• 한국연초학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1979

담배 (Va 115) 細胞의 液 培養에서 담배細胞의 多量生産을 할 수 있는 Tank 培養에 關한 基礎調査로 培地造成의 果를 調査하였으며 細胞增殖率에 큰 影響을 미쳤던 2,4-D와 無機燐酸의 果에 關하여 調査하였다. 1. 培地造成에서 細胞增殖率에 많은 影響을 미쳤던 要素는 무糖, 無機燐酸의 濃度,窒素源의 形態 및 植物홀몬,特히 2, 4-D의 有無였다. 2. 무糖의 最適濃度는 3%였으며 3%以上의 濃度에서는 多少 細胞增殖率이 좋은 듯 하였으나 그 差異는 크지 않아 3% 程度로 足하였다. 無機燐酸濃度는 LS 培地內의 無機燐酸의 約 2.5 培인 0.30mg/ml 일 때 細胞增殖率이 가장 좋았다. 3. 液 培地의 窒素源은 암모니아態窒素와 硝酸態窒素가 1 : 2 일 때가 가장 좋았고 窒素源이 암모니아태 만으로 使用하였을 때 細胞增殖率이 가장 낮았으며 硝酸態만 使用되었을 때는 암모니아태만 쓰였을 때 보다는 좋았으나 암모니아태와 硝酸態의 比가 1 : 2 일 때 보다는 떨어졌다. 4. 液 培地에 2,4-D 添加와 無機燐酸濃度를 높이면 細胞增殖率이 增加되는 機作을 調査하기 爲하여 呼吸率과 14C - glucose 吸收利用을 調査하였다. 細胞의 吸收率은 2, 4-D를 添加하면 增加되며 14C-glucose의 吸收는 培地內에 2, 4-D가 包含되거나 (0.2 ppm) 燐酸濃度가 높아지면(對照의 2.5培) 더욱 많았고, 吸收된 14C-glucose는 糖 상태보다 다른 形態,特히 amino 酸이나 有機酸으로 많이 变하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2008

본 연구는 시멘트 블록조 발효상을 축조하고, 산림 및 농산 폐바이오매스의 발효 특성을 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 활엽수(신갈나무가 중심이 되는 활잡목)톱밥, 침엽수(낙엽송)톱밥, 낙엽류(소나무 및 플라타너스 낙엽), 볏짚, 산야초류 등 5종의 발효재료를 사용, 발효첨가제로서 요소, 발효용 부숙비료, 석회 등을 첨가하였고, 전체의 함수율을 55~60%가 되도록 조절하여 발효시켰으며, 궁극적으로 최대 발효열 효율을 얻기 위한 재료의 배합비, 최적수분함량 등을 검토하였다. 발열온도는 활엽수톱밥(100%)가 가장 좋았고 침 활엽수톱밥(50:50)구도 비교적 좋은 편이었다. 발열온도가 가장 높았던 활엽수톱밥 단독의 경우, 최고온도 $60{\sim}90^{\circ}C$, 최저온도 $40^{\circ}C$전후, 평균온도 $50{\sim}60^{\circ}C$의 범위를 20~30일간 유지하였으며, 이 때 최적 배합비율은 발효재료 1 톤에 대하여 요소 15 kg, 발효용 부숙비료 20 kg, 석회 10 kg, 함수율 55%이었다. 최적발효조건에서 온수탱크의 수온을 측정한 결과, 활엽수톱밥과 산야초를 50 : 50으로 혼합한 경우, 측정부위에 따라 상당한 편차를 보였으며, 발효상 중부 및 상부의 온도가 대체적으로 높았고, 하부층의 온도가 낮았다. 발열온도는 최고 $65^{\circ}C$, 최저 $40^{\circ}C$ 전후, 평균온도 $60^{\circ}C$였으며, 온수탱크의 온도를 45일간 측정한 결과, $30{\sim}45^{\circ}C$ 범위를 나타냈으며 전 기간을 통하여 거의 유사한 결과를 보여주고 있다. 탱크출구의 수온은 $33{\sim}48^{\circ}C$ 범위로 탱크온도보다 약간 높았다. 본 실험에서 개발된 열교환기(HX-helical type)를 사용한 경우, $50{\sim}60^{\circ}C$의 발효열을 최대 3개월정도 이용 가능하였다.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2000

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the absorbing characteristics in a vertical falling film type absorber using LiBr-H$H_2O$ solution as working fluids with the concentration of 60 wt%. The experimental apparatus consists of an absorber with the diameter of 17.2 mm and the length of 1150 mm, a generator, an evaporator (condenser), a weak solution tank and a sampling trap device and so on. The parameters were the solution temperatures of 45 and 50$^{\circ}$C, coolant temperatures of 30 and 35$^{\circ}$C, and the film Reynolds numbers from 50 to 150. The pressure drop in the absorber increased as the solution and coolant temperatures decreased. The pressure drop in the absorber increased up to the film Reynolds number of 90, however, decreased at the film Reynolds number above 90. The maximum absorption mass flux was observed at the film Reynolds number of 90. Absorption mass fluxes increased as the coolant temperature decreased. Accordingly, absorption mass fluxes and heat transfer coefficients under the subcooled condition increased more than those under the superheated condition. It is claimed that heat transfer coefficients are deeply affected by the solution temperature more than the coolant temperature within the experimental range.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1390-1397
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• 2004

This study is concerned with the thermal analysis during the cool-down period of 135,000㎥ class GT-96 membrane type LNG carrier under IMO and USCG design condition. During the cool-down period, the spraying rate for the NG cooling decreases as the temperature of NG falls down from -4$0^{\circ}C$ to -l3$0^{\circ}C$, and the spraying rate for the cooling of the insulation wall increases as the temperature gradient of the insulation wall is large. It was confirmed that there existed the largest temperature decrease at the first barrier and the first insulation, which are among the insulation wall, especially in the top side of the insulation wall under IMO and USCG design condition. Also, as the NG temperature distribution is fixed, the outer temperature condition under the design condition has influence on the temperature variation at the insulation. By the 3-D numerical calculation about the cargo tank and the cofferdam during the cool-down period, the temperature variation in hulls and insulations is precisely predicted under IMO and USCG design condition. From the comparison between two conditions; IMO design condition shows more severe temperature gradient than USCG design condition, therefore, it provides the conservative estimation of the BOG.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2016

Purpose: The underground air is the warm air discharged from the porous volcano bedrock 30-50m underground in Jeju, including excessive humidity. The temperature of the underground air is $15-20^{\circ}C$ throughout the year. In Jeju, the underground air was used for heating greenhouses by supplying into greenhouses directly. This heating method by supplying the underground air into greenhouses directly had several problems. The study was conducted to develop the heat pump system using underground air as heat source for resolving excessive humidity problem of the underground air, adopting the underground air as a farm supporting project by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA) and saving heating cost for agricultural facilities. Method: 35kW scale(10 RT) heat pump system using underground air installed in a greenhouse of area $330m^2$ in Jeju-Special Self-Governing Province Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Seogwipo-si, Jeju. The inlet and outlet water temperature of the condenser, the evaporator and the thermal storage tank and the underground air temperature and the air temperature in the greenhouse were measured by T type thermocouples. The data were collected and saved in a data logger(MV200, Yokogawa, Japan). Flow rates of water flowing in the condenser, the evaporator and the thermal storage tank were measured by an ultrasonic flow meter(PT868, Panametrics, Norway). The total electric power that consumed by the system was measured by a wattmeter(CW240, Yokogawa, Japan). Heating COP, rejection heat of condenser, extraction heat of evaporator and heating cost were analyzed. Result: The underground air in Jeju was adopted as a farm supporting project by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA) in 2010. From 2011, the heat pump systems using underground air as a heat source were installed in 12 farms(16.3ha) in Jeju.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.316-323
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• 2011

The hot curvature-forming of large aluminum thick plate using a grid-typed hybrid die is a process for the production of a spherical LNG tank. Many variables such as the initial die surface quality, grid size, grid thickness, size of blank plate and cooling line design, control the success of the process. In addition, the plate used in this process is generally larger than $10{\times}10m$ in size. Thus, it is very difficult to predict the surface characteristics of the plate during forming and to measure the different parameters due to the high cost of the experiments. In order to optimize the process design for the grid-type die, the development of an analytical method to predict the surface characteristics of the final product in hot curvature-forming is needed. This paper described the development of the method and procedures for FE simulations of the hot curvature-forming process, including hot forming, air flow, cooling, and thermal deformation analyses. An experiment for a small scale model of the process was conducted to check the validity of the numerical method. The results showed that the curvature of the plate in the analysis agrees well with that of the experiment within 0.037 and 0.016% tolerance margins for its side and corner, respectively.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2016

Injection molded thermoplastic parts may need to be coated to facilitate paint adhesion, or to satisfy other surface property requirements, such as appearance, durability, and weather resistance. In this paper, a two-component polyurethane metering system was developed for the simultaneous injection and surface coating of a plastic substrate. The system was composed of storage tanks, feed pumps, axial piston pumps, mixing head. The tank was designed to be double-jacket structured and fabricated for polyol and isocyanate, respectively. A temperature chamber was used to maintain the material temperature to be $80^{\circ}C$ during flowing from storage tank to mixing head. Inside the chamber, feed pump, low pressure filter, high pressure pump, high pressure filter, pressure sensor, flow meter were installed. A mixing head of L-type was used for homogeneous mixing of polyol and isocyanate. Inside the mixing head, a cartridge heater and a temperature sensor were installed to control the temperature of the materials. The flow rate of axial-piston pump was controlled by using closed-loop feedback control algorithm. The input flow-rates were compared with the measured values. The output error was 6.7% for open-loop control, whereas the error was below 2.2% for closed-loop control. In addition, the pressure generated through mixing-head nozzle increased with increasing flow rate. It was found that the pressure drop between metering pump and mixing-head nozzle was almost 10 bar.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2018

바이오가스 이용 최적화를 위해 탈황 및 제습 전처리시설 가이드라인으로 $H_2S$ 농도는 철염으로 처리가능한 150 ppm으로 설정하고, 제습은 발전기 운전 적정수분 값이며 EU회원국에서 바이오가스 활용 시 적용하는 상대습도 60 %로 설정하였다. 국내 바이오가스 평균 온도인 $31^{\circ}C$에서 상대습도 60 %으로 적용한다면 노점온도 $22^{\circ}C$, 절대습도 $20.57g/m^3$으로 나타낼 수 있으며, 전처리 설비가 적절히 가동된다면 가이드라인에 만족하여 바이오가스의 이용이 최적화 될 것으로 사료된다. 바이오가스 이용 최적화를 위해 발전기 설비 가이드라인을 설정하고자 하였다. 바이오가스 적정 이용량으로는 전체 가스 발생량의 90 % 이상을 이용해야하며, 발전기 시설의 용량은 여유율을 10~30 %로 설정해야 한다. 발전기에 유입가스의 압력을 균등화하기 위해서는 가스 균등조(buffer tank)를 설치하며, 발전실 평균온도는 $45^{\circ}C$이하로 유지한다. 소화조에서 일정한 메탄농도로 가스가 생성되지 않아 효율이 저하되므로 메탄농도에 변화에 따른 공기연료비 제어시스템을 설치가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 유기성폐자원의 바이오가스 생산 및 이용을 최적화를 위해 현장시설의 정밀모니터링과 시설별 에너지수지를 분석하고, 현장문제 해결방안에 대해서 조사하여 전처리시설 및 발전기 등의 설계 및 운전 가이드라인을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2002

Package 형태로 설계하고 제작된 pilot scale 순환 여과식 양식 시스템의 실제 어류 사육 성능을 판단하고자 하였다. 틸라피아를 설계 기준인 $5\%$ (A, B)의 사육 밀도에서 30일간 사육하였고 $7\%$ (C)의 과잉 사육밀도에서 33일간 사육하여 어류 성장과 사육조의 각종 수질을 측정하고 시스템의 안정성을 검토하였다. 실험 결과 초기 사육 밀도 $5\%$인 실험 A와 B, $7\%$의 사육밀도인 실험 C에서 각각 1.62, 1.79, 1.80의 사료계수와 $0.452\%$, $0.445\%$, $0.423\%$의 일간 성장률을 보였다. 총 암모니아성 질소의 농도는 설계 기준 사육밀도인 $5\%$로 수용한 실험 A와 B의 경우, $1g/m^3$ 이하로 유지하여 어류 사육에 적합한 것으로 나타났으며 $7\%$로 수용한 실험 C에서는 $2{\~}4g/m^{3}$의 농도를 나타내어 최대 $40\%$ 정도는 초과 수용할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 알칼리도의 부족은 질산화 반응을 저해하여 높은 암모니아 및 아질산성 질소의 농도를 유발하였으며 질산화 반응기의 숙성이 완전하지 않을 경우 아질산의 농도가 암모니아 농도와 유사하게 나타났다. 질산화 반응기의 완전한 숙성은 70일 정도 소요되었다. 시스템 내부에서 자연적인 탈질반응이 일부 발생하였고 이와 더불어 보충수의 공급에 따른 희석효과로 설계 사육 밀도보다 높은 $7\%$의 사육 밀도에서도 $60g/m^3$ 이하의 질산성 질소 농도를 유지할 수 있어 별도의 탈질 장치는 필요하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 수처리 장치를 통과하지 않고 사육조 수면으로 공급되는 우회량이 많을 경우 용존산소는 증가하였으나 수처리 장치로 공급되는 유량이 작아 부유 고형물, 유기물 등의 수질 인자가 악화되는 현상을 보였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.173.1-173.1
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• 2011

The high fuel flexibility of gas turbine power system has boosted their use in a wide variety of applications. Recently, the demand for biogas generated from the digestion of organic wastes and sewage waste water as a fuel for gas turbines has increased. We investigated the performance of high pressure biogas compression system and operating conditions for supplying biogas. The total flow per minute of biogas from food waste water digestion tank is $54Nm^3$. The main type of biogas compression system is the reciprocating system and screw type system. The target of biogas mechanical data is the as belows; inlet pressure 0.045bar, supplying biogas temperature is $30{\sim}60^{\circ}C$, and final pressure is above the 25 bar. Also, inlet conditions of biogas consist of CH4 48.5%~83%, $H_2S$ Max. 500ppm, $NH_3$ Max. 1,500ppm and Siloxane 2.7~4.6ppm. The boosting Blower system raises a pressure from 0.045bar to 1bar before main compressor. The main system lay out of reciprocating consisits of compressor driver, filter, cooling system, blowdown vessel, control system and ESD(Emergency Shut Down) system. And an enclosure package needs to be installed for reducing noise up to 75dB. The system driver is the electronic motor of explosion proof type. Forthe compressor system reliable operation, the cleaning system something like particulate filter needs to be set up in the inlet of compressor and Coalescing Filter in the outlet of compressor. Particulate Filter has to be removed above $10{\mu}m$ size of the particles in biogas. The coalescing filter(Micofine Borosilicate Glass Fibers Filter treated phenol acid) also removes moisture and oil of above $0.3{\mu}m$ to be involved in high pressure biogas up to 90%~98%.