• 응용통계연구
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1033-1041
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 크기비례 계통추출법에서 적용할 수 있는 다양한 분산추정 방법들을 정리하고 각 분산추정 방법들의 통계적 특성에 대해서 논의하였다. 이론적으로 하나의 계통표본을 가지고 비편향 분산추정량을 구하는 것은 불가능 하지만 실제 표본자료 분석에 있어서 어떤 대안이 있을 수 있는지 살펴보고, 다양한 분산추정 방법들의 성질을 상대편향 및 상대평균제곱오차 관점에서 비교해 보았다. 또한 우리나라 가구나 사업체 표본설계에서 흔히 발생하는 2단 크기비례 계통추출 표본에서 적용 가능한 효과적인 분산추정 방법을 알아보기 위해 2008년 사업체근로실태조사 자료의 근로자 평균임금과 2011년 식품원료소비실태조사 자료의 가구당 연평균 쌀 소비량의 분산 추정 문제를 기초로 모의실험을 수행하였다.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.155-168
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• 2009

표본설계 단계에서 이용 가능한 보조정보가 있는 경우 효율적인 표본추출방법으로 층화추출법이 흔히 고려된다. 특별히 층화변수로 이용할 수 있는 변수가 많은 경우 전체 층의 숫자가 커지게 되며, 이때 각 층으로부터 한 단위를 추출하는 층 표본크기가 1인 층화추출이 효율적임이 알려져 있다. 그러나 각 층으로부터 하나의 추출단위를 추출하는 층 표본크기가 1인 층화추출의 경우 불편 분산 추정량의 계산이 불가능하다. 불편 분산 추정량의 계산은 층의 수를 줄이고 각 층으로부터 두 개의 표본추출단위를 표집하는 층 표본크기가 2인 층화추출에서 가능하나 중요 층화변수가 누락될 경우 층 표본크기가 1인 층화추출에 비해 그 효율성이 떨어진다. 본 연구에서는 Park & Fuller(2008)에 의해 제시된 층 표본크기가 2인 균형 층화추출과 호르비츠-톰슨 추정량의 불편 분산 추정량을 살펴보고, 모의실험을 통하여 여러 가지 층화추출법과 계통추출법을 비교한다. 또한 제시된 표본추출법을 2006년 청년패널 자료에 적용하여 그 효율성을 평가한다.

• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.393-403
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 훈련 교·강사를 모집단으로 데이터 기반 의사결정을 위한 토대를 마련하고자 직업훈련기관 수준에서의 패널조사 표집설계 방안을 제시하여 지속적이고 체계적인 훈련 교·강사 실태조사의 기초를 제공하는데 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 체계적인 조사 설계를 위한 요소인 목표 모집단과 표본추출틀을 제안하였으며, 전문가 자문과 실증 자료 분석을 토대로 데이터의 대표성, 자료 수집의 효율성 및 지속가능성 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 표본추출단위, 외층변인과 내층변인을 고려한 표본추출방법 등을 제시하였다. 연구 결과 패널의 단위를 직업훈련기관으로 하여 패널로 선정된 기관과 그 기관에 소속된 훈련 교·강사가 설문조사에 참여할 수 있도록 2단계 층화 비례 표집 방안을 마련하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 패널조사 표본 설계 방안에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.236-241
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• 1984

In order to make clear the relationship between sample design and sample survey in community, it was conducted research on sample design for National Nutrition Survey in 1983. In this paper it was tried to analize the data based on The Report of a Settled Population, 1981 conducted by National Bureau of Statistics Economic Planning Board. The sample was basically using stratified two-stage sampling with systematic sampling of Ban or Li as administrative unit. The population represents the whole nation excluding Jeju-do because of budget. The selection of sampling unit and sampling procedure was as follows. 1) Stratify the nation-wide area in 20 sections according to administrative districts. 2) Determine the sample size in each section according to equal proportional rate (1 / 8040) and to about 1,000 households in the sample. 3) Select the 25 sampling units by section according to households proportion. 4) Select the 10 households at random from each Ban or Li according to equal probability proportion as the final sampling unit. Using the procedure, it was sampled 1,000 households for National Nutrition Survey in 1983.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1677-1684
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• 2016

Background: Among the factors reported to determine the quality of life of breast cancer patients are socio-demographic background, clinical stage, type of treatment received, and the duration since diagnosis. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the quality of life (QOL) scores among breast cancer patients at a Malaysian public hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study of breast cancer patients was conducted between March to June 2013. QOL scores were determined using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and its breast cancer supplementary measure (QLQ-BR23). Both the QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 assess items from functional and symptom scales. The QLQ-C30 in addition also measures the Global Health Status (GHS). Systematic random sampling was used to recruit patients. Results: 223 breast cancer patients were recruited with a response rate of 92.1%. The mean age of the patients was 52.4 years (95% CI = 51.0, 53.7, SD=10.3). Majority of respondents are Malays (60.5%), followed by Chinese (19.3%), Indians (18.4%), and others (1.8%). More than 50% of respondents are at stage III and stage IV of malignancy. The mean Global Health Status was 65.7 (SD = 21.4). From the QLQ-C30, the mean score in the functioning scale was highest for 'cognitive functioning' (84.1, SD=18.0), while the mean score in the symptom scale was highest for 'financial difficulties' (40.1, SD=31.6). From the QLQ-BR23, the mean score for functioning scale was highest for 'body image' (80.0, SD=24.6) while the mean score in the symptom scale was highest for 'upset by hair loss' (36.2, SD=29.4). Two significant predictors for Global Health Status were age and employment. The predictors explained 10.6% of the variation of global health status ($R^2=0.106$). Conclusions: Age and employment were found to be significant predictors for Global Health Status (GHS). The Quality of Life among breast cancer patients reflected by the GHS improves as age and employment increases.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2000

A mass balance/photochemical modeling approach was used to evaluate the sea-to-air dimethyl sulfide (DMS) fluxes in tropical regions and part of the Southern Ocean. The flux determinations were based on 10 airborne observations by ACE 1 transit flights (i.e., Flights 4-9 and 29-32). The DMS flux values for the tropical regions ranged from 1.0 to 7.4 $\mu$mole/$m^2$/day with an average estimate of 4.2$\pm$2.3 $\mu$mole/$m^2$/day. The seasonal variations in the DMS flux predicted for the equatorial Pacific Ocean based on atmospheric DMS measurements were not entirely consistent with those derived from seawater DMS measurements were not entirely consistent with those derived from seawater DMS measurements reported in previous literature. Inhomogeneities in the DMS flux field were found to cause significant shifts in the atmospheric DMS levels even in the same sampling location. Accordingly, no definitive statement can be made at this stage regarding systematic differences or agreements in the DMS flux estimates from the two approaches. Moreover, this study strongly suggests that DMS oxidation is the most likely dominant source of SO$_2$in tropical regions, which is also supported by another set of compiled observations. Finally, these SO$_2$observations indicate that, when significant data was available for both the boundary and buffer layers, the vertical SO$_2$gradient between these two zones was primarily negative.

• 한국노년학
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.1265-1278
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• 2008

이 연구는 노인의 생활체육활동 참가와 신체적, 정신적 기능상태의 관계를 구명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 조사 대상은 2008년 현재 서울지역에 거주하는 만 65세 이상 노인을 모집단으로 설정한 후, 유층집락 무선표집법(systematic stratified cluster random sampling)의 방법을 이용하여 양로원, 노인정, 노인대학 집단 등을 중심으로 표집틀(sampling framework)을 작성한 후, 생활체육참여자 180명, 비참여자 180명 총 360명의 표본을 추출하였다. 독립변인으로는 여가스포츠활동 참가여부와 참가정도(기간, 빈도, 강도)로 분류하였으며, 그리고 종속변인인 신체적 기능상태는 정경희 등(1998), 김양례(2005a)등이 사용한 문항을 토대로 본 연구에 맞게 수정, 보완하여 사용하였다. 정신적 기능상태는 인지기능 척도와 우울척도를 사용하였다. 먼저, 인지기능 척도는 개인이 지능을 이용하여 당면문제를 해결하는 정도로써, 한국판 MMSE-K(Mini Mental State Examination-Korea)를 사용하였으며, 우울증 척도는 Beck(1978)가 개발하고 이영호, 송종용(1991)이 번안한 설문지를 조규황(2003)이 한국 실정에 맞게 수정한 설문지를 본 연구의 목적에 맞게 수정 보완하여 사용하였다. 연구결과의 분석을 통해서 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 노인의 생활체육활동 참가여부에 따라 신체적 정신적 기능상태에 부분적으로 영향을 미친다. 즉, 생활체육활동에 참가하는 노인집단이 참가하지 않는 노인집단보다 일상생활수행능력 인지기능과 우울증 하위변인 중 인지적 신체적 행동적 요인이 높았다. 둘째, 노인의 생활체육 참가정도는 신체적 정신적 기능상태에 부분적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 생활체육 참가정도에 따라서 신체적, 정신적 기능상태의 하위변인인 일상생활수행능력에서는 참가기간, 참가강도가 인지기능에서는 참가기간, 그리고 우울증의 하위변인 중 인지적 정서적 요인에는 참가기간, 참가빈도가 영향을 미쳤고, 신체적 행동적 요인에는 참가기간, 참가빈도, 참가강도 모두 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2004

Raw-fish food contains a lot of moisture and is a high-protein food. It is a first-stage processed food taking a lot of manual work. Therefore, it is classified as a PHF food, very liable to cause a bacterial food-poisoning. But its manufacturers are usually small-sized and a systematic sanitation management is difficult to expect. But the manufacturer participating in this study produces chilled fresh raw-fish food. Fish are sliced into two fillets, which are packaged under vacuum, kept and distributed in refrigerators, and sold within a day. It is a newly-developed kind of raw-fish food, and a more improved kind of raw-fish food making possible a systematic sanitation management. The HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) is a systematic and continuous process-control method which is very efficient for controling food sanitation and reducing the expenses. A new HACCP model has been developed to be applied to a large-sized chilled fresh raw-fish food manufacturer. To ascertain its efficiency, the baterial examination was done to its workplace and products. The significance test was done on its data by "SPSS 12.0 for Window" and "Mann-Whitney U Test". The numbers of bacteria on its final products were significantly different in flatfish and porgy. The number of bacteria tended to decrease in each time-differential sampling (P＜.00l). The final food products showed no food-poisoning bacteria in all the time-differential tests and in all the samplings, which proves that the CCP of the HACCP system is under control. After the SSOP program was applied, no pathogenic bacteria were found in the work-place, and the kinds and numbers of bacteria decreased. The numbers of general bacteria and colon bacilli also showed a significant difference from those before the SSOP program in the filleting board (P＜.05), in the skinning board (P＜.0l), in the neck-removing knife (P＜.05), and in the filleting knife (P＜.01). The working equipments, periodically disinfected, also showed a significant difference in sanitary conditions (in the dehydrator, P＜.05). The number of bacteria found on the food-touching surface was within the standard (below 500/l00 cm$^2$) After the SSOP program was applied, the general bacteria and colon bacilli were not found. The quality of water used in the food processing was also within the standard. The numbers of bacteria falling from the air in the work-place were negligible in all the samplings (＜30CFU/l000ι). The staphylococci and fungi were not found.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.110-143
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to assess the extent of inequality in health outcomes and the distribution of health services according to health need under National Health Insurance System in Korea. For the empirical analysis, data were collected through an interview survey during one month of October, 1994. Interview were conducted with a total of 10, 875 of the employees and the self-employed selected through cluster, systematic sampling. The major findings of this research are as follows: 1. The analysis of the differentials in morbidity rates by socio-economic group showed that health inequality in the pro-higher groups existed in all self-reported morbidity indicators. 2. The findings of the conventional use measures showed that the lower socio-economic groups had more ambulatory and inpatient services than the higher groups. In contrast to the level of the medical care utilization, however, the higher socio-economic groups were more likely to use the high-quality source of care in terms of their treatment place compared to the lower groups. 3. By using the need-based use measures, the results were different from each use-disability ration indicator. Using the use-disability ration measured by physician visits per 100 restricted-activity days in the population, it was found that there was no evidence favoring the higher socio-economic groups. In contrast, the use-disability ration based on physician visits per a chronic patient in one year displayed that there was remarkable relative difference by income group as well as the evidence of the pro-higher income groups. 4. The results of logistic regression analysis and two-stage estimation method indicated that although the utilization is significantly affected by type and duration of insurance coverage, the use or nonuse of service and the volume of physician care consumed is determined by health need and demographic characteristics rater than economic status. In sum, these findings suggest that physician service is equitably distributed according to health need under national health insurance system in Korea. As there were some evidences of inequality including the differential in physician visits of chronic patients by income group, however, the government should strengthen the activities to guarantee the equity of health services utilization.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2018

Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between employment status and the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for manufacturing and construction workers. Methods: Subjects, who had or have worked as temporary workers in manufacturing or construction worksites for the longest career years, were extracted from the KNHANES(2007-2009) database. Characteristics of demographical, socio-economic, and smoking history were treated as independent variables. Considering that smoking experience and age are significantly influential in the prevalence of COPD, logistic regressions were analyzed after stratifying subjects according to their smoking experience and age. A two-stage stratified systematic sampling method was applied for the logistic regression analysis. Results: Age, gender, and household income level were associated with the prevalence of COPD in both smoking and non-smoking groups. However, employment status was only significant among smoking group. Smoking experience and age were significantly related to the prevalence of COPD among all age groups. In addition, employment status and household income level were also associated with the prevalence of COPD in young aged group. But gender was the only significant factor among the elder group. Conclusions: This study confirmed that employment status was a major social factor which may be related to the prevalence of COPD. Proper supports such as providing safety measures should be provided to temporary workers to manage their respiratory health.