The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of imagery therapy on "coping mechanism and type C personality of the women with mastectomy. To achieve this purpose, 2 hours sessions of imagery therapy were given to the patients with breast cancer twice a week for 6 weeks. The period of data collection was from July, 7th to August, 12th 2002. The participants were 30 patients, 15 experimental group, 15 control group who were treated at the G University hospital in J City. This study was designed using a quasi-experimental approach with non-equivalent Pre test-Post test Design. The themes for the Imagery Therapy Program were composed of Leuner's(1969) 12 Imagery Themes: flower, green-field, stream, mountain, house, woods, significant figures, rose, lion, ideal self-image, cave and volcano. The data were analyzed with ${\chi}2-test$ and MANOVA using the SPSS program. The course of image change of the 12 imagery themes was analyzed by content analysis. The results of this study are as follows: First Hypothesis, 'The score of type C personality in the women with mastectomy who received imagery therapy will be significantly lower than that of the control group' was supported(p<.05). Second Hypothesis, 'The score of coping mechanism' in the women with mastectomy who received imagery therapy will be significantly higher than that of the control group' was rejected. In conclusion, imagery therapy is suggested as an effective nursing intervention to change type C personality of the women with mastectomy, but not effective to improve coping mechanism. Therefore, the program for the women with mastectomy should be developed to change their coping mechanism, method of problem solving and Quality of life.
This study was to determine the relationship between nurse DISC personality types, self-efficacy, clinical performance. Data were collected from 302 nurses in 5 hospitals in K city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient. With regard to self-efficacy and clinical performance, D type showed a higher score than type I type and S type. The lower region of the clinical performance showed the nursing process, nursing skills, higher score than the D Type S Type in professional development. With regard to personality and self-efficacy, and clinical performance, the type D (r=.56, p<.01), I type (r=.66, p<.01), S type (r=.6, p<.01) showed a positive correlation with type C (r=.52, p<.01). As shown by these results, each personality type has a different correlation with self-efficacy and clinical performance ability. This factor should be considered in the assignment of nurses to departments or individual training programs so that they can deliver the most effective job performance.
This study begins with paying attention to the agglomeration of 'Residential-Commercial Mixed Use Buildings(hereafter, R-C MU Buildings)', which tend to be a high grade and large sized building cluster at various neighboring areas in Seoul. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between emerging new housing type and residential area by analyzing the characteristics of residential neighborhood that is mainly created by R-C MU Buildings. For this purpose, the specialization and the regional characteristics(in connection with the hierarchy in urban spatial structure) of R-C MU Building's residential neighborhood were analyzed. In the end, the specific type of housing reveals the tendency to be differentiated in terms of income, education and occupation related with housing and residential area. And the residential characteristics also seem to be different according to the regions based on the central place hierarchical structure. It means that the social and class factors are important in choosing house, but the characteristics of the neighborhood area play an important role in the selection of resident area. Finally, the location of certain type of housing can influence the selecting process of residence and it can also determine the characteristics of the resident area in turn.
Bacillus thuringiensis was mutagenized with UV light irradiation and nitrosoguanidine. Twenty-four tem perature-sensitive ts mutants were isolated at 42$^{\circ}C$ and classified into two groups by growth on nutrient agar at 42$^{\circ}C$. First is the lethal group, which did not grow at the nonpermissive temperature, the second is the reduced group whose growth was restricted from one-half to one-fourth, Thirteen ts mutants belong to the lethal group and eleven ts mutants belong to the reduced group. Auxotrophic mutant, A-N28 required five amino acids as growth factors, A-N65 also five amino acids, A-N92 seven, A-N115 four and A-N156 three. Bacillus thuringiensis wild type is resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and cephalothin. The ts-Ul7l, A-N92 and A-Nl15 are sensitive to the three antibiotics. The ts -U601, -U603, -U604 and -Ul71 did not grow at the permissive temperature after temperature-shifting from 42$^{\circ}C$. Four auxotrophic mutants (A-N38, A-N65, A-N92 and A-Nl15) did not form spores in their cells.
Kim, Sang-Young;Song, Seung-Yeon;Chung, Sun-Yong;Kim, Jong-Woo
Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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v.23
no.4
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pp.107-122
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2012
Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine the general personality profiles of patients who visited an oriental neuropsychiatric clinic and to investigate the specific profiles of patients diagnosed with Hwa-byung. Methods : We analyzed the profiles of 122 patients who completed TCI-RS questionnaire for the purpose of counseling. Patients were divided by sex, age and diagnosis related groups. Scales and subscales of each group were compared by an independent t-test and ANCOVA with SPSS windows 16.0. Types of temperament and character were classified by percentile ranks of the total patients and diagnosis related groups. Results : 1. Total patients were classified as the high harm avoidance type of temperament and of low self-directedness type of character. 2. Male patients showed significantly higher scores on NS, all subscales of NS, P2 and P3 than female patients. HA4 and C5 scores were significantly higher in the female group. Younger patients showed significantly higher scores on NS, all subscales of NS, HA1 and P3. However, older patients had significantly higher scores on SD4, SD5, ST2 and ST3. 3. Between diagnosis related groups, Hwa-byung group had significantly higher scores on RD, ST, SD3 and ST2. However P3 score of non-hwa-byung patients was higher than hwa-byung patients. In typical classification, both hwa-byung and non-hwa-byung groups were classified as the same types as total patients. Conclusions : This study showed that the patients visited an oriental neuropsychiatric clinic and had similar personality with that of general psychiatric disorders. Hwa-byung patients exhibited higher RD and ST scores than other disorders, but they had no typical differences.
1. Objective: This study was designed to analyze the characteristics of each Sasang constitutional type using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). 2. Methods: A total of 135 healthy subjects (age 19-30) participated in this study, consisting of 35 Soyang-type, 66 Taeeum-type, 30 Soeum-type, and 4 Taeyang-type subjects. A Sasang Constitutional Medicine specialist determined each subject's Sasang constitutional type based on the Two Step Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis (TS-QSCD) and comprehensive constitutional assessment. The subjects were also asked to complete the TCI. 3. Results: Among the four temperament dimensions, the Soyang- and Taeeum-type subjects showed significantly higher scores than the Soeum-type subjects in Novelty Seeking (NS). The Soeum-type subjects showed significantly higher scores than the Taeum- and Soyang-type subjects in Harm Avoidance (HA) (Soeum type > Taeeum type > Soyang type). The Soyang-type subjects showed significantly higher scores than the Soeum-type subjects in Reward Dependence (RD). The Soyang- and Taeeum-type subjects showed significantly higher scores than the Soeum-type subjects in Persistence (P). Among the three character dimensions, the Soyang-type subjects showed significantly higher score than the Taeeumand Soeum-type subjects in Self-Directedness (SD) (Soyang type > Taeeum type > Soeum type). The Soyang-type showed significantly higher scores than the Taeeum-type in Cooperativeness (C). 4. Conclusions: Differences in temperament and character were discovered across the Sasang constitutional types. The Sasang constitutional characteristics should be investigated in larger studies in the future. Similar studies could add to the growing knowledge of Sasang constitutional typology and contribute to a more accurate Sasang constitutional diagnosis.
The roof tiles from the tomb in Baekje Kingdom of the Danjiri site in Gongju, Korea were studied for the production techniques and raw material provenance based on archaeometric characteristics. The roof tiles had traditional shapes of Baekje Kingdom, which show flow texture on the surfaces and sections with the roof tiles of hard or soft-type. These roof tiles were locally produced, using refining soils according to mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. Also roof tiles were divided to 2 groups by firing temperature and physical properties. One of them had soft with porous texture and fired probably about 700 to $900^{\circ}C$. The other had hard with vitrified texture and probably fired about 940 to $1,020^{\circ}C$. Buried for long time and used as a tomb, roof tiles had experienced chemical alteration due to the enrichments of trace elements abundant in human tissues.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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v.6
no.1
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pp.56-64
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1995
Family is a primary unit of the major socialization processing for children. Parents among the family members are one of the most important figures from whom the child and adolescent acquire a wide variety of behavior patterns, attitudes, values and norms. An organization of family members product family structural functioning. Abnormal family structure is one of the most important reference models in the learning of antisocial patterns of behavior. Therefore incest and child sexual abuse including spouse abuse, elderly abuse, and neglect occurs in the abnormal family structural setting. In particular, incest, a specific form of sexual abuse, was once thought to be a phenomenon of great rarity, but our clinical experiences, especially over the past decade, have made us aware that incest and child sexual abuse is not rare case and on the increasing trend. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the family problem and dynamics of incest family, and character pattern of post-incest adolescent victim in Korea. A total of 1,838 adolescents from middle and high school(1,237) and juvenile correctional institute(601) were studied, sampled from Korean student population and adolescent delinquent population confined in juvenile correctional institutes, using proportional stratified random sampling method. The subjects' ages ranged from 12 to 21 years. Data were collected through questionnaire survey. Data analysis was done by IBM PC of Behavior Science Center at the Korea university, using SAS program. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square, principal component analysis and t-test etc. The results of this study were as follows ; 1) Of 1,071 subjects, 40(3.7%) reported incest experiences(sibling incest : 1.6% ; another type of incest : 2.1%) in their family setting. 2) The character pattern of post-incest adolescent victim was more socially maladjusted, immature, impulsive, rigid, anxious and dependent than non-incest adolescent. Also they showed some problem in academic performance and their assertiveness. 3) The other family members of incest family revealed more psychological and behavioral problem such as depression, alcoholism, psychotic disorder and criminal act than the non-incest family, even though there is no evidence of the context between them. 4) The family dynamics of incest family tended to be dysfunctional trend, as compared with non-incest family. It showed that the psychological instability of family member, parental rejection toward their children, coldness and indifference among family member and marital discordance between the parents had significant correlation with incest.
Recently, as economic property it has become necessary to acquire and utilize the framework for water resource measurement and performance management as the property of water resources changes to hold "public property". To date, the evaluation of water technology has been carried out by feasibility study analysis or technology assessment based on net present value (NPV) or benefit-to-cost (B/C) effect, however it is not yet systemized in terms of valuation models to objectively assess an economic value of technology-based business to receive diffusion and feedback of research outcomes. Therefore, K-water (known as a government-supported public company in Korea) company feels the necessity to establish a technology valuation framework suitable for technical characteristics of water resources fields in charge and verify an exemplified case applied to the technology. The K-water evaluation technology applied to this study, as a public interest goods, can be used as a tool to measure the value and achievement contributed to society and to manage them. Therefore, by calculating the value in which the subject technology contributed to the entire society as a public resource, we make use of it as a basis information for the advertising medium of performance on the influence effect of the benefits or the necessity of cost input, and then secure the legitimacy for large-scale R&D cost input in terms of the characteristics of public technology. Hence, K-water company, one of the public corporation in Korea which deals with public goods of 'water resources', will be able to establish a commercialization strategy for business operation and prepare for a basis for the performance calculation of input R&D cost. In this study, K-water has developed a web-based technology valuation model for public interest type water resources based on the technology evaluation system that is suitable for the characteristics of a technology in water resources fields. In particular, by utilizing the evaluation methodology of the Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan to match the expense items to the expense accounts based on the related benefit items, we proposed the so-called 'K-water's proprietary model' which involves the 'cost-benefit' approach and the FCF (Free Cash Flow), and ultimately led to build a pipeline on the K-water research performance management system and then verify the practical case of a technology related to "desalination". We analyze the embedded design logic and evaluation process of web-based valuation system that reflects characteristics of water resources technology, reference information and database(D/B)-associated logic for each model to calculate public interest-based and profit-based technology values in technology integrated management system. We review the hybrid evaluation module that reflects the quantitative index of the qualitative evaluation indices reflecting the unique characteristics of water resources and the visualized user-interface (UI) of the actual web-based evaluation, which both are appended for calculating the business value based on financial data to the existing web-based technology valuation systems in other fields. K-water's technology valuation model is evaluated by distinguishing between public-interest type and profitable-type water technology. First, evaluation modules in profit-type technology valuation model are designed based on 'profitability of technology'. For example, the technology inventory K-water holds has a number of profit-oriented technologies such as water treatment membranes. On the other hand, the public interest-type technology valuation is designed to evaluate the public-interest oriented technology such as the dam, which reflects the characteristics of public benefits and costs. In order to examine the appropriateness of the cost-benefit based public utility valuation model (i.e. K-water specific technology valuation model) presented in this study, we applied to practical cases from calculation of benefit-to-cost analysis on water resource technology with 20 years of lifetime. In future we will additionally conduct verifying the K-water public utility-based valuation model by each business model which reflects various business environmental characteristics.
Bangmulgwan gwa yeongu (The National Museum of Korea Journal)
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v.1
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pp.174-197
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2024
Personal ornaments made from precious metals that have been excavated from tombs dating to the Maripgan period (4th-6th century) of the Silla Kingdom are a major subject of analysis in the study of gender and hierarchy among the tomb occupants. Nonetheless, bracelets had been neglected until Ha Daeryong's recent research on determining gender through bracelets attracted attention. Accordingly, an examination and organization of the fundamental elements of Silla bracelets was needed. In response, this paper examines their physical characteristics, appearance, changes over time, and related wearing practices. The data for this study is derived from 176 bracelets, mostly made from silver or gold. Copper and glass bracelets are also included. Many of them were cast in a single-use earthen mold. Even the notched and protruding designs were created by casting rather than carving. Glass bracelets and bracelets with dragon designs were made using molds with round cavities. Excluding those produced using metal sheets, the rest of the bracelets are thought to have been cast in a mold with a long-string-shaped cavity and then bent round. After being bent, the two ends were either soldered together (closed type) or left open (open type). As demonstrated in the study by Lee Hansang, Silla bracelets evolved from plain rounded rod-shaped bracelets, such as the one excavated from the Northern Mound of Hwangnamdaechong Tomb, to versions with notched designs, and eventually to those with protruding designs, which gained popularity by the sixth century. The precedents of plain rounded rod-shaped bracelets are presumed to have been thin rod-shaped bracelets from the Proto-Three Kingdoms period. Bracelets need to be fit to the wrists so that they do not slip off easily when worn. The open type design was the preferable way to achieve this. Moreover, given the ductility of gold, silver, and copper, it seems that it would have been possible to stretch or deform them. In the end, I concluded that even if a bracelet is too small to pass man's hand, the open type could have been worn. Furthermore, if a closed-type bracelet were pressed into an oval shape, it would not be impossible for a man to put it on. When bracelets are divided according to their degree of deformability into type A (the open type) through type D, which is almost impossible to deform, type A is commonly found with wearers of thin hollow earrings, and types C and D (which are difficult to deform) are not found with wearers of thin hollow earrings, but only with wearers of thick hollow earrings. Therefore, it can be seen that men were allowed to wear bracelets, and the existing studies that differentiate between men and women based on the wearing of thin hollow earrings, thick hollow earrings, and swords remain valid.
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