• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2007

Two-way specification table for educational objectives proposed by B.S.Bloom, which is useful in reviewing and determining the objectives of instructions, is widely used in schools. However, differences in subject matters and school environments require various types of two-way specification table. Extensible markup language (XML) can be effectively applied for two-way specification table for educational objectives because it is well structured and the content of an XML document can be separated from its presentation. In this paper, the document type definition (DTD) for two-way specification table was designed. An example of XML document and XSL style sheet for the table were also presented. Furthermore, applications of the designed DTD were discussed. It is expected that the proposed DTD can be useful to various applications related to education assesment.

• Journal of Science Education
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.670-690
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze paper and pencil test items of life science I in high school to diagnose problems of the test items developed by teachers, and to provide some implication for better assessment. 690 selection-type items and 162 supply-type items in life science I were collected from 10 general high schools. In the analysis of test items, the ratio of the selection-type item and the supply-type item was 81:19 in the number of items based on item type, while the ratio was 74.4:25.6 in the distribution of marks, indicating that the distribution of marks compared to the number of items was higher in the supply-type items. In the analysis by the Bloom's revised taxonomy of educational objectives, the items of 'conceptual knowledge' in the knowledge and those of 'understanding' in the cognition process were shown most in both the selection-type item and the supply-type item. In the analysis by the science assessment frameworks of NAEA, the items of 'knowledge' were shown 9 times more than those of 'inquiry'. When compared to the level of difficulty presented in the two-way specification table and the percentage of correct answers in the selection-type item, the concurrence was 41.5%. When compared to the ratio of number of items based on the item type of the supply-type items, the short-answer items were 34.0%, the descriptive items were 61.1%, and the drawing items were 4.9%. The drawing items were mainly developed in the unit of 'Cells and Continuity of Life'. When the descriptive items were classified by the acceptance of response, all the items were 'response restricted' type, and the items of 'restricted in content range' type among them were highest. When the items were classified by presentation of data, the items of 'presentation of data' type were highest(65.4%), and when classified by type of question, the items of 'knowledge description' type were highest(80.4%). In conclusion, it is needed to develop items belonging to 'inquiry' area more in the school, and to increase the ratio of the descriptive items, presenting various types of items.