• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제32A권8호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

We have analyzed the reliability of failure models in circuit-switched networks. These models are grid topology circuit-switched networks, and each node transmits a packet to a destination node using a Flooding routing method. We have assumed that the failure of each link and node is independent. We have considered two method to analyze reliability in these models : The Karnaugh Map method and joint probability method. In this two method, we have analyzed the reliability in a small grid topology circuit switched network by a joint probability method, and comared analytic results with simulated ones. For a large grid enormous. So, we have evaluated the reliability of the network by computer simulation techniques. As results, we have found that the analytic results are very close to simulated ones in a small grid topology circuit switched network. And, we have found that network reliability decreases exponentially, according to increment of link or node failure, and network reliability is almost linearly decreased according to increment of the number of links, by which call has passed. Finally, we have found an interesting result that nodes in a center of the network are superior to the other nodes from the reliability point of view.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2013

Purpose: To study inter- and intra-observer reliabilities of computerized measurements of the angular parameters of hallux valgus deformity, using two different kinds of software tools for angle measurement on the digital radiography. Materials and Methods: On 35 digital radiographies of standing foot anteroposterior view of hallux valgus, two observers (A, B) independently measured hallux valgus angle (HVA) and 1-2 intermetatarsal angle ($IMA_{1-2}$) twice, using two methods. In method I, an angle was determined from duplicated lines to longitudinal axes made for bisecting line on the target bones with software tool. In method II, an angle was calculated automatically and directly from bisecting lines (longitudinal axes) made on the target bones. We compared two methods using paired t-test to determine significance of differences. Inter- and intraobserver reliabilities were evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: There were no significant differences between measurements of method I and II for each observer (p>0.05) and intraobserver reliability were good. (ICC>0.9) Inter-observer reliability for method I and II was good of the HVA (ICCs, 0.912 and 0.905) and moderate of the $IMA_{1-2}$ (ICCs, 0.505 and 0.537). There were interobserver differences in HVA of method I and II. Conclusion: No significant difference was found statistically between measurements of method I and II. Both methods I and II would be acceptable to measure angular parameters of hallux valgus deformity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.203-216
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• 1999

A previously proposed finite element formulation method is refined and modified to generate a new type of elements. The method is based on selecting a set of general solution modes for element formulation. The constant strain modes and higher order modes are selected and the formulation method is designed to ensure that the element will pass the basic single element test, which in turn ensures the passage of the basic patch test. If the element is to pass the higher order patch test also, the element stiffness matrix is in general asymmetric. The element stiffness matrix depends only on a nodal displacement matrix and a nodal force matrix. A symmetric stiffness matrix can be obtained by either modifying the nodal displacement matrix or the nodal force matrix. It is shown that both modifications lead to the same new element, which is demonstrated through numerical examples to be more robust than an assumed stress hybrid element in plane stress application. The method of formulation can also be used to arrive at the conforming displacement and hybrid stress formulations. The convergence of the latter two is explained from the point of view of the proposed method.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1026-1029
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• 2003

There are always some errors in force sensing of multi-axis force sensors that aggravate sensor performance. Error sources may be classified mainly in two groups. One is structural error due to inaccuracy of sensor body, and the other is error due to noise signals existing in the sensed information. This paper presents a brief review about the principle of multi-axis force sensors, and then a method that can reduce the effect of noise signals. The method is to read digital signals in computer instead of analog voltage signals. We can eliminate the bad effect of electromagnetic waves emitted from computer and of 60 Hz noise emitted from AC source by the proposed method. The proposed method is investigated through experimental demonstration. The experimental results show the proposed method improves the sensor performance significantly.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.592-598
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• 2007

The fuel charge is getting higher in navigation cost. Therefore, shipowners try to find the method for reducing oil consumption. ESS(Energy Saving System) is one of he method. ESS is the system consisted with two inverters, ESS control unit and monitoring system. Two inverters control two main sea water cooling pumps. In the ESS control Unit, the control algorithm finds optimized point to decrease a power consumption of main sea water cooling pumps. Monitoring system observes ESS not to work improperly. ESS is experimented in the laboratory with real condition and analyzed in every view. After experiment, the result of the experiment shows that the control algorithm works correctly and safely. ESS has a plan to be operated in the ship soon. In that case, additional devices are needed to connect ESS with cooling system of the vessel. So the development of addition device is needed and being studied.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.871-880
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• 2006

Water management treatment of coastal region has been an important problem in Jeju city since the distributions of pipeline of the pumping system made a bad view in coastal region. To solve the problem, we observed the pipelines that are on the surface around the coastal region from Tapdong to Doduhang. From the observations, we found that Todong and Dodu areas were not unsightliness because the all pipelines were located in underground. However, the other areas, such area Yongdam, Handugi, Yongdam fishing village, had a serious problem for the coastal landscape view. To solve the problem, at we estimated coastal land color characteristics of Jeju city based on the observation of the pipelines. The estimated color panel shows that the green, blue and grey colors are a dominant factors of the Jeju coastal region. Based on the color panel, we proposed two methods, that is, one is a short time treatment, the other is a long time one. The short is based on the colour treatment, which is pipeline colour changing into surround natural one. The long time is the construction plan design method. Although the later method was very useful in Jeju island. However, it takes a lot of time and money. Therefore, in the situation, the short time is the better than the long time one.

• 경영과학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2004

As various methodologies for business process analysis and design have been conducted in many organizations by their own ways, those methodologies are not compatible each other. In order to reduce the cost of analysis for organizations. some mapping methods between different methodologies need to be developed. UMM(UN/CEFACT Modeling Methodology) that has an object-oriented point of view. can overcome the limits of existing bottom-up approaches and make it reasonable. It also simplifies the business and administrative procedures. IDEF( Integrated Definition Language) with a structural point of view that has been widely used as a system analysis and design method, needs to be mapped to UMM in order to reuse the existing IDEF models. In this study, we propose a guideline that deals with procedures of utilizing IDEF models from which we want to derive the UMM models for developing an electronic commerce system including electronic documents exchange. By comparing IDEF and UMM, we analyze the differences between those two methodologies. Based on these differences. we suggest the basic strategies for mapping method from IDEF to UMM. We also propose a mapping guideline that can make UMM results from the modeling results of IDEF. We can take an advantage of the existing IDEF analysis design results when we adopt UMM methodology for electronic business system. Many analysts who are familiar with the IDEF methodology can develop UMM work-flow by utilizing their existing results and skills.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to understand the relationship between emotional labor and job stress for clinical nurses. Method: The information for this research has been gathered in method of questionnaire for 202 nurses working in a hospital from January 30 to February 10, 2006. Results; The emotional labor for clinical nurses showed 2.43 on a scale of 4 and the job stress showed 49.84 out of 100. The correlation between the emotional labor and job stress showed that the emotional labor was higher, job stress was also higher. The result was that the factors that influenced the emotional labor were health status in a subjective point of view, working department, and the personality. The factors that influence job stress were self-efficacy, working department, and health status in a subjective point of view. Conclusion: The result of the research showed that emotional labor and job stress for clinical nurses were high and the strategy for reduction in those two areas is needed. Especially, diversified plans for job demand and occupational climate in an area of job stress that is correlated to emotional labor will be needed to minimize the emotional labor and job stress.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2013

Objectives Two conflicting readings of "Donguisusebowon" so far have been presented that Sasang Constitutional Medicine inherited the traditional Five Elements theory and that it was a new perspective on its own right. The main purpose of this paper is to review the theoretical ground of Sasang Constitutional Medicine to see whether it has inherited the Traditional Korean Medicine, and show that it had been developed as an original view independent of the Five Elements theory. Methods To do this, I inquired into the theoretical background of Sasang Constitutional Medicine as well as its philosophical premises and its leading ideas. Results and Conclusions As a result, I have found that Sasang Constitutional Medicine is an original medical theory developed in empirical terms on its own right, divorced from the transcendental view of the Five Elements theory, while borrowing some concepts from I-Ching and Neo-Confucianism only for technical tools. In short, Sasang Constitutional Medicine may well be put as calling for a reappraisal of the Han-medical and Confucian accounts of human being, and a transition from speculative method based on the Five Elements theory to a verifiable empirical method. In this vein, my reading of Sasang Constitutional Medicine in empirical perspective may well be appraised as presenting a new way to further inquiries into the theoretical nature of it, and to getting itself across with Western medicine as well.

• 한국정보기술학회 영문논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a traffic accident detection on vehicle-mounted camera. In the proposed method, the minimum bounding box coordinates the central coordinates on the bird's eye view and motion vectors of each vehicle object, and ego-motions of the vehicle equipped with dash-cam are extracted from the dash-cam video. By using extracted 4 kinds features as the input of Bi-LSTM (bidirectional LSTM), the accident probability (score) is predicted. To investigate the effect of each input feature on the probability of an accident, we analyze the performance of the detection the case of using a single feature input and the case of using a combination of features as input, respectively. And in these two cases, different detection models are defined and used. Bi-LSTM is used as a cascade, especially when a combination of the features is used as input. The proposed method shows 76.1% precision and 75.6% recall, which is superior to our previous work.