• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제32A권6호
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• pp.104-110
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• 1995

In this paper, an effective method for the minimization of two-level Reed-muller expressions by cube selection whcih considers functional complexity is presented. In contrast to the previous methods which use Xlinking operations to join two cubes for minimizatio, the cube selection method tries to select cubes one at a time until they cover the ON-set of the given function. This method works for most benchmark circuits, but for parity-type functions it shows power performance. To solve this problem, a cost function which computes the functional complexity instead of only the size of ON-set of the function is used. Therefore the optimization is performed considering how the trun minterms are grouped together so that they can be realized by only a small number of cubes. In other words, it considers how the function is changed and how the change affects the next optimization step. Experimental results shows better performance in many cases including parity-type functions compared to pervious results.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.842-848
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 비선형 모델의 설계를 위해 Type-2 퍼지 논리 집합을 이용하여 불확실성 문제를 다룬다. 제안된 모델은 규칙의 전 후반부가 Type-2 퍼지 집합으로 주어진 Type-2 퍼지 논리 시스템을 설계하고 불확실성의 변화에 대한 비선형 모델의 성능을 해석한다 여기서 규칙 전반부 멤버쉽 함수의 정점 선택은 C-means 클러스터링 알고리즘을 이용하고, 규칙 무반부 퍼지 집합의 정점 결정에는 경사 하강법(Gradient descent method)을 이용한 오류 역전파 알고리즘을 사용하여 학습한다. 또한, 제안된 모델에 관련된 파라미터는 입자 군집 최적화(Particle Swarm Optimization; PSO) 알고리즘으로 동조한다. 제안된 모델은 모의 데이터집합(Synthetic dadaset), Mackey-Glass 시계열 공정 데이터를 적용하여 논증되고, 기존 Type-1 퍼지 논리 시스템과의 근사화 및 일반화 능력에 대하여 비교 토의한다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1996

In high chromium cast iron, the control of matrix microstructure as well as carbide structure is important to the performance as a wear resistant material. In this study, 3.0% C-24.0% Cr white cast irons with various molybdenum contents(residual, 1.0%, 3.0% and 5.0%) were solidified conventionally and unidirectionally for studying their effects on the microstructure and hardness. In the conventional casting, two sets of castings were poured from each melt. One set of the castings consisted of cylindrical bars of 10 and 20mm by 155mm long. The second set of the castings was a cylindrical bar of 30mm by 200mm long. On the other hand, a pep-set mold set on the Cu plate was employed to make the solidification unidirectionally. X-ray diffraction method was used to observe retained austenite and carbides in the high chromium cast iron. The morphology of eutectic $M_7C_3$ carbides changed from needle-like type to nodular type with the increase of Mo content. And, the presence of $M_2C$ carbides was identified in the sample where Mo was added over 3.0 %. Primary and eutectic carbides appeared as rod type and corngrain type, respectively in the unidirectionally solidified samples which were cut to parallel to the solidification direction. In the EDX analysis, Cr concentration was higher in the primary and eutectic $M_7C_3$ carbides, Mo in the $M_2C$ carbides, and Fe in the matrix.

• 복식
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• 제35권
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• pp.305-324
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine aesthetic effects of face type and necklines of one piece dress one of details in clothes on visual evaluation. For this study two set of stages were processed. At first stage data were collected from female college students in Kwang Ju.Chonnam. Subjects between the aged of 18-26 were took pictured of their faces then they were classified into 7 groups That is egg ob-long round square inverted triangle triangle and diamond shapes. At second stage two sets of experimental design were utilized based on the classified face types. A set of design was 5$\times$4 design which involved 5 levels (egg oblong round inverted triangle and diamong shape) of face type and 4 levels(round boat vee and square neckline) of basic neckline. Another set of de-sign also was 5$\times$4 design which involved 5 levels of face type and 4 levels of modified neckline. As experimental treatment the stimulus materials and questionnaires were employed. The qustionnaires were consisted of visual evaluations on the stimulus materials by using semantic differential scale,. The experiments were proceeded through 2 week by 30 subjects composed of gaduate students and staffs in some departments of Clothing and Textiles at college. Data were analyzed by Frequencies Mean Factor Analysis TTest ANOVA and Ducan's Multiple Range Test. The major results were as followed: 1. There were significant aesthetic effects of face type on visual evaluations, Especially egg and inverted triangle shape among the face types were evaluated more aesthetic than the other face shapes. 2. There were signifiant aesthetic effects of the neckline types on visual evaluations, Es-pecially vee neckline among necklines were more aesthetic than the other necklines,. 3. As compared with the basic neckline types and the modified neckline types the modified necklines were assessed more aes-thetically than the basic necklines. 4, The face type and he neckline type were influenced interactively on visual evauations Specifically it showed that oblong round and diamond shape of face type were matched to vee neckline more than the other necklines, Also it showed that the egg and inverted tri-angle shape wee matched to round vee and squre neckline more than boat neckline.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.139-142
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• 2018

Pyrenophoratritici-repentis is the causal agent of tan spot. According to their ability to produce necrosis and/or chlorosis on a set of four differential bread wheats, the isolates of this fungus are currently grouped into eight races. When durum wheat genotypes were added to the differential set, a new virulence type was identified in Algeria. The isolates showing this virulence pattern are unable to attack bread wheat while they cause necrosis in durum genotypes. In this work, characterization of those isolates was based on pathological and molecular aspects. This included inoculation of bread and durum wheat, and virulence gene analysis using PCR and sequencing. The results showed that all isolates caused a resistance on all bread wheats of the differential set, while they produced necrosis in durum. ToxA and ToxB genes were amplified in all isolates, whereas toxb was absent. Sequence analysis for both genes showed no differences with those found in the two functional genes. The presence of two genes, ToxA and ToxB, despite the absence of symptoms usually caused by their products, suggests the existence of a new homologous for these two genes yet unknown. The presence of ToxA in the isolate unable to produce necrosis in Glenlea is reported for the first time.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.150-155
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• 1998

It is necessary to describe a data set after collection of data in elementary statistics course. Two major numerical summary of the data set may be measures of central location and dispersion. There are various unmerical summary methods in presenting how data are dispersed and each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Quartiles are discussed among several methods to describe dispersion of data set. When data type is discrete, exact quartile values are sometimes ambiguous to find, whereas exact quartile values are obtained for contionuous data. Examples of both data types are given. Programs listed below may be used to provide quartiles in MINITAB and SAS.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1979

한 쌍의 slater type orbitals에 대한 two overlap integrals을 계산하는 방법이 Mulliken등에 의하여 발전되었다. 이 방법으로 two center integrals을 계산하기 위해서는 한쌍의 Slater type orbital,에 대한 극좌표들 타원좌표로 변환해야한다. 두 점에 위치한 Slater type orbital을 공통좌표상에 전개시키는 새로운 방법 즉 spherical harmonics의 전개방법이 two center overlap integrals, 을 계산하는데 응용되었다. 이 새로운 방법에서는 Slater type orbitals, 을 기준점에 대해 전개시키는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 two center overlap integral을 계산하기 위한 spherical harmonics 전개방법을 $|3s{\g}$, $|5s{\g}$및 $|5s{\g}$에 까지 확장시켰다. 이들 원자궤도함수의 전개식을 사용하여 two center overlap integrals의 기본식을 유도하였으며, 이 기본식을 사용하여 가상적인 NO 분자에 대한 two cunter overlap integrals의 계산값이 이미 보고된 값과 일치하였다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2009년 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.223-227
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• 2009

In the present study, a least square weighted residual method and Taylor-Galerkin method were formulated and tested for the discretization of the two hyperbolic type equations of level set method; advection and reinitialization equations. The two approaches were compared by solving a time reversed vortex flow and three-dimensional broken dam flow by employing a four-step splitting finite element method for the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. From the numerical experiments, it was shown that the least square method is more accurate and conservative than Taylor-Galerkin method and both methods are approximately first order accurate when both advection and reinitialization phase are involved in the evolution of free surface.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2022

The undrained shear strength of soil is considered one of the engineering parameters of utmost significance in geotechnical design methods. In-situ experiments like cone penetration tests (CPT) have been used in the last several years to estimate the undrained shear strength depending on the characteristics of the soil. Nevertheless, the majority of these techniques rely on correlation presumptions, which may lead to uneven accuracy. This research's general aim is to extend a new united soft computing model, which is a combination of random forest (RF) with grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) to the pile set-up parameters' better approximation from CPT, based on two different types of data as inputs. Data type 1 contains pile parameters, and data type 2 consists of soil properties. The contribution of this article is that hybrid GOA - RF for the first time, was suggested to forecast the pile set-up parameter from CPT. In order to do this, CPT data and related bore log data were gathered from 70 various locations across Louisiana. With an R² greater than 0.9098, which denotes the permissible relationship between measured and anticipated values, the results demonstrated that both models perform well in forecasting the set-up parameter. It is comprehensible that, in the training and testing step, the model with data type 2 has finer capability than the model using data type 1, with R² and RMSE are 0.9272 and 0.0305 for the training step and 0.9182 and 0.0415 for the testing step. All in all, the models' results depict that the A parameter could be forecasted with adequate precision from the CPT data with the usage of hybrid GOA - RF models. However, the RF model with soil features as input parameters results in a finer commentary of pile set-up parameters.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.225-237
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• 2016

In conventional transportation problem (TP), all the parameters are always certain. But, many of the real life situations in industry or organization, the parameters (supply, demand and cost) of the TP are not precise which are imprecise in nature in different factors like the market condition, variations in rates of diesel, traffic jams, weather in hilly areas, capacity of men and machine, long power cut, labourer's over time work, unexpected failures in machine, seasonal changes and many more. To counter these problems, depending on the nature of the parameters, the TP is classified into two categories namely type-2 and type-4 fuzzy transportation problems (FTPs) under uncertain environment and formulates the problem and utilizes the trapezoidal fuzzy number (TrFN) to solve the TP. The existing ranking procedure of Liou and Wang (1992) is used to transform the type-2 and type-4 FTPs into a crisp one so that the conventional method may be applied to solve the TP. Moreover, the solution procedure differs from TP to type-2 and type-4 FTPs in allocation step only. Therefore a simple and efficient method denoted by PSK (P. Senthil Kumar) method is proposed to obtain an optimal solution in terms of TrFNs. From this fuzzy solution, the decision maker (DM) can decide the level of acceptance for the transportation cost or profit. Thus, the major applications of fuzzy set theory are widely used in areas such as inventory control, communication network, aggregate planning, employment scheduling, and personnel assignment and so on.