• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.768-772
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• 2003

Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80) is a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant commonly used as an ingredient in dosing vehicles for pre-clinical in vivo studies (e.g., pharmacokinetic studies, etc.). Tween 80 increased apical to basolateral permeability of digoxin in Caco-2 cells suggesting that Tween 80 is an in vitro inhibitor of P-gp. The overall objective of the present study was to investigate whether an inhibition of P-gp by Tween 80 can potentially influence in vivo absorption of P-gp substrates by evaluating the effect of Tween 80 on the disposition of digoxin (a model P-gp substrate with minimum metabolism) after oral administration in rats. Rats were dosed orally with digoxin (0.2 mg/kg) formulated in ethanol (40％, v/v) and saline mixture with and without Tween 80 (1 or 10％, v/v). Digoxin oral AUC increased 30 and 61％ when dosed in 1 ％ and 10％ Tween 80, respectively, compared to control (P＜0.05). To further examine whether the increase in digoxin AUC after oral administration of Tween 80 is due, in part, to a systemic inhibition of digoxin excretion in addition to an inhibition of P-gp in the GI tract, a separate group of rats received digoxin intravenously (0.2 mg/kg) and Tween 80 (10％ v/v) orally. No significant changes in digoxin IV AUC was noted when Tween 80 was administered orally. In conclusion, Tween 80 significantly increased digoxin AUC and Cmax after oral administration, and the increased AUC is likely to be due to an inhibition of P-gp in the gut (i.e., improved absorption). Therefore, Tween 80 is likely to improve systemic exposure of P-gp substrates after oral administration. Comparing AUC after oral administration with and without Tween 80 may be a viable strategy in evaluating whether oral absorption of P-gp substrates is potentially limited by P-gp in the gut.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.337-342
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• 2004

A non-ionic surfactant, Tween 80 has been known to exert a number of positive effects on degradative enzymes in in vitro aerobic and anaerobic microbial cultures. An experiment was conducted to examine effects of supplementation of Tween 80 on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility of Hanwoo steers. The experiment was designed as a $3{\times}3$ Latin square with duplication and six Hanwoo steers with rumen cannulae, average weight 497 (SE 61.1) kg. For the experiment the animals were given a basal diet consisting of rice straw and compound feed mixed at 4:6 ratio. The three experimental treatments were (1) the basal diet, supplemented with (2) 5 g/d Tween 80 and (3) 10 g/d Tween 80. Ruminal pH was significantly (p<0.05) affected by Tween 80 supplementation at 6 h after feeding. Increasing supplementation levels of Tween 80 linearly increased the total VFA concentration. CMCase activity by the 10g/d supplementation of Tween 80 were significantly increased (p<0.05) by 24.4% compared with that of control. Digestibility of crude fiber was significantly increased (p<0.05) in Hanwoo steers fed the diet supplemented with 10 g/d Tween 80 compared with those of control, whilst digestibility of ether extract (EE) was linearly increased by increasing Tween 80 supplementation level (p<0.05). In other nutrient components, their digestibilities of Hanwoo fed diets supplemented with Tween 80 tended to increase. It is concluded that Tween 80 has a potential for industrial application as a feed additive to improve ruminant production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1151-1157
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• 2003

The surfactant Tween 80 was evaluated for its ability to influence cumulative gas production, cellulose digestion, and enzyme activities by mixed ruminal microorganisms grown on barley grain or Orchardgrass hay. The addition of Tween 80 at a level of 0.10% significantly (p<0.05) decreased the cumulative gas production rate from both barley grain or Orchardgrass hay substrates. However, 0.05% Tween 80 did not affect gas production rates compared to the control treatment. The addition of 0.05% Tween 80 to cultures growing on barley grain resulted in a significant increase in cellulase (90.01%), xylanase (90.73%) and amylase (487.25%) activities after 30 h incubation. Cultures utilizing Orchardgrass hay had a significant increase in cellulase (124.43%), xylanase (108.86%) and amylase (271.22%) activities after 72 h incubation. These increases in activities were also observed with cultures supplemented with 0.10% Tween 80 throughout all the incubation times tested. These results indicated that the addition of 0.05% Tween 80 could greatly stimulate the release of some of key enzymes without decreasing cell growth rate in contrast to trends reported with aerobic microorganism. Our data indicates potential uses of the surfactant Tween 80 as a feed additive for ruminant animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.684-689
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• 2006

The present study examined the effects of Tween 80 on the attachment and hydrolytic activity of a cellulase enzyme against ball-milled cellulose (BMC), using the whole component (native CBH I) and the catalysis module (core CBH I) of carbohydrolase I purified from Trichoderma viride (Meicelase, Meiji Seika, Tokyo, Japan). The effects were evaluated as protein concentrations in the supernatant after mixing enzyme and substrate with Tween 80 at room temperature. Tween 80 decreased the adsorption of native CBH I and core CBH I onto BMC (p<0.001) and increased the amount of reducing sugars released from BMC by native CBH I (p<0.001). However, Tween 80 did not enhance the hydrolytic activity of core CBH I. Observations using SEM revealed that Tween 80 caused cellulose filter paper to swell and enhanced surface cracks and filaments caused by native CBH I but not by core CBH I. These results suggested that Tween 80 decreases enzyme adsorption to its substrate but enhances enzymatic activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.463-466
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• 2001

The determination of Cd2+ and Cu2+ with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) in Tween 80 micellar media has been studied. The UV-visible spectrum of Cd(PDC)2 complex in Tween 80 media had more sensitivity tha n in chloroform. Although the UV-visible spectrum of the Cu(PDC)2 complex in Tween 80 media had somewhat less sensitivity than that in chloroform, absorbance data of Cu2+ were more reproducible in Tween 80 media. The Cd(PDC)2 and Cu(PDC)2 complexes were very stable at pH 7.0 for up to 100 minutes and could be quantitatively chelated if APDC were added to the sample solution more than 30 times the moles of Cd2+ and Cu2+ . The optimum concentration of Tween 80 was 0.1%. The calibration curves of Cd(PDC)2 and Cu(PDC)2 complexes with good linearity were obtained in 0.1% Tween 80 media. The detection limits of Cd2+ and Cu2+ were 0.0493 ㎍mL-1 and 0.0393 ㎍mL-1 , respectively. Recovery yields of Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions in the spiked real samples were almost 100%. Based on experimental results, this proposed method could be applied to the rapid and simple determination of Cd2+ and Cu2+ in real samples.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1397-1401
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• 2007

An in situ experiment was conducted to find out whether Tween 80 improves rice straw digestion through increased adhesion of major fibrolytic bacteria. Rice straw was sprayed with various levels of Tween 80 non-ionic surfactant or SDS ionic surfactant 24 h before incubation in the rumen of Holstein steers. Dry matter (DM) disappearance and adhesion of F. succinogenes, R. flavefaciens and R. albus on rice straw after in situ incubation were measured by real-time PCR. Application of Tween 80 increased DM disappearance, which was more noticeable at an application level of 1% compared to lower application levels. Application of SDS resulted in an opposite response in DM disappearance with highest reduction in DM disappearance at 1% level. In a subsequent in situ experiment, higher Tween 80 was applied to rice straw in an attempt to find the optimum application level. Tween 80 at 2.5% gave better DM disappearance than 1% with a similar result at 5%. Therefore, an adhesion study was carried out using rice straw treated with 2.5% Tween 80. Our results indicated that Tween 80 reduced adhesion of all three major rumen fibrolytic bacteria to rice straw. Present data clearly show that improved DM disappearance by Tween 80 is not due to increased bacterial adhesion onto substrates.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.207-211
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• 2000

We have studied on the determination of Ni(II) using APDC as a complexing agent in Tween80 micellar medium. The absorption spectrum of Ni(PDC)$_2$ complex in Tween80 medium was better defined and more sensitive than that in chloroform Ni(PDC)$_2$ complex was very stable at pH 7.0 and up to 100 minutes, and could be quantitatively chelated when APDC was added to over 10 times moles of Ni(II). The optimum concentration of Tween80 was 0.1%. The calibration curve of Ni(PDC)$_2$ complex with good linearity(R$^2$=0.9955) was obtained in 0.1% Tween80 medium. The detection limit and the determination limit were 0.09 ${\mu}g$/mL and 0.28 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively. This technique was applied to the analysis of Suwon stream water samples, and about l00% of recoveries were obtained from the spiked samples. Although the formation of Ni(PDC)$_2$ complex was interfered by various metal ions, this technique could be applied to the practical determination of Ni(II).

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 1996

A series of batch and lab-scale continuous tests were conducted to optimize the design parameters for the full-scale in-situ soil flushing experiments. The cleaning abilities of the surfactant solutions of Tween 80, Triton X-100 and SDS were compared for the soil artificially contaminated by hydrophobic organic contaminants: n-dodecane, naphthalene and anthracene. Tween 80 and Triton X-100 were shown to be efficient for n-dodecane. SDS and Tween 80 were shown to be efficient for naphthalene and anthracene. At the end of each column test, the sorbed amount of surfactant to soil was also measured. Tween 80 was found to be the least adsorbed surfactant to soil. The flushing ability at flowrate of 7 ml/min, was hampered comparing to flowrate of 3 and 5 ml/min. Initial pH of the soil did not significantly affect the flushing efficiencies. Tween 80 was determined as the most harmless surfactant for the Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.816-824
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• 2005

The effects of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 and a mixture of fibrolytic enzymes on total tract digestion, in situ disappearance (ISD) and ruminal fermentation characteristics of orchardgrass hay and barley grain were investigated in a 4${\times}$4 Latin square experiment with 4 non-lactating Holstein cows and 4 diets in 4 periods. Cows were offered a total mixed ration of 50% rolled barley grain and 50% orchardgrass hay treated with either 1) water (control), 2) 0.2% (vol/wt) Tween 80, 3) 0.2% (vol/wt) hydrolytic enzyme, or 4) 0.2% hydrolytic enzyme plus 0.2% Tween 80. Total tract digestibility coefficients of DM, nitrogen, NDF and ADF were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatment. Compared to the control, the rate of ISD of DM from orchardgrass hay was faster (p<0.05) in cows receiving diets treated with the enzyme alone or with enzyme plus Tween 80 (0.06/h vs. 0.076 and 0.069/h). The rate of digestion was lower (p<0.05) as compared to control when barley grain was treated with these additives. Ruminal fluid pH and concentrations of total VFA, acetate, isobutyrate and butyrate were not affected (p>0.05) by treatments. Cows that consumed diets treated with enzyme plus Tween 80 had higher (p<0.05) ruminal concentrations of propionate and isovalerate, and lower (p<0.05) acetate:propionate ratios. Compared to the control, microbial protein synthesis tended (p = 0.13) to increase with the addition of enzyme to the diet while nonammonia nitrogen flow to the duodenum increased (p<0.05) with both enzyme and Tween 80 treatments. The study indicated that fibrolytic enzymes alone or in combination with Tween 80 could enhance ISD of orchardgrass hay and ruminal concentrations of propionate, valerate and iso-valerate, but do not affect total tract digestibility.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 1982

The effect of some surfactants, such as tween 40, tween 80, span 80, and triethanolamine, on the absorption of lidocaine was studied using goldfish as a model of absorption kinetics. This model was believed that reciprocal overturn time and death time were the occurrence of biological effect versus drug absorption. The results were as follows; The threshold concentration of lidocaine was significantly reduced by the surfactants. Overturn time and death time of goldfish in the lidocaine solution were reduced by such surfactants as tween 40, tween 80, span 80 and triethanolamine, and more reduced with increasing concentration of surfactants except tween 40 and tween 80. The plots of reciprocal death time versus lidocaine concentration were linear relationship with a positive concentration intercept such as minimum effective concentration (0.2-0.8%). As results it is believed that these surfactants may form complexes with lidocaine or affect the goldfish membrane to make more permeable to lidocaine, which is adsorbed more rapidly.