents for relieving the osteoporosis in menopausal women.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2019

Spinal cord contusion injury is one of the most serious nervous system disorders, characterized by high morbidity and disability. To mimic spinal cord contusion in humans, various animal models of spinal contusion injury have been developed. These models have been developed in rats, mice, and monkeys. However, most of these models are developed using rats. Two types of animal models, i.e. bilateral contusion injury and unilateral contusion injury models, are developed using either a weight drop method or impactor method. In the weight drop method, a specific weight or a rod, having a specific weight and diameter, is dropped from a specific height on to the exposed spinal cord. Low intensity injury is produced by dropping a 5 g weight from a height of 8 cm, moderate injury by dropping 10 g weight from a height of 12.5-25 mm, and high intensity injury by dropping a 25 g weight from a height of 50 mm. In the impactor method, injury is produced through an impactor by delivering a specific force to the exposed spinal cord area. Mild injury is produced by delivering $100{\pm}5kdyn$ of force, moderate injury by delivering $200{\pm}10kdyn$ of force, and severe injury by delivering $300{\pm}10kdyn$ of force. The contusion injury produces a significant development of locomotor dysfunction, which is generally evident from the $0-14^{th}$ day of surgery and is at its peak after the $28-56^{th}$ day. The present review discusses different animal models of spinal contusion injury.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.101-120
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• 2024

Purpose : This study aimed to carry out a scoping review to investigate the research trends in non-pharmacological interventions for physical rehabilitation following breast cancer treatment. Methods : A scoping review was conducted according to the five steps outlined by Arksey and O'Malley and PRISMA-ScR. We searched three domestic databases (ScienceOn, Riss, KCI) and two international databases (PubMed, Cochrane Central) between January 2014 and April 2024. The keywords used were 'breast cancer surgery', 'breast cancer treatment', 'breast cancer lymphedema', 'intervention', 'management', 'therapy', 'disorder', and 'dysfunction'. Results : In terms of publication, the number of studies in the past five years has increased compared to the previous five years, with most studies focusing on patients aged 41 to 60 and who underwent surgical treatment for breast cancer. A total of 43 different types of non-pharmacological interventions were applied: 21 single interventions and 22 combination interventions. Among the intervention methods, complete decongestive treatment (CDT), resistance training, and manual lymphatic drainage were the most frequently utilized. The most common duration of intervention turned out to be 4~5 weeks and more than 8 weeks, with frequencies of 2~3 sessions per week and more than 4 sessions per week. The most frequently used dependent variables included range of motion (ROM) and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) for the function and disorder of the upper limb category; arm circumference or volume and bio-impedance for the lymphedema category; visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS) for the pain category; and the European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire breast cancer module (EORTC QLQ) and functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast (FACT-B) for the quality of life category. Conclusion : The findings of this scoping review provide valuable mapping data for non-pharmacological interventions for physical rehabilitation following breast cancer treatment. We recommend further research, particularly systematic reviews and meta-analyses, to build upon these findings.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.445-450
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• 2014

Purpose: Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HOKPP) is an autosomal dominant channelopathy characterized by episodic attacks of muscle weakness and hypokalemia. Mutations in the calcium channel gene, CACNA1S, or the sodium channel gene, SCN4A, have been found to be responsible for HOKPP; however, the mechanism that causes hypokalemia remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of this mechanism by investigating the expression of calcium-activated potassium ($K_{Ca}$) channel genes in HOKPP patients. Methods: We measured the intracellular calcium concentration with fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester in skeletal muscle cells of HOKPP patients and healthy individuals. We examined the mRNA and protein expression of KCa channel genes (KCNMA1, KCNN1, KCNN2, KCNN3, and KCNN4) in both cell types. Results: Patient cells exhibited higher cytosolic calcium levels than normal cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the mRNA levels of the $K_{Ca}$ channel genes did not significantly differ between patient and normal cells. However, western blot analysis showed that protein levels of the KCNMA1 gene, which encodes $K_{Ca}$1.1 channels (also called big potassium channels), were significantly lower in the membrane fraction and higher in the cytosolic fraction of patient cells than normal cells. When patient cells were exposed to 50 mM potassium buffer, which was used to induce depolarization, the altered subcellular distribution of BK channels remained unchanged. Conclusion: These findings suggest a novel mechanism for the development of hypokalemia and paralysis in HOKPP and demonstrate a connection between disease-associated mutations in calcium/sodium channels and pathogenic changes in nonmutant potassium channels.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2545-2548
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• 2016

Background: There is growing evidence that there are differences in histological and genetic characteristics along with clinical behavior between right- and left-sided colon carcinomas. We have compared various parameters of the two types and assessed associations of the results with prognosis in patients in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 200 cases from our institutional database; 100 cases of right-sided and 100 cases of left-sided colon cancer. Parameters including age, gender, TNM stage, histological features and clinical outcome were analyzed. Results: The patients with right-sided colon cancer were significantly older as compared to their counterparts with left-sided cancer. They presented with a lumbar mass rather than symptoms of obstruction and perforation as seen in left-sided colon cancers, and the histology showed higher percentage of poorly differentiated tumors with advanced pT stage. Moreover, Crohn's-like reactions, intra tumoral lymphocyte responses and other poor prognostic factors like lymph vascular invasion and perineural invasion were more common in right-sided cancers. Conclusions: We found that right- and left-sided colon cancers are different from each other in terms of clinical presentation, histology and clinical behavior. Right-sided colon cancers are more aggressive and are associated with poorer clinical outcome as compared to left sided colon cancers in our population.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.114-118
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• 2018

A 3-month-old intact male Lakeland terrier was presented with recurring regurgitation after removing cervical esophageal foreign body by endoscopy. Blood and urine analysis, radiography, ultrasonography, fluoroscopic esophagography, computed tomographic angiography (CTA) were performed. In radiography and fluoroscopic esophagography, vascular ring anomaly was considered as the primary cause of megaesophagus, and CTA with gas-inflation of the esophagus was performed. Compressed esophagus, persistent right aortic arch (PRAA), aberrant left subclavian artery (LSA), and a venous structure which was confirmed in surgery to be incomplete type persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) connected with the left side azygos vein were observed. Left deviation of the trachea was also revealed in CT, which implies the compression by left ligamentum arteriosum. Therefore, type 3 PRAA with left ligamentum arteriosum and aberrant LSA, was considered as a prior differential diagnosis. Surgical repair was performed and the clinical signs improved. This report describes CTA characteristics of combination of PRAA with aberrant LSA, incomplete PLCVC and Lt. azygos vein in a dog. Although not every vascular anomaly does induce clinical sign, some types can complicate the surgical procedure, and cause clinical signs. Therefore, thorough evaluation of vascular anomalies in the thorax is important, and CTA is a useful method in identifying multiple vascular anomalies in dogs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.84-90
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• 2000

The appearance of a tumor in the chest wall is rare compared to that in any other part of the body. It can be classified into benign and malignant types and can be located in the rib, clavicle, sternum, cartilage and soft tissues. Tumors that are metastatic are commonly located in the lung, breast, bone and pleura. But, the soft tissue mass of anterior chest wall is rarely metastasized from a distant organ that is not confined to the thoracic cavity. This and thus has rarely been described. A 68-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of resting dyspnea. A huge non-tender mass of about $10{\times}15$ cm in size was visible on his left lower anterior chest wall. We pathologically confirmed that the mass was a metastatic renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type by incision biopsy. Through an incision biopsy, the mass was pathologically confirmed as a metastatic renal cell carcinoma of the clear cell type.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.431-434
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• 2005

Objective : Subarachnoid hemorrhage[SAH] is commonly associated with polyuria [solute diuresis or water diuresis]. The authors investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of polyuria with special reference to the administration of osmotic diuretics. Methods : One hundred and forty eight patients with high urine output [>200ml/hr] after ruptured cerebral aneurysm operated early from Jan 1998 to Jun 2003 were selected. Water diuresis [diabetes insipidus, DI] was differentiated from solute diuresis by lower urine specific gravity [<1.005] and higher plasma osmolality. The incidence and mode of onset of polyuria were compared between two types of diuresis. Additionally, the relationships between development of polyuria and clinical features including aneurysm location, clinical grade, Fisher grade, and outcome were analyzed. Osmotic diuretics were not routinely used in patients with Hunt-Hess grade I-III since July 2001. Results : Annual incidence of polyuria decreased markedly since July 2001 : 45.2% in 1998, 34.5% in 2001, 11.9% in 2003. Postoperative DI occurred in $2.4{\sim}11.1%$. DI developed mainly from ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm. The mean interval between the last SAH and the onset of DI was 7.1 days [range $1{\sim}27$ days] and lasted mean 4.6 days. When compared with solute diuresis, the development of DI was significantly delayed. Other clinical features were not closely related to polyuria. Conclusion : Uncontrolled polyuria may lead to cerebral ischemia and electrolyte imbalance because SAH patients are already predisposed to hypovolemia, and will risk precipitating the opposite situation with overhydration. We can decrease the development of polyuria without routine use of osmotic diuretics, by avoiding the increased intracranial pressure such as the intraoperative ventriculostomy and gentle brain retraction in good grade patients.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.404-412
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• 2019

Objective: To assess shear bond strength and failure mode (Adhesive Remnant Index, ARI) of orthodontic brackets bonded to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blocks for computer-aided design/manufacture (CAD/CAM) fabrication of temporary restorations, following substrate chemical or mechanical treatment. Methods: Two types of PMMA blocks were tested: $CAD-Temp^{(R)}$ (VITA) and $Telio^{(R)}$ CAD (Ivoclar-Vivadent). The substrate was roughened with 320-grit sandpaper, simulating a fine-grit diamond bur. Two universal adhesives, Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SU) and Assure Plus (AP), and a conventional adhesive, Transbond XT Primer (XTP; control), were used in combination with Transbond XT Paste to bond the brackets. Six experimental groups were formed: (1) $CAD-Temp^{(R)}/SU$; (2) $CAD-Temp^{(R)}/AP$; (3) $CAD-Temp^{(R)}/XTP$; (4) $Telio^{(R)}$ CAD/SU; (5) $Telio^{(R)}$ CAD/AP; (6) $Telio^{(R)}$ CAD/XTP. Shear bond strength and ARI were assessed. On 1 extra block for each PMMA-based material surfaces were roughened with 180-grit sandpaper, simulating a normal/medium-grit ($100{\mu}m$) diamond bur, and brackets were bonded. Shear bond strengths and ARI scores were compared with those of groups 3, 6. Results: On $CAD-Temp^{(R)}$ significantly higher bracket bond strengths than on $Telio^{(R)}$ CAD were recorded. With XTP significantly lower levels of adhesion were reached than using SU or AP. Roughening with a coarser bur resulted in a significant increase in adhesion. Conclusions: Bracket bonding to CAD/CAM PMMA can be promoted by grinding the substrate with a normal/medium-grit bur or by coating the intact surface with universal adhesives. With appropriate pretreatments, bracket adhesion to CAD/CAM PMMA temporary restorations can be enhanced to clinically satisfactory levels.