• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.517-523
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• 2011

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are treatedwith surgical reconstruction. Although ACL consists of two functional bundles, only the anteromedial bundle is surgically reconstructed, and the effect of the reconstruction of the posterolateral bundle is unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the posterolateral bundle and the effect of double-bundle reconstruction during single-leg landing. A 3D dynamic knee with various ACL reconstructed models was created using MRI, and single-leg landing motion was simulated using in-vivo human experimental data. The results showed that the lateral shift of the tibial insertion of the anteromedial bundle and the posterolateral bundle of the ACL constrain the tibial internal rotation more efficiently than a single anteromedial bundle can. In addition, double-bundle ACL reconstruction is less sensitive to inaccuracies in the tibial tunnel placement.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.543-548
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• 2022

Microvascular reconstruction frequently requires anastomosis outside of the zone of injury for successful reconstruction. Multiple options exist for pedicle lengthening including vein grafts, arteriovenous loops, and arteriovenous bundle interposition grafts. The authors performed a systematic review of arteriovenous bundle interposition grafts to elucidate indications and outcomes of arteriovenous grafts in microvascular reconstruction. A systematic review of the literature was performed using targeted keywords. Data extraction was performed by two independent authors, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze pooled data. Forty-four patients underwent pedicle lengthening with an arteriovenous graft from the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Most common indications for flap reconstruction were malignancy (n = 12), trauma (n = 7), and diabetic ulceration (n = 4). The most commonly used free flap was the anterolateral thigh flap (n = 18). There were five complications, with one resulting in flap loss. Arteriovenous bundle interposition grafts are a viable option for pedicle lengthening when free flap distant anastomosis is required. The descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery may be used for a variety of defects and can be used in conjunction with fasciocutaneous, osteocutaneous, muscle, and chimeric free flaps.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2007

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to report surgical technique of double bundle anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction and to compare the short-term clinical results between arthroscopic single-bundle and double-bundle ACL reconstruction. Materials and Methods: From May 2005 to May 2006, ninety-eight patients were underwent ACL reconstruction. We designed prospective study with sixty-one patients who were revealed isolated ACL injury. We serially checked clinical and radiologic data preoperatively and postoperatively. We compared single-bundle with double-bundle ACL reconstruction patients with preoperative datas and postoperatively 1-year data. There were 30 single bundle reconstruction and 31 double bundle reconstruction. Stability was assessed objectively by anterior stress radiographs with the $Telos^{(R)}$ device and the maximal manual test with the KT-2000 arthrometer. The clinical results were assessed by IKDC(International Knee Documentation Committee) and OAK(Orthopadische Arbeitsgruppe Knie) scores. Also, we evaluated postoperative thigh circumference and range of motion. All of operations were done by only one surgeon. Results: At single-bundle reconstruction group, preoperative AP instability which was checked by $Telos^{(R)}$ device and the maximal manual test with the KT-2000 arthrometer was $7.9{\pm}3.3$ and $7.4{\pm}2.0$, respectively. At double-bundle reconstruction group, it was $8.3{\pm}3.5$ and $7.9{\pm}3.2$, respectively. Residual AP laxity checked at 1 year after operation was $1.9{\pm}1.2$ and $2.2{\pm}1.6$ in single-bundle reconstruction group, and $1.1{\pm}0.9$ and $1.0{\pm}1.0$ in double-bundle reconstruction group. So, double-bundle reconstruction had better results in both anterior stress radiographs with the $Telos^{(R)}$ device and the maximal manual test with the KT-2000 arthrometer, and there were significant differences in statistics. But, clinical results such as IKDC(International Knee Documentation Committee) scores, OAK(Orthopadische Arbeitsgruppe Knie) scores, thigh circumference and range of motion had no significant difference between two groups. Conclusions: On the basis of stability, the side-to-side anterior laxity of double-bundle ACL reconstruction was significantly better than that of single-bundle reconstruction, although there were no significant differences in the other clinical measures among them.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the postoperative knee stability and functional scores between single- and double- bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction at a minimum 2 years follow-up. Materials and Methods: 56 patients (group T) with ACL injury in one knee were recruited with 27 allocated to the double bundle ACL reconstruction group (group D) and 29 to the single bundle ACL reconstruction group (group S). Clinical outcomes including Lysholm knee scores, Tegner activity scores, Lachman and pivot shift test results, and radiographic stabilities were also compared between two groups. Results: Clinical outcomes including Lysholm knee and Tegner activity scores were similar in the two groups at 2 years follow-up. Furthermore, stability results of Lachman test, pivot shift test, and radiological findings failed to reveal any significant inter-group differences. Conclusion: Double bundle ACL reconstruction does not produce better in clinical outcomes and postoperative stabilities.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of the two-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with single femoral tunnel and tibialis anterior tendon allograft and to determine any functional advantages. Materials and Methods: From June 2006 to March 2008, we performed single femoral tunnel and two-bundle ACL reconstruction with tibialis anterior tendon allograft in 26 cases. Mean age was 35.5 years. 20 cases were male and 6 cases were female. Average follow-up period was 2 years and 5 months, range from 1 year to 3 years and 5 months. Subjective and objective parameters were utilized in analyses, such as the mean range of motion, Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity score, Lachman test and IKDC score. Results: Postoperative mean Lysholm knee score, IKDC Evaluation Form, Tegner activity scale, Pivot shift test, and anterior displacement by the Telos stress test demonstrated statistically significant differences compared to the preoperative. Conclusion: Two-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with single femoral tunnel showed good clinical results and was good operative technique.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

In this paper we present (1) analysis of imaging sonar measurement for two-view relative pose estimation of an autonomous vehicle and (2) bundle adjustment and 3D reconstruction method using imaging sonar. Sonar has been a popular sensor for underwater application due to its robustness to water turbidity and visibility in water medium. While vision based motion estimation has been applied to many ground vehicles for motion estimation and 3D reconstruction, imaging sonar addresses challenges in relative sensor frame motion. We focus on the fact that the sonar measurement inherently poses ambiguity in its measurement. This paper illustrates the source of the ambiguity in sonar measurements and summarizes assumptions for sonar based robot navigation. For validation, we synthetically generated underwater seafloor with varying complexity to analyze the error in the motion estimation.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the knee joint after double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with three-dimensional (3D) isotropic magnetic resonance (MR) image, and to directly compare the ACL graft findings on 3D MR with the clinical results. Materials and Methods: From January 2009 to December 2014, we retrospectively reviewed MRIs of 39 patients who had reconstructed ACL with double bundle technique. The subjects were examined using 3D isotropic proton-density sequence and routine two-dimensional (2D) sequence on 3.0T scanner. The MR images were qualitatively evaluated for the intraarticular curvature, graft tear, bony impingement, intraosseous tunnel cyst, and synovitis of anteromedial and posterolateral bundles (AMB, PLB). In addition anterior tibial translation, PCL angle, PCL ratio were quantitatively measured. KT arthrometric values were reviewed for anterior tibial translation as positive or negative. The second look arthroscopy results including tear and laxity were reviewed. Results: Significant correlations were found between an AMB tear on 3D-isotropic proton density MR images and arthroscopic proven AMB tear or laxity (P < 0.05). Also, a significant correlation was observed between increased PCL ratio on 3D isotropic MRI and the arthroscopic findings such as tear, laxities of grafts (P < 0.05). KT arthrometric results were found to be significantly correlated with AMB tears (P < 0.05) and tibial tunnel cysts (P < 0.05). Conclusion: An AMB tear on 3D-isotropic MRI was correlated with arthroscopic results qualitatively and quantitatively. 3D isotropic MRI findings can aid the evaluation of ACL grafts after double bundle reconstruction.

• 대한관절경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.130-130
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• 2009

• Knee surgery & related research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.348-355
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effects of using anatomical bony landmarks (Parsons' knob and the medial intercondylar ridge) and minimal ablation of the tibial footprint to improve knee anterior instability and synovial graft coverage after double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective comparison of outcomes between patients who underwent reconstruction with minimal ablation of the tibial footprint, using an anatomical tibial bony landmark technique, and those who underwent reconstruction with wide ablation of the tibial footprint. Differences between the two groups were evaluated using second-look arthroscopy, radiological assessment of the tunnel position, postoperative anterior knee joint laxity, and clinical outcomes. Results: Use of the anatomical reference and minimal ablation of the tibial footprint resulted in a more anterior positioning of the tibial tunnel, with greater synovial coverage of the graft postoperatively (p=0.01), and improved anterior stability of the knee on second-look arthroscopy. Both groups had comparable clinical outcomes. Conclusions: Use of anatomical tibial bony landmarks that resulted in a more anteromedial tibial tunnel position improved anterior knee laxity, and minimal ablation improved synovial coverage of the graft; however, it did not significantly improve subjective and functional short-term outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2002

Purpose : Preliminary report of the technique and trial of double bundle PCL reconstruction using Achilles allograft. Materials and Methods : From May 1999 to July 2000, 8 cases of PCL insufficient patients were treated with Achilles allograft reconstruction using the double bundle and double femoral tunnel technique. The tibial tunnel was prepared anteromedially. All other combined injuries within the knees were treated accordingly. Minimal follow-up period was 1 year. The results was assessed from the point of function and stability using Lysholm knee score and KT-2000 arthrometer. Results : Up to present follow up. 8 patients showed good sign of recovery with no instability (translation less than 2 mm) except olio that has been grafted-ligament rupture. In addition, none showed any sign of infection nor ROM limitation. Two complications were seen, which one had grafted-bone fracture and the other grafted-ligament rupture. The former occurred during operation and the latter occurred due to improper protection. Conclusion : Presently the follow up period is too short to draw any conclusive opinion but it is essential to select healthy and well sterilized allografts fur successful outcome. Double femoral tunnel technique seems to be more physiologic in PCL reconstruction. With these prerequisites, it seems to be a good alternative to use Achilles allografts fur the reconstruction of PCL. However, a longer follow-up is needed.