• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.217-232
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• 2017

An Eulerian-Lagrangian hybrid modeling system to analyze physical and chemical processes during the transport of air parcels was developed. The Backward-tracking Model Analyzer (BMA) was designed to take advantages of both Eulerian and Lagrangian modeling approaches. Simulated trajectories from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration HYSPLIT model were combined with the US Environmental Protection Agency Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ)-simulated concentrations and additional diagnostic analyses. In this study, we first introduced a generalized methodology to seamlessly match polylines (HYSPLIT) and threedimensional polygons (CMAQ), which enables mass-conservative analyses of physio-chemical processes of transporting air parcels. Two applications of the BMA were conducted: (1) a long-range transport case of pollutant plume across the Yellow Sea using CMAQ Integrated Process Rate analyses, and (2) a domestic circulation of pollutants within (and near) the South Korea based on the sulfate tracking analyzer. The first episode demonstrated a secondary formation of nitrate and ammonium during the transport over the Yellow Sea while sulfate is mostly transported after being formed over the China, and the second episode demonstrated a dominant impact of boundary condition with active sulfate formation from gas-phase oxidation near the Seoul Metropolitan Area.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1997

Vertical profiles of dissolved Cu and Ni at the upper 400 m water layer have been determined at two stations in the central East Sea in October 1995. This is the first report on the vertical distribution of trace metals in Korea. Copper concentrations are in the range of 2.1~5.8 nmol/kg and 1.6~2.4 nmol/kg for stations S and N, respectively. The vertical profile of Cu at S is found a scavenging type (i.e., drastic decrease with increasing depth). Concentrations of Ni range from 4.3 to 7.1 nmol/kg and from 3.4 to 5.4 nmol/kg for stations Sand N, respectively. At station S, Ni is best correlated with phosphate, but not at stations N. Such difference between two stations are probably due to their different vertical distribution of water masses. Station S has a strongly stratified water column with 6 distinct water masses, but station N with a well-mixed subsurface water layer extending from 50 to 300 m depth. Extremely low salinity (31.87~31.96 psu) found at the surface water of station S was interpreted as a result of the Yangtze River effluents which were probably fed into the East Sea through the Korea Strait during the late summer. Such seasonal appearance of low salinity in southern part of the East Sea was reported previously. The concentrations of Cu and Ni at two sites are comparable to those reported in the North Pacific. It was found that Ni mostly exist as dissolved phase.