• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

This study presented a measure for turning by-products, released from land farming sites, into resources. The measure involved adding food by-products such as rice bran and nonfat soybean to the sludge, released from the eel farming sites, inoculating the lactic acid bacteria, Aspergillus oryzae, and Bacillus subtilis by step, fermenting them, and measuring the changed ingredients of the fermented fodder. The water content of the fermented fodder by the step of preparation was the first-step fermented product (14.6%) using the lactic acid bacteria, and the second and third-stage fermented product (33.0% and 34.0% respectively) using Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis. The pH level was found to be 5.38 in the first-step fermented product due to the secretion of lactic acid caused by the lactic acid bacteria, and the pH level of the second and third-stage fermented products was 5.66 and 7.26, respectively, showing that the pH level increased. The phytic acid content was 0.126g/100g in the first-step fermented product, 0.004g/100g in the second-stage fermented product, and 0.093g/100g in the third-stage fermented product. The measurement of nitrogen content revealed that the amino nitrogen content was high with 1226.37mg% in the second-stage fermented product, and a little lower with 710.18mg% in the third-stage fermented product. The ammonium nitrogen content increased from 0.988mg/kg in the first-stage fermented product to 1.502mg/kg in the third-stage fermented product. Total nitrogen content increased to 2.78% in the first-stage fermented product, 4.08% in the second-stage fermented product, and 4.85% in the third-stage fermented product. As fermentation continued with the three microbes, the phytic acid decreased, and the protein decomposition rate increased. Also, due to the 3 step fermentation, the low-molecule nitrogen ingredient content increased, suggesting that the fodder was developed to offer high digestion and absorption.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.234-252
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• 2023

This study looked at the modification of major gardens while making Deoksugung Palace (德壽宮) a park in the Japanese colonial era. This is because landscaping work was carried out in various places from 1932 to 1933 to open Deoksugung Palace, which used to be an imperial palace, as a public recreation space. In particular, major gardens such as the front yard of Seokjojeon Hall (石造殿), the back yard of Hamnyeongjeon Hall (咸寧殿), and the back yard of Jeukjodang Hall (卽阼堂) were greatly transformed into different shapes from the original. During the first phase of construction in 1932, a water tank was installed in Seokjojeon Hall Garden, creating the first water space. This water tank was originally a structure installed in the front yard of Injeongjeon Hall (仁政殿) of Changdeokgung Palace (昌德宮). Around 1909, a water tank installed in the front yard of Injeongjeon Hall was relocated to Seokjojeon Garden in the process of turning Deoksugung Palace into a park. The water tank moved from the front yard of Injeongjeon Hall was a factor that transformed the central area of Seokjojeon Garden into a water space, and a fountain installed to replace the water tank remains to this day. The backyard of Hamnyeongjeon Hall was also renovated into a new shape during the first phase of construction. Originally, there was a terraced flowerbed called Hwagye (花階) in the backyard of Hamyujae Hall (咸有齋) and Hamnyeongjeon Hall, and it was restored from the construction that took place after the Great Fire of Deoksugung Palace. In the process of turning Deoksugung Palace into a park, a three-stage stonework was built in the front yard of Jeonggwanheon Pavilion (靜觀軒) which renovated the Hwagye in the backyard of Hamyujae Hall and Hamnyeongjeon Halll. The stonework built at that time was used as a peony garden to provide visitors with attractions after the opening of Deoksugung Palace, and it remains today with the name Jeonggwanheon's Hwagye. The backyard of the Jeukjodang Hall area is a case of damage in the second phase of construction in 1933. Like the backyard of Hamnyeongjeon Hall, the backyard of Jeukjodang Hall, where the Hwagye was originally built, was converted into a Japanese-style garden in the process of turning Deoksugung Palace into a park. The site where the Hwagye was demolished was decorated with a Japanese-style garden centered on mounding, small roads, and landscaping stones, as well as topographic control and planting work. Although there have been minor changes since liberation, the backyard of the Jeukjodang Hall area is still based on a Japanese-style garden created by turning Deoksugung Palace into a park.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-44
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• 2013

The present study aimed at investigating how Korean housekeeper in midlife revaluate their lives. For this purpose, 14 housekeepers whose youngest child was at least older than high school students were interviewed in a semi-structured retrospective method. The interview was focused on relational, psychological, and economical aspects of the participants before and after marriage each. The interview usually continued one and a half to two hours. The phenomenological method describing personal meaning of experiences was referred to for data analyses by transforming retrospective life story of participants into key meaningful units. According to main retrospective contents of each stage of development, the participants' childhood and adolescence was characterized by familial circumstances, formation of personality and value, and career choice. Main themes of their early adulthood were spouse selection and marriage, marital adaptation, and family relationships. Their midlife focused on children, economic and emotional stability, family relationships, acceptance of their spouse and themselves, and health and religion. Life styles of the participants were analyzed in terms of turning events, meanings of current life, and cumulative effects of life events. These findings were discussed in terms of developmental pattern in relation to the established theory of development.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.335-343
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• 2015

This paper describes a quantitative approach to the BIM-enabled assessment of building circulation by using quantitative data and applying its weight. Assessment of building circulation plays an important role before construction stage because of related requirements regulated by design guide, building codes, etc. and design decision making as well. In this paper, Qualitative issue is mainly dealt with that are usually excluded from rule checking objects due to their implicit definition such as 'comfortable circulation'. A weighting framework is suggested using weighted data of circulation properties such as 1) metric distance, 2) number of passing spaces, 3) number of turning spaces, 4) window area of passing space, etc.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2003

The wave of globalisation initiated by marketisation has increasingly penetrated into all sectors across the world, accordingly, the health & hospital service sector could not be made no escapes, and it currently faces the order of more marketised competition more than ever. Traditionally, the characteristic of the hospital services in the UK has considered as a model of social provision by government. However, contrary to our knowledge, the sphere of the hospital service in the UK has already been immersed in by the marketisation, in which the private actors have been embedded in order to tweak the activities of the hospital service with in the European Union. As the methodology of this research, the qualitative analysis, namely the interview with some doctors in Surgery, NHS Trusts staffs and relevant specialists in has been performed on April to May, 2003. And on the other hand, the various documents related to its service have been analysed. Thus, this paper will review the characteristics of the health service sector in the UK. In doing so, it will illuminate what would be the structural factors derived from its existing system, as a result, it will shed light on how the UK government makes an effort to resolve the problematic situation by reviewing the policy direction of Foundation Hospital proposed recently. In the next stage, it will analyse how all elements consist of the hospital management in the UK has been adjusted and be likely to be changed within Europe. More specifically focuses on how the private hospital service has been managed and related with the activities of its public hospital service-NHS Trusts. Also, under the circumstance, what private health insurance companies function will be studied. In conclusion, it will be concluded that what will be the implication of Korean hospital service market so as to correspond to globally open market by WTO. Now the UK health service system has faced a turning point of becoming more health care market internally and externally pressed by global and regional factors. Thus it is meaningful to scrutinize how a key part of social provision in the health care market system tends to adjust to globally marketised regulation.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.430-436
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• 2012

This study was conducted to measure battery's voltage drop in a compact electric vehicle to get driving performance in various driving situations. In the experiment, to evaluate the energy consumption and milage, system performance have measured with changing of the driving speed and the reduction of driving distance when the heater was operating. The battery of the car in this study is lead type storage battery. The driving velocity was changed from 10km/h to 50 km/h with 20km/h intervals and the operating step of the heating device. As results, the electronic consumption rate was maximum at 35 km/h of vehicle speed and if the driver turning the heater at maximum, capacity will lead to 35% of energy consumption increment.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.38-47
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• 2017

With automobiles sharply increasing worldwide, we are faced with serious social problems such as traffic accidents, traffic jams, environmental pollution, and economic inefficiency. In response, research on ITS is promoted mainly by regions with advanced automotive industry such as the US, Europe, and Japan. While Korea is working to get ahead to take global market through developing and turning into global standards systems related to ASV(Advanced Safety Vehicle), the country is not excellently prepared for such projects. The purpose of ACC is to control the vehicle's longitudinal speed and distance and minimize driver workload. Such a system should be useful in preventing accidents, as it reduces driver workload in the 21st-century world of telematics created by the development of automobile culture industry. In this light, the thesis presents a method to test and evaluate ACC system and a mathematical method to assess distance. Furthermore, for the proposed test and evaluation, theoretical values are tested with vehicle test and a database is acquired, by using vehicles equipped with an ACC system. We proposed the scenarios suitable for the domestic environment and conducted the actual road test. Theoretical evaluation criteria for developing ACC system may be employed and scenario-specific evaluation methods may find their useful application through testing the formula proposed by comparing the database and the mathematical method. and, many companies are expected to utilize the scenario in the developing stage of ACC, and be able to employ as a verification method by harnessing theoretical formula before a road test.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1263-1272
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• 1999

This study was alone to identify the meaning and the essence of the menopause experience by means of the Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. The participants were eight women, 48-60 years old, who were experiencing perimenopause or postmenopause. They were selected using a theoretical sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from April 6 to May 20, 1999. The interviews took from 40 to 90 minutes. Interviews were tape- recorded and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Significant statements from data were extracted. From these formulated meanings, 18 themes, 8 clusters of themes and 3 catagories were constructed. Final descriptions were found to be valid through the interviewee validation process. Essential themes of the menopausal experience which emerged were “coming of change”, “inclined to deny the in mind”, and “adapted life”. Menopause, as coming of change was the turning point in the women’s life cycle acompaning changes, in body and mind and marital life changes. Especially, the unpredictable menopausal changes were an opportunity to hide the fact of menopause and not to talk with anybody. Such a phenomenon reflected on the psychological attributes of menopausal woman such as an inclination to deny in the mind. Their experiences of menopause as adapted life were generally regarded as signalling the end of fertility and were interpreted as a natural developmental process that indicates a life transition. In conclusion, participants depicted the menopause as a natural stage in the life cycle. In order to help women have a positive life change and self accomplishment, nurses need to understand the essential themes of the menopausal experience. Thus, the importance of an open approach in eliciting the phenomena of menopause cannot be overemphasized. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that exercise program is one of the effective interventions to improve the self-efficacy and also to lower the fatigue in the sample of female college students.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.494-513
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• 2013

In this study, a transnational social space which emerges in a rural village of the northern Vietnam called 'Korean Village' is analyzed. The immigrant women of whom the spouses are Korean were forming transnational network with family members through which frequent and active communications took place. At the same time materialistic exchanges were occurring by means of remittance. Like most rural areas where up-to-date life patterns co-exist with outdated ones, the studied region was turning into a transnational social space under the influence of indigenous locallity, culture and other economic factors. Women were found to play a virtual role as resonator in practicing the transnational activity of migration. With the migration routes getting more and more solidified, the evolution of the transnational social space and the role of resonator, the form of transnational migration which makes involved young women look like a sacrifice is ceaselessly expanding around a specific region. This is noticeable because a rural village seemingly far away from internationalization is not only becoming the transnational social space but also a stage of its evolution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.596-604
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• 1990

Polygalacturonase activity was not detected at turning stage but were 55.01 and 206.70 units/100g -fr. wt. in mature and soft persimmon, respectively. Polygalacturonase have two isoenzymes and its molecular weight was estimated to be 55,000 doltons by the method of gel filtration. Vmax and Km of polygalacturonase 1 were 0.195$\mu$ mole reducing-sugar/$m\ell$/30 min. and 3.50mg/$m\ell$, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH of the enzyme appeared to 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 3.5, respectively. Polygalacturonase I had Vmax of 0.110m mo1e reducing-sugar/$m\ell$/30min. and Km value of 2.50mg/$m\ell$, The optimum temperature and pH of polygalcturonase II appear 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 4.0, respectively. Polygalacturonase I was fairly stable at 6$0^{\circ}C$while polygalacturonase II appeared to be stable up to 4$0^{\circ}C$.