• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.178.3-178.3
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• 2003

P2X receptors are ligand gated cation channels activated by the binding of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and classified into 7 subtype families. $P2X_1$ receptors are abundantly expressed in smooth muscle mediates blood vessel and mediate constriction upon binding of neuronal ATP. The activation of $P2X_3$ receptor by ATP has been known to initiate the pain signaling in the peripheral nervous system, which is involved in chronic inflammatory nociception and neuropathic pain by nerve injury. (omitted)

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.1818-1827
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 압전평면판에 홈을 파 형성한 (equation omitted)형 선형배열음원과 최적화 알고리즘을 조합한 적응 지향성합성 시스템의 2차원 지향성합성 문제를 수치적으로 검토하였다. 임의로 설정한 목적 지향성을 실현하기 위하여 먼저, 선형배열 진동자의 최적 진동 변위량은 최적화 알고리즘인 DFP (Davidon-Fletcher-Powell) 법을 이용하여 계산하고, 다음에, 계산된 진동 변위량을 구동하기 위한 최적 전위의 계산은 유한요소법과 DFP법을 이용하여 행했다. 또한, 유한요소법을 이용하여 (equation omitted)형 압전 트랜스듀서의 2차원 진동해석을 행했다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2001

본 논문은 뇌운의 접근에 따라 변화하는 대지전장 측정을 위하여 필드 밑을 이용한 대지전장 측정장치의 개발에 관하여 기술하였다. 필드 밀은 두 개의 절연된 전극으로 구성되며, 회전전극과 고정 전극이 있다. 고정도 필드 밀 개발을 위하여 회전형 필드 밀의 원리 및 설계기법에 관하여 연구하였으며, 교정실험장치로 원통형 가드전극계 및 평행평판 전극계의 두 가지 방법을 이용하여 주파수 대역 및 응답감도 특성을 조사하였다. 교정 실험결과로부터 주파수 대역 및 응답감도는 DC ~ 200(Hz), 0.267[mV/V/m]로 얻어졌으며 73[V/m] ~ 18.7[㎸/m] 범위의 대지전장 변화의 측정이 가능하다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.131-151
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• 2011

The electrical conductivity of a soil-water system is related to its engineering properties. By measuring the soil electrical conductivity, one may obtain quantitative, semi-quantitative, or qualitative information to estimate the in-situ soil behavior for site characterization. This paper presents the results of electrical conductivity measured on compacted kaolin clay samples using a circular two-electrode cell in conjunction with a specially designed compaction apparatus, which has the advantage of reducing errors due to sample handling and increasing measurement accuracy. The experimental results are analyzed to observe the effects of various parameters on soil electrical conductivity, i.e. porosity, unit weight, water content and pore water salinity. The performance of existing analytical models for predicting the electrical conductivity of saturated and unsaturated soils is evaluated by calculating empirical constants in these models. It is found that the Rhoades model gives the best fit for the kaolin clay investigated. Two general relationships between the formation factor and soil porosity are established based on the experimental data reported in the literature and measured from this study for saturated soils, which may provide insight for understanding electrical conduction characteristics of soils over a wide range of porosity.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 환경 모니터링을 위한 정전용량형 압력센서를 저온동시소성세라믹 (LTCC) 기술을 이용하여 제작하였다. LTCC 기술은 실리콘 기반의 기술에 비하여 낮은 생산 단가, 높은 수율, 3차원 구조물의 용이한 제작성 등으로 인하여 센서 응용분야에서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있으며, 특히 열악한 외부환경에 적합한 물질이다. 400 ${\mu}m$ 두께 삼차원 구조의 LTCC 다이어프램은 NEG사의 MLS 22C 상용 파우더를 이용하여 100 ${\mu}m$ 두께의 그린쉬트를 적층하고 동시소결하여 제작하였다. 제작한 다이어프램은 공동의 면적에 따른 센싱특성을 평가하기 위하여 각각 25, 49 $mm^2$의 두 종류를 제작하였다. 정전용량형 압력센서를 구현하기 위하여 상부에는 열증착기를 이용하여 Au 금속박막을 증착하였고 하부에는 상용 알루미늄막을 압착하였다. 압력에 따른 센싱특성을 평가하기 위하여 제작된 측정시스템을 이용하여 0~30 psi의 압력을 가변하여 압력센서의 정전용량 변화를 측정한 결과 두 센서 모두에서 선형적인 센싱 특성을 나타냄을 확인하였다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2001

발전소에서 발생되는 석탄회의 재활용을 위해 석탄회 내의 미연탄소를 제거하기 위한 장치를 개발하여 실험을 수행하였다. 석탄회 중 조림 석탄회가 미연탄소 함량이 높으며 또한 마찰에 의해 정전기적으로 석탄회 내의 미연탄소분은 (+)극성을, 순수 회분은 (-)극성을 띠게 된다는 사실에 근거하여 입도 분급 및 정전기적 분리가 동시에 일어날 수 있는 싸이클론 정전분리장치를 설계하였다. 그리고 분급입도를 조절하기 위하여 싸이클론 내에 vane을 설치하였으며 전극의 형태에 따른 영향을 알아보기 위해 막대형 전극과 Ul(쳔 전극을 설계하여 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 막대전극의 경우 미립분의 회수율이 5-10%증가하였으며 grid전극의 경우 약 15%까지 증가하였다. 그러나 미연탄소 함량은 조립분의 경우 전극 설치 전보다 크게 증가하였으나 미립분의 경우 그다지 변하지 않았다. 따라서 본 시료의 경우 전기장을 형성시킴으로써 같은 미연탄소 함유량을 갖는 정제석탄회의 회수율은 크게 증대시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1996년도 The 9th KACG Technical Annual Meeting and the 3rd Korea-Japan EMGS (Electronic Materials Growth Symposium)
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• pp.508-508
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• 1996

;The growth of films have considerable interest in the field of superlattice structured multi-layer epitaxy led to realization of new devices concepts. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) with in situ observation by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is a key technology for controlled layered growth on the atomic scale in oxide crystal thin films. Also, the combination of radical oxygen source and MBE will certainly accelerate the progress of applications of oxides. In this study, the growth process of single crystal films using by MBE method is discussed taking the oxide materials of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu family. Oxidation was provided by a flux density of activated oxygen (oxygen radicals) from an rf-excited discharge. Generation of oxygen radicals is obtained in a specially designed radical sources with different types (coil and electrode types). Molecular oxygen was introduced into a quartz tube through a variable leak valve with mass flowmeter. Corresponding to the oxygen flow rate, the pressure of the system ranged from $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^{-6}{\;}Torr{\;}to{\;}5{\;}{\times}{\;}10^{-5}$ Torr. The base pressure was $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^{-10}$ Torr. The growth of Bi-oxides was achieved by coevaporation of metal elements and oxygen. In this way a Bi-oxide multilayer structure was prepared on a basal-plane MgO or $SrTiO_3$ substrate. The grown films compiled using RHEED patterns during and after the growth. Futher, the exact observation of oxygen radicals with MBE is an important technology for a approach of growth conditions on stoichiometry and perfection on the atomic scale in oxide. The oxidization degree, which is determined and controlled by the number of activated oxygen when using radical sources of two types, are utilized by voltage locked loop (VLL) method. Coil type is suitable for oxygen radical source than electrode type. The relationship between the flux of oxygen radical and the rf power or oxygen partial pressure estimated. The flux of radicals increases as the rf power increases, and indicates to the frequency change having the the value of about $2{\times}10^{14}{\;}atoms{\;}{\cdots}{\;}cm^{-2}{\;}{\cdots}{\;}S^{-I}$ when the oxygen flow rate of 2.0 seem and rf power 150 W.150 W.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.823-829
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• 2004

In this paper, non-self-aligned SiGe HBTs with ${f}_\tau$ and${f}_max $above 50 GHz have been fabricated using an RPCVD(Reduced Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) system for wireless applications. In the proposed structure, in-situ boron doped selective epitaxial growth(BDSEG) and TiSi$_2$ were used for the base electrode to reduce base resistance and in-situ phosphorus doped polysilicon was used for the emitter electrode to reduce emitter resistance. SiGe base profiles and collector design methodology to increase ${f}_\tau$ and${f}_max $ are discussed in detail. Two SiGe HBTs with the collector-emitter breakdown voltages ${BV}_CEO$ of 3 V and 6 V were fabricated using SIC(selective ion-implanted collector) implantation. Fabricated SiGe HBTs have a current gain of 265 ∼ 285 and Early voltage of 102 ∼ 120 V, respectively. For the $1\times{8}_\mu{m}^2$ emitter, a SiGe HBT with ${BV}_CEO$= 6 V shows a cut-off frequency, ${f}_\tau$of 24.3 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency, ${f}_max $of 47.6 GHz at $I_c$of 3.7 mA and$V_CE$ of 4 V. A SiGe HBT with ${BV}_CEO$ = 3 V shows ${f}_\tau$of 50.8 GHz and ${f}_max $ of 52.2 GHz at $I_c$ of 14.7 mA and $V_CE$ of 2 V.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.68-71
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• 2003

전지 성능을 저하시키지 않고 연료극 및 공기극의 귀금속 촉매량을 줄이기 위하여 다층막 전극을 이용한 직접메탄을 연료전지의 성능특성을 조사하였다. 다층막 전극 즉, 연료극과 공기극에 사용된 촉매사용량과 나피온 막의 종류를 변화시키며 최종성능을 측정하였다 본 실험에서 사용된 촉매량은 연료극이 $3-4mg/cm^2$ 공기극이 $1-2mg/cm^2$이다. 본 실험에서는 나피온 115를 사용한 MEA3의 $90^{\circ}C$, 2기압에서 측정 결과 최대 전력밀도인 $230mW/cm^2$를 나타내었다. 이 결과는 현재 시판되고 있는 상용전극과 거의 같은 수준의 성능을 보여주고 있는 반면, 금속 촉매의 양은 기존의 상용전극과 비교하여 약 $50\%$ 정도 감소된 것이다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.67-67
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• 2018

The 5xxx series aluminum alloys are recently used in not only marine system but also automotive area because of a low density material, good mechanical properties and better resistance to corrosion. However, Aluminum alloys are less resistant than the purest aluminum such as 1xxx aluminum alloy. Electrochemical anodization technique has attracted in the area of surface treatment because of a simple procedure, a low-cost efficiency than other techniques such as lithography and a large volume of productivity, and so on. Here, The relationship between the corrosion behavior and the thickness of aluminum anodic oxide have been studied. Prior to anodization, The 5052 aluminum sheets ($30{\times}20{\times}1mm$) were degreased by ultra-sonication in acetone and ethanol for 10 minutes and eletropolished in a mixture of perchloric acid and ethanol (1:4, volume ratio) under an applied potential of 20V for 60 seconds to obtain a regular surface. During anodization process, Aluminum alloy was used as a working electrode and a platinum was used as a counter electrode. The two electrodes were separated at a distance of 5cm. The applied voltage of anodization is conducted at 40V in a 0.3M oxalic acid solution at $0^{\circ}C$ with appropriate magnetic stirring. The surface morphology and the thickness of AAO films was observed with a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The corrosion behavior of all samples was evaluated by an open-circuit potential and potentio-dynamic polarization test in 3.5wt% NaCl solution. Thus, The corrosion resistance of 5052 aluminum alloy is improved by the formation of an anodized oxide film as function of increase anodization time which artificially develops on the metal surface. The detailed electrochemical behavior of aluminum 5052 alloy will be discussed in view of the surface structures modified by anodization conditions such as applied voltages, concentration of electrolyte, and temperature of electrolyte.