• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.73-93
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• 2004

This study was to identify the determinants of web interactivity and investigate the structural relationships between web interactivity, e-brand relationship quality, and customer loyalty. For these purposes, the authors developed several hypotheses and collected the data from 268 users of Internet site. The data was analyzed with LISREL 8.5. The findings and summary are as follows. First. control had a significantly positive effect on satisfaction. Second, two-way communications had not an effect on satisfaction and trust. Third, responsiveness had a significantly positive effect on satisfaction and customer loyalty. Fourth, satisfaction had a significantly positive effect on trust and customer loyalty. Finally, trust had a significantly positive effect on customer loyalty. At the end of this paper, the managerial and theoretical implications, limitations and further research directions were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.435-444
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the effect of aerosol feedback on $PM_{10}$ simulation using a two-way coupled air quality model (WRF-CMAQ). $PM_{10}$ concentration over Korea in January 2014 was simulated, and the aerosol feedback effect on the simulated solar radiation was intensively examined. Two $PM_{10}$ simulations were conducted using the WRF-CMAQ model with (FB) and without(NFB) the aerosol feedback option. We find that the simulated solar radiation in the west part of Korea decreased by up to $-80MJ/m^2$ due to the aerosol feedback effect. The feedback effect was significant in the west part of Korea, showing high $PM_{10}$ estimates due to dense emissions and its long-range transport from China. The aerosol feedback effect contributed to the decreased rRMSE(relative Root Mean Square Error) for solar radiation (47.58% to 30.75%). Aerosol feedback effect on the simulated solar radiation was mainly affected by concentration of $PM_{10}$. Moreover, FB better matched the observed solar radiation and $PM_{10}$ concentration than NFB, implying that taking into account the aerosol direct effects resulted in the improved modeling performance. These results indicate that aerosol feedback effects can play an important role in the simulation of solar radiation over Korean Peninsula.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.323-341
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• 2006

IThis research meets with empirical results in pursuit of aim as below mentioned. Firstly, it gets a line on two-way effects which have an effect on both (the country image and corporate image) by using the corporate image for the study of the country image. After making an analysis of the empirical test, found out that the corporate image has influence upon the country image significantly. Also found out that the country image has an effect on the corporate image powerfully. Therefore, it effects an inspection of evidence that the country image and corporate image have significantly positive concern, each other. Secondly, it is offering the way to use the culture marketing as grasping the mediating effects, which culture difference has influence upon the country image and the corporate image. The mediating effects show that the country image has influence on the corporate image more as culture difference is bigger.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.65-74
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• 2006

This study is intended to analyze the way of incorporating the effect of natural light into the architectural space design by Le Cobusier. The composition of modem architectural space is significantly different from that of classical architecture. Such transition is attributable to the change of tectonic method which was supported by the development of new materials and structural systems. In addition, the effect of natural light systems which is one of the main elements in architectural space has undergone significant changes in modern ages. Moreover, Le Corbusier introduces the new concept of natural light in his works. By bringing the above two trends together, this study analyzed the way how Le Cobusier applied light effect in his works. Specifically, findings regarding the 'traffic flow in the space' with the light, 'elevation effect' with the 'Brise soleil' in Le Cobusier's works were presented. And also the way of lighting the object in the space was presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.557-561
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• 2008

Shape memory alloys (SMA) have interesting features which are the superelastic effect (SE), shape memory effect (SME), two-way SME (TWSME), and so on. These are utilized in actuation factor. The thermo-mechanical constitutive equations of SMA proposed by Lagoudas et al. were employed in the present study for simulating SMA truss structures. The constitutive equation includes the necessary internal variables to account for the material transformations and is utilized in the non-linear finite element procedure of three dimensional truss structures that composed SMA bar (wholly or partially). In this study, we observed which element should be actuated to get a desired shape (actuation shape) from computational analysis. To reach this goal, we apply SMA constitutive equation to non-linear finite element formulation. And then, we simulate two-way shape memory effect as well as superelastic effect of various three dimensional truss using SMA.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.311-319
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• 2022

A model of plastic deformation of the shape memory alloys which describes dislocation slip at the microlevel is developed. A condition similar to the Schmid law was adopted for the determination of dislocation slip onset. A description of the interaction of plastic deformation and martensitic transformations by taking into account the densities of deformation defects is proposed. It is shown that the model can correctly describe the effect of plastic strain on the shape memory effect. The proposed model is also capable of describing the two-way shape memory effect.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.7C
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• pp.608-615
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• 2007

Generally time of arrival (TOA) information via two way communications can be derived by accurate round trip time (RTT) between two devices. However, response time demanded in RTT measurement is long, a serious TOA error is caused by each different clock drift between two devices. In order to solve this problem, we propose the TOA and time difference of arrival (TDOA) estimation scheme with mitigating clock drift effect. To verify the performance of proposed method, we compared the proposed scheme with one way based TDOA acquisition method introduced by IEEE 802.15.4a Task Group and then we could conclude that the proposed method has better performance over other methods.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2008

The objective of this paper is to describe the construct of bullwhip effect beyond supply chains, namely at industrial and societal levels. The author provides a conceptual discussion of the bullwhip effect - its derivation is extended, and the positioning of the construct is broadened. The bullwhip effect has been explored within intra-organisational and inter-organisational supply chains. A broader descriptive framework is introduced, one that positions the bullwhip effect construct at industrial and societal levels. A conceptual framework is provided that bridges the interface between the micro and macro environments of the bullwhip effect construct, but further conceptualization is required. The introduced derivation and positioning of the bullwhip effect construct reveal a number of research potentials. A principal one is that the exploration of the construct may consider the industrial and/or the societal environment when the bullwhip effect is studied in supply chains. The extended derivation and broadened positioning of the bullwhip effect in the overall environment is of interest to practitioners. It stresses the importance of contextual factors in operative, tactical and strategic supply chain performance. The principal contributions are: a) an interface between micro and macro levels in supply chain performance contributing to an extended derivation of the bullwhip effect; b) a typology of the bullwhip effect contributing to broadening the positioning of the same construct; c) the bullwhip effect being seen as two-way view construct at the micro level and d) a framework ofmanagerial implications. Most important of all is that the causes and effects of the bullwhip effect have been addressed in a wider context that so far has been underestimated in literature.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.241-249
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• 2008

This paper describes the tribological effects on the nonlinear behavior of a spur gear pair with one-way clutch according to the direct contact elastic deformation model over a wide range of speeds, considering the hydrodynamic effects. The effects of various lubrication parameters, such as viscosity, film width, and friction, on the nonlinear dynamic behavior were analyzed. Forces due to the entraining velocity and the hydrodynamic friction were about two orders smaller than normal forces over the whole speed range. While the viscosity has a strong effect on the behavior of gear pair systems, friction has very little effect on torsional behavior. The inclusion of the hydrodynamic effect facilitates nonlinearity by increasing the overlap and damping, as well as decreasing elastic deformation and tooth reaction forces.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.389-405
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• 2014

Outdated Channel State Information (CSI) was proved to have negative effect on performance in two-way relay networks. The diversity order of widely used opportunistic relay selection (ORS) was degraded to unity in networks with outdated CSI. This paper proposed a multiple relay selection scheme for amplify-and-forward (AF) based two-way relay networks (TWRN) with outdated CSI. In this scheme, two sources exchange information through more than one relays. We firstly select N best relays out of all candidate relays with respect to signal-noise ratio (SNR). Then, the ratios of the SNRs on the rest of the candidate relays to that of the Nth highest SNR are tested against a normalized threshold ${\mu}{\in}[0,1]$, and only those relays passing this test are selected in addition to the N best relays. Expressions of outage probability, average bit error rate (BER) and ergodic channel capacity were obtained in closed-form for the proposed scheme. Numerical results and Simulations verified our theoretical analyses, and showed that the proposed scheme had significant gains comparing with conventional ORS.