• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

This research was initiated to investigate the revegetation characteristics under the seeding amount treatments of cool-season turfgrasses on the disturbed slope. 4 different seeding amounts of cool-season turfgrasses (0.0 $g/m^2$, 1.5 $g/m^2$, 3.0 $g/m^2$, 6.0 $g/m^2$) with the same seeding amounts of native woody (Rhus chinensis, Albizzia julibrissin) and herbaceous plants (Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus, Dianthus sinensis, Aster yomena) were treated with 3 replications on the experimental disturbed slope. Data such as soil hardness (mm), moisture content (%), surface coverage rate (%), the number of each germinating plant and plant height were analyzed. There were no statistic differences observed in the soil hardness and the soil moisture content while a significant difference was observed in the surface coverage rates. The surface coverage rates were higher in 3.0 $g/m^2$ and 6.0 $g/m^2$ plots compared to the rest two plots of cool-season turfgrasses. However, the emergence of native woody and herbaceous plants was relatively low in 3.0 $g/m^2$ and 6.0 $g/m^2$ plots of high seeding amounts of cool-season turfgrasses. This result indicated that high seeding amounts of cool-season turfgrasses could decrease the emergence of native woody and herbaceous plants. We concluded that 1.5 g~3.0 $g/m^2$ seeding amounts of cool-season turfgrasses was optimum level for the balanced emergence of cool-season turfgrasses, native woody and herbaceous plants in the viewpoint of the ecological disturbed slope revegetation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2021

To compare the vitality among cool-season turfgrasses under summer weather conditions and to obtain information to improve the management of turfgrasses in golf courses and sports fields., the chlorophyll fluorescence of three cool-season turfgrasses commonly planted on golf courses in the Jeju area was measured. The turfgrasses were perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). In perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, the chlorophyll index was low in early summer and high in late summer. In creeping bentgrass, it remained low throughout the study. Fo tended to be low in the early summer and high in late summer in the three turfgrasses. However, the difference in F_o between late summer and early summer was markedly higher in perennial ryegrass than in Kentucky bluegrass or creeping bentgrass. F_m tended to be low in early summer and high in late summer, without obvious differences among the three turfgrasses. F_v/F_m, a measure of photochemical efficiency, was also low in early summer and high in late summer in the three turfgrasses. However, F_v/F_m in late summer was mostly higher in Kentucky bluegrass and creeping bentgrass than in perennial ryegrass, indicating that the former are more resistant to the high temperature and humidity of late summer. Furthermore, Kentucky bluegrass had a high chlorophyll index in late summer and would be most resistant to the harsh conditions of late summer.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2002

한국의 겨울철 온도 조건하에서 가온에 의한 근권부의 온도조절이 잔디생육과 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 아울러 shoot의 무기성분 함량을 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 겨울철 근권부의 온도를 20$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$로 유지한 결과 대조구의 잔디는 동해로 인해 생육이 멈춘 반면 온도 처리구에서는 공시된 한지형 잔디(Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue) 모두에서 녹색이 유지되었으며 예초를 요할 정도의 생육이 계속되었다. 그러나 들잔디의 경우 겨울철 근권부의 온도를 높여주어도 지상부의 생육은 불가능하였다. 2. 온도 처리구에서의 예초량은 tall fescue에서 가장 많았고, 엽록소 함량은 perennial ryegrass에서 가장 높았으며 Kentucky bluegrass는 안토시아닌 함량이 다른 종류에 비하여 높기 때문에 검붉은 색깔을 나타내는 shoot의 수가 많았다. 3. Shoot의 무기양분 함량은 N, P는 토양처리간에 차이가 없었고 K, Ca, Mg는 모래＋peat moss에 비하여 모래＋peat moss＋soil 처리구에서 많은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 근권부의 가온조절은 한국의 겨울철 기온하에서 한지형 잔디의 생육을 도모하고 겨울철 잔디의 녹색을 유지시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 눈 녹음을 촉진시켜 잔디의 이용률을 증진시킬 수 있는 방안으로 판단된다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.37-54
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• 1999

This study was initiated to evaluate the seasonal turf performance in a tree shade and to suggest shade-tolerant turfgrasses suitable for domestic climate conditions. Atotal of 21 trufgrasses were tested, comprising of Korean lawngrass, shade-tolerant fine fescues, and newly-developed, shade-tolerant varieties of cool-season grasses. Dirrerences in shade tolerance were observed among varieties, species, and genera. Overall turf performance of C3 turfgrasses was better than that of C4 Korean lawngrass under a tree shade. Coarse-type fescues were excellent in shade tolerance, bluegrasses good, ryegrasses medium, fine-type fescues fair, and zoysiagrasses poor, respectively. Inter-species comparison in relative index of shade tolerance(IRST) demonstrated that tall fescue and fough bluegrass were greatest of 7.3, Poa supina 6.4, perennial ryegrass 5.0, Kentucky bluegrass 4.8, and fine fescues least, respectively. A great variation in RIST was observed with fine fescues; creeping red fescue was 3.6, chewings fescue 2.5, hard fescue 2.1, and sheep fescue 1.4, respectively. Among 21 turfgrasses evaluated, tall fescue 'Rebel Jr.', 'Era', and 'Oixie' and rough bluegrass 'Sabre' were the shade-tolerant varieties under a tree shade in Korea. Tall fescue, 'Rebel Jr.' was considered as the most shade-tolerant variety in the experiment. Fine fescues as creeping red fescue, chewings fescue, hare fescue, and sheep fescue, used as the shade-tolerant species in a cool climate of Europe and North America, were not suitable under domestic climate conditions.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.260-267
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• 1998

This study was undertaken to find a new formulation of soil amendment, and selection of antogonists and to effectively control brown and large patch of turfgrasses caused by Rhizoctoniz solani AG1-1 and AG 2-2. Fourteen inorgainc chemicals (1%, w/w) were added individually in vitro, and some chemicals showed suppressiveness to R. solani. Alum suppressed effectively mycelial growth of R. solani in the range of 17 to 77% as compared with control. The four chemicals such as Al2(SO4)3, alum, CaO, and NH4NO3 were finally selected. Out of three organic compounds, composted pine bark (CPB) showed prominent suppressive effect as compared with milled alfalfa and pine leaves. After inoculation of R. solani isolates AG-1 and AG2-2 on the turf seedlings, water soaked lesions and blight symptoms were developed on the whole seedlings. According to inhibition zone method, mycelial growth of the fungus were greatly suppressed by culture filterates of the antagonists, Gliocladium virens (Gl1-) and Pseudomonas sp. (P713). CPB soil amendment mixed with antagonists (1% w/w) controlled not only brown and large patch of turfgrasses, but also promote the good growth of the seedlings. In addition, the controlling effect was maintained more than 30 days. Especially, the controlling effect of two antagonists was similar to Cㅖㅠ soil amendment with the antagonists and also stimulated a favorable growth of the seedlings. Therefore, its is expected that continuous control of Rhizoctonia blight of turfgrasses can be obtained in field by subsequent applications of the antagonists.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2022

In this study, we analyzed the relationships between weather factors and photosystem II activity (F_v/F_m), as a measure of photochemical efficiency, in three cool-season turfgrasses commonly planted on golf courses in Jeju, South Korea: perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). In all three turfgrasses, F_v/F_m was higher during late summer than during early summer. However, in late summer, F_v/F_m was significantly lower in perennial ryegrass than in the other two species. In early summer, F_v/F_m in perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass was positively correlated with mean low temperature and extreme minimum temperature, whereas, in late summer, this parameter in Kentucky bluegrass and creeping bentgrass was positively correlated with relative humidity, and in creeping bentgrass was negatively correlated with mean high temperature, mean low temperature, and extreme maximum temperature. These results indicate that raising low temperatures is favorable for perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass in early summer, whereas, in late summer, the lowering of high temperatures proves to be beneficial for creeping bentgrass, and raising relative humidity is conducive to the growth of Kentucky bluegrass and creeping bentgrass. These findings will contribute to improving the selection and management of turfgrasses on golf courses and sports fields.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2003

본 연구는 난지형 잔디인 버뮤다그래스와 한지형 잔디인 켄터키블루그래스 혹은 톨페스큐와의 혼식에 의한 내답압성의 향상효과를 검토하였다. 또한, 내답압성에 미치는 고무칩의 효과 및 한국잔디류(Zosia spp.)의 답압에 대한 품종간의 차이 등을 조사하였다. 여름철의 답압 실험에서는 버뮤다그래스 단식구보다 한지형잔디의 혼식구가 지상부의 녹엽면적율이 높게 유지하고 있었다. 또한 겨울철의 답압 실험에서는 버뮤다 단식구는 나지화가 크게 진행하였으나, 한지형 잔디와의 혼식구에서는 전혀 나지화 현상이 발생하지 않았다. 겨울철의 답압 처리 후 토양의 가비중을 조사한 결과, 버뮤다그래스 단식구에서는 증가하였지만, 한지형 잔디와의 혼식구에서는 증가하지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 난지형 잔디와 한지형 잔디를 혼식함으로써 연간을 통하여 잔디의 내답압성 향상 효과가 나타났다. 또한 잔디의 손상을 완화하는 물리적 보조수단인 고무칩을 지표면에 산포하는 방법도 내답압성을 향상시키고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이처럼 단기간의 답압실험에서도 단식구와 혼식구, 품종 및 고무칩 산포에 의한 차이를 보이고 있어, 좀더 다양한 방법으로 장기간에 걸친 답압실험이 이루어져야할 것이다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2001

근권부의 온도를 대조구에 비하여 낮게 조절하고 토양조성을 달리하여 여름철 고온기에 Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.‘Nuglade’), per-ennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.‘Accent’), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. ‘Pixie’), Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.)를 재배하고 잔디의 품질, 병해발생 정도 엽록소 함량을 조사하고 아울러 예지물의 무기물 함량을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 여름철 근권부의 온도를 4~6$^{\circ}C$ 낮게 처리한 경우 한지형 잔디의 균일성을 현저히 높여주고 병의 발생률을 크게 억제시켰으며 그 효과는 perennial ryegrass에서 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 엽록소 함량은 토양조성에 따라 변화가 없었으나 냉온 처리구에서 대조구에 비하여 크게 증가되었다. 2. 여름철 근권부의 냉온처리는 Kentucky blue-grass와 perennial ryegrass는 대조구에 비하여 약 2배, tall fescue는 2.5배 이상의 clipping무게 증가를 나타냈다. 난지형 잔디인 들잔디에서도 냉온처리구에서 생육의 증진효과를 보였다. 한지형 잔디는 모래 ＋peat moss를 80 : 20(v/v)으로 혼합한 토양에 비하여 모래＋peat moss＋일반토양을 80：10 : 10 (v/v/v)으로 혼합한 토양에서 많은 생장을 보였다. 3. 근권부의 냉온처리는 공시된 세 종류의 한지형 잔디에서 N, P, K, Ca그리고 Mg의 흡수를 증가시켰으나 들잔디에서는 흡수차이를 보이지 않았다. 토양의 혼합비율에 따른 무기물함량의 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 근권부의 냉온처리는 고온 스트레스에 의한 잔디의 생육저하를 감소시키고 여름철 하고현상을 예방하여 줌으로써 고온다습한 기후조건에서도 경기장의 잔디 품질을 우수하게 유지할 수 있는 방안으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate physical properties of soil and turfgrass wear characteristics within turfgrasses inside or outside the stadium A 1/1000 scale model Inchon world cup soccer d[me was constructed for this test. Turfgrasses planted inside and outside the model dome were; Kentucky bluegrass(KB), Kentucky bluegrass + perennial ryegrass mixture (KB+PR), Kentucky bluegrass + tall fescue + perennial ryegrass mixture (KB+TF+PR), Zoysia japonica 'Anyangjungzii'(ZA) and Zoysia japonica 'Zenith\`(ZZ). The rootzone was constructed by the multi-layer method (United States Golf Association method). Traffic on turfgrasses was treated with a 120kg roller. Surface soil hardness, soil penetration and water infiltration values on cool-season grasses(KB, KB+PR, KB+TF+PR) was found to be better for soccer play compared to zoysiagrasses(ZA, ZZ). No big differences in surface soil hardness, soil penetration and water infiltration values were found between inside and outside of the model dome. Wear damage on cool-season grasses caused by the traffic treatment was low compared to zoysiagrasses. However, there was no difference in wear damage by the traffic treatment within cool-season grasses while wear damage on ZA was higher than on ZZ within zoysiagrasses. It could be concluded that physical properties and wear characteristics on cool-season grasses were much better for soccer play than on zoysiagrasses.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2018

Comparative drought resistances of 11 perennial warm-season turfgrasses were evaluated in the field after withholding irrigation for 48 days in summer I and 57 days in summer II. There were significant variations among the grasses in their drought resistances. From two years study of field shoot recovery from drought stress, the relative rankings among the 11 warm-season turfgrasses was as follows. 'Arizona Common' and 'Texturf 10' bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], 'Tifgreen' hybrid bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers. ${\times}$ C. transvaalensis Davy], and 'Georgia Common' centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Mack.] possessed good drought resistances, whereas 'Texas Common' St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] and 'Tifway' hybrid bermudagrass [Cyndon dactylon (L.) Pers ${\times}$ C. transvaalensis Davy] possessed poor drought resistances. 'Texas Common' buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.], 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge.), and 'Adalayd' seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz), 'Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), 'Emerald' zoysiagrass (Z. japonica Steud. ${\times}$ Z. tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin.) were found to rank intermediate. Visual leaf firing showed the highest correlation (r=-0.84) to shoot recovery from drought stress. Visual leaf rolling (r=-0.59) and canopy-air temperature differential (r=-0.64) also showed very significant correlations, whereas leaf water potential (r=0.54) showed relatively lower correlation.