• 제목/요약/키워드: Two-scale Synthesis

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일차원 패치 학습을 이용한 고속 내용 기반 보간 기법 (Fast Content Adaptive Interpolation Algorithm Using One-Dimensional Patch-Based Learning)

  • 강영욱;정신철;송병철
    • 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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    • 제48권1호
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    • pp.54-63
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    • 2011
  • 본 논문은 저해상도 입력 영상을 고해상도 영상으로 복원하는 고속 학습기반 보간 기법을 제안한다. 일반적인 학습기반 초고해상도 기법은 여러 종류의 저해상도 영상과 고해상도 영상의 상관성을 통해 고주파 정보를 사전에 학습하고, 합성 단계에서 학습한 정보를 이용해 임의의 저해상도 영상을 고해상도 영상으로 복원한다. 이런 기존 학습기반 초 고해상도 기법은 방대한 양의 학습된 정보를 메모리에 저장해야만 하는 단점이 있을 뿐만 아니라 이차원 블록 단위 정합 과정을 거쳐야 하기 때문에 상당한 연산량이 요구된다. 이러한 문제점을 보완하기 위해 본 논문은 일차원 패치 단위 학습을 통해 학습 정보 저장용 메모리 크기 및 연산량을 크게 줄이는 기법을 제안한다. 실험 결과에 따르면, 제안한 기법은 전통적인 bicubic 보간 기법보다 평균 0.7dB 정도 높은 PSNR을 보이며, SSIM도 평균 0.01이상 향상되는 결과를 보인다.

Novel 5-Fluorouracil Derivatives: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 2-Butoxy-4-Substituted 5-Fluoropyrimidines

  • Sun, Jian;Zhang, Shi-Jie;Li, Hai-Bo;Zhou, Wei;Hu, Wei-Xiao;Shan, Shang
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.1349-1354
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    • 2013
  • Twenty two new 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) derivatives, 2-butoxy-4-substituted 5-fluoropyrimidines, were synthesized and characterized by IR, $^1H$ NMR, MS, HRMS. All compounds were preliminarily evaluated by MTT assay on human liver BEL-7402 cancer cell line in vitro. Ten compounds were selected to test their cytotoxic activity against A549, HL-60 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines in vitro. These compounds were more sensitive to BEL-7402 than other cell lines, particularly, cytotoxic activity of compounds 6b, 6d-f, 6p, 6s-u were in sub-micromolar scale. The highest cytotoxic potency against A549, HL-60 and MCF-7 was shown by 2-butoxy-4-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidine (5) with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.10, 1.66 and $0.59{\mu}M$, respectively. Compounds 6d and 6e were effective against MCF-7 with $IC_{50}$ $9.73{\mu}M$ and HL-60 with $IC_{50}$ $8.83{\mu}M$, respectively.

HI LINEWIDTHS, ROTATION VELOCITIES AND THE TULLY-FISHER RELATION

  • Rhee, Myung-Hyun;Broeils, Adrick H.
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.89-112
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    • 2005
  • We determine the rotation velocities of 108 spiral and irregular galaxies (XV-Sample) from first-order rotation curves from position-velocity maps, based on short 21-cm observations with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). To test the usual random motion corrections, we compare the global HI linewidths and the rotation velocities, obtained from kinematical fits to two-dimensional velocity fields for a sample of 28 galaxies (RC-Sample), and find that the most frequently used correction formulae (Tully & Fouque 1985) are not very satisfactory. The rotation velocity parameter (the random-motion corrected HI linewidth: W?), derived with these corrections, may be statistically equal to two times the true rotation velocity, but in individual cases the differences can be large. We analyse, for both RC- and XV-Samples, the dependence of the slope of, and scatter in the Tully-Fisher relation on the definition of the rotation velocity parameters- For the RC-Sample, we find that the scatter in the Tully-Fisher relation can be reduced considerably when the rotation velocities derived from rotation curves are used instead of the random-motion corrected global H I linewidths. No such reduction in the scatter is seen for XV-Sample. We conclude that the reduction of the scatter in the Tully-Fisher relation seems to be related to the use of two-dimensional velocity information: accurate rotation velocity and kinematical inclination.

Vapor Deposition Techniques for Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

  • Song, Jeong-Gyu;Park, Kyunam;Park, Jusang;Kim, Hyungjun
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제45권3호
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    • pp.119-125
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    • 2015
  • Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted significant attention due to their unique and exotic properties attributed to their low dimensionality. In particular, semiconducting 2D TMDCs such as $MoS_2$, $WS_2$, $MoSe_2$, and $WSe_2$ have been demonstrated to be feasible for various advanced electronic and optical applications. In these regards, process to synthesize high quality 2D TMDCs layers with high reliability, wafer-scale uniformity, controllable layer number and excellent electronic properties is essential in order to use 2D TMDCs in practical applications. Vapor deposition techniques, such as physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition, could be promising processes to produce high quality 2D TMDCs due to high purity, thickness controllability and thickness uniformity. In this article, we briefly review recent research trend on vapor deposition techniques to synthesize 2D TMDCs.

Synthesis of Graphene on Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Low Pressure Chemical Vapor

  • Han, Jae-Hyun;Yeo, Jong-Souk
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.391-392
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    • 2012
  • Graphene is a perfectly two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystal which consists of sp2 bonded carbon atoms like a honeycomb lattice. With its unique structure, graphene provides outstanding electrical, mechanical, and optical properties, thus enabling wide variety of applications including a strong potential to extend the technology beyond the conventional Si based electronic materials. Currently, the widespread application for electrostatically switchable devices is limited by its characteristic of zero-energy gap and complex process in its synthesis. Several groups have investigated nanoribbon, strained, or nanomeshed graphenes to induce a band gap. Among various techniques to synthesize graphene, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is suited to make relatively large scale growth of graphene layers. Direct growth of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) using CVD has gained much attention as the atomically smooth surface, relatively small lattice mismatch (~1.7%) of h-BN provides good quality graphene with high mobility. In addition, induced band gap of graphene on h-BN has been demonstrated to a meaningful value about ~0.5 eV.[1] In this paper, we report the synthesis of grpahene / h-BN bilayer in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process by controlling the gas flux ratio and deposition rate with temperature. The h-BN (99.99%) substrate, pure Ar as carrier gas, and $CH_4$ are used to grow graphene. The number of graphene layer grown on the h-BN tends to be proportional to growth time and $CH_4$ gas flow rate. Epitaxially grown graphene on h-BN are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy.

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템플레이트의 국소 위치에 형성된 전도성 고분자 미세구조물의 전기화학 합성 (Electrochemical Template Synthesis of Conducting Polymer Microstructures at Addressed Positions)

  • 이승현;서수정;윤금희;손용근
    • 전기화학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.100-107
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    • 2004
  • 다공성 멤브레인 필터를 템플레이트로 이용하여 전도성 고분자를 중합하면 템플레이트의 형태대로 나노 또는 마이크로 사이즈의 전도성 고분자 구조물을 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 전기화학 중합법을 템플레이트 합성 과정에 이용하여 전극에 고착된 전도성 고분자 미세 구조물을 얻었다. 이 전기화학 템플레이트 합성 방법에서의 관건은 플라스틱 템플레이트를 ITO 또는 금속 전극위에 부착시키는 일이다, 이 때 전극은 전기화학 특성을 보지하여야 한다 이를 위하여 PEDiTT(poly-3,4-ethylenedithiathiophene) 용액과 PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) 용액을 블랜딩히여 얻은 복합체(composite)를 접착제로 이용하여 다공성 멤브레인 필터를 전극에 부착시켜 템플레이트 전극을 제작하였다. 이 전극을 피롤농도가 0.5M인 중합용액에 넣은 후 전해반응으로 템플레이트의 기공 안으로 폴리피롤이 합성되도록 하였다. 폴리피를 형성여부를 확인하기 위하여 템플레이트의 제거 전과 후의 전극 모습을 SEM이미지로 얻어서 확인하였다 또한 순환전압전류댑으로 전류 곡선을 얻어 확인하였다. 비교적 면적이 큰 작업 전극과 매우 작은 미소전극을 상대전극으로 구성한 전해 중합계를 이용하여 큰 작업 전극의 국소 부분에만 전도성 고분자의 전해중합을 시도하였다. 이를 위하여 마이크로 크기의 전극을 상대전극(Counter Electrode)으로, 그리고 템플레이트가 부착된 전극을 작업 전극(Working Electrode)으로 하는 2전극계를 구성하여 이용하였다. 이 전해계를 이용하여 얻은 미세구조물은 템플레이트의 동공 크기와 같은 크기로 성장하였고 형태는 튜브나 막대기 형태를 보였다. 특히 상대전극의 위치를 조정하여 원하는 위치에 튜브형태의 미세구조물을 합성하였다. 최종 합성조건으로는 $250{\mu}m$ 전극은 인가전위 4V로 100초간 중합시간, 그리고 $10{\mu}m$전극의 경우는 인가 전위 6V에 시간은 30초 동안 중합할 때 고분자가 멤브레인 동공 밖으로 넘쳐나지 않는 만큼 성장함을 알았다.

Bioprocess Considerations for Production of Secondary Metabolites by Plant Cell Suspension Cultures

  • Chattopadhyay, Saurabh;Farkya, Sunita;Srivastava, Ashok K.;Bisaria, Virendra
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.138-149
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    • 2002
  • Plant cell culture provides a viable alternative over whole plant cultivation for the production of secondary metabolites. In order to successfully cultivate the plant cells at large scale, several engineering parameters such as, cell aggregation, mixing, aeration, and shear sensitivity are taken into account for selection of a suitable bioreactor. The media ingredients, their concentrations and the environmental factors are optimized for maximal synthesis of a desired metabolite. Increased productivity in a bioreactor can be achieved by selection of a proper cultivation strategy (batch, fed-batch, two-stage etc.), feeding of metabolic precursors and extraction of intracellular metabolites. Proper understanding and rigorous analysis of these parameters would pave the way towards the successful commercialization of plant cell bioprocesses.

방사선을 이용한 유착 방지용 수화겔 합성기술 개발 (Synthesis of Hydrogels for Prevention of Surgical Adhesions by Irradiation)

  • 노영창
    • 동위원소회보
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.46-54
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    • 2006
  • Biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogels based on carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) and polyethyleneglycol(PEG) were prepared far physical barriers for preventing surgical adhesions. These interpolymeric hydrogels were synthesized by a gamma irradiation crosslinking technique. The 1Scmxl.Scm of cecal serosa and adjacent abdominal wail were abraded with bane burr until tbe serosal surface was disrupted and hemorrhagic but not perforated. and the serosa of tbe cecum was sutured to the abdominal wall in 5mm apart from the injured sire. The denuded cecum was covered with either CMC/PEG hydrogels or solution from CMC/PEG hydrogel. Control rat serosa was not covered. Two weeks later. the rats were sacrificed and adhesion was scored on a 0-5 scale. No treatment showed the significantly higher incidence of adhesions than either CMC/BEC hydrogels or solution from CMC/PEG hydrogel. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that CMC/BEG hydrogels have a function of prevention of intra abdominal adhesion in a rat model.

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평가와 교육과정 및 교수방법의 일관성에 관한 연구: 연구의 종합 (A Study on Alignment of Assessment with Curriculum and Instruction in Mathematics Education : A Synthesis of Research)

  • Oh Young Youl
    • 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.107-122
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 최근 수하 교육 개혁 운동에서 중요한 이슈가 되고 있는 교육 과정, 교육 방법, 그리고 평가 사이의 상호 일관성(alignment)의 필요성을 이론적으로 고찰하는데 그 목적이 있다. 특히, 최근의 수학 교육의 흐름에 비추어서 교실 환경에서의 평가와 국가 수준의 평가의 시각에서 교육 과정과 교육 방법과의 일관성에 대해 논의하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 학생들의 수학 학습에 대한 평가는 다양한 방법을 활용하여 수업과 통합적으로 이루어져야 한다는 것을 말해주고 있다. 특히, CGI와 QUASAR에서 적용된 평가 모델은 평가가 어떻게 교육 과정 및 교육 방법과 일관성을 이루면서 효율적으로 이루어질 수 있는지를 보며준다. 국가수준의 평가에 대한 연구 결과는 과거에 사용된 대다수의 이러한 종류의 평가들이 표준화 검사를 적용함으로써 많은 문제점들을 내포하고 있었음을 지적차고 있다. 특히, 평가 문항과 교육 내용 및 교육 방법과의 불일치성의 예들은 국가수준의 평가의 타당성 및 그 환용에 대해 받은 우려를 포함하고 있으며 표준화 검사는 그 대표적인 예라고 할 수 있다. 결론적으로, 수학교육 개혁의 핵심 과제인 수업 관행의 질적 개선을 위해서는 평가의 효율적인 활용이 필수적이라고 판단되며 이를 위해서는 평가와 교육과정 및 교육 방법과의 일관성은 그 전제조건이라고 할 수 있을 것이다.

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Isolation, Purification, and Identification of Taxol and Related Taxanes from Taxol-Producing Fungus Aspergillus niger subsp. taxi

  • Li, Dan;Fu, Dongwei;Zhang, Yue;Ma, Xueling;Gao, Liguo;Wang, Xiaohua;Zhou, Dongpo;Zhao, Kai
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제27권8호
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    • pp.1379-1385
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    • 2017
  • The content of taxol in the bark of yews is very low, and this is not affordable from the environmental point of view. Thus, it is a necessity to look for alternative sources of taxol production to solve its supply. Currently, a large portion of the taxol in the market comes from chemical semi-synthesis, but the semi-synthetic precursors such as baccatin III and 10-deacetyl-baccatin III are extracted from needles and twigs of yew trees. Taxol-producing fungi as a renewable resource is a very promising way to increase the scale of taxol production. Our group has obtained a taxol-producing endophytic fungus, Aspergillus niger subsp. taxi HD86-9, to examine if A. niger can produce the taxanes. Six compounds from the fermentation broth of strain HD86-9 were isolated and identified by $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, and ESI-MS. The results showed that the six compounds included four taxane diterpenoids (taxol, cephalomannine, baccatin III, and 10-deacetyl-baccatin III) and two non-taxane compounds (${\beta}-sitosterol$ and flavonoid isovitexin). The study verified that the taxanes can be produced by the A. niger, which is very important to taxol production via chemical semi-synthesis. Additionally, the finding is potentially very significant to solve the taxol semi-synthetic precursors extracted from needles and twigs of yew trees, and the precursor production can be easily increased through the culture condition optimization, genetic breeding, and metabolic engineering of the A. niger.