• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.355-358
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• 2017

Amur silver grass, Miscanthus sacchariflorus is one of the promising biofuel weeds. A damage of noctuid pest, Leucapamea askoldis was firstly observed from Amur silver grass in Hwasun silver grass plantation during the survey of insect pests of Amur silver grass in Iksan, Hwasun, and Sancheong plantation areas in Korea. The host of L. askoldis was not known yet in Korea. The L. askoldis damage was observed as larval feeding on newly grown shoots and roots of M. sacchariflorus close to soil surface from early May in 2013. Investigated larval density was $1.6{\pm}1.1per\;m^2$ on April 4 and damage rate of shoots was $0.8{\pm}0.4%$ on May 4, 2013. The larvae bore into shoots of M. sacchariflorus and feed on the inside of plant. The damaged shoots are easily pulled out and distinguished by the boring hole on the shoots. L. askoldis was potential insect pest in M. sacchariflorus plantation areas.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 2013

To investigate the actual condition of production and management of sod, a questionnaire was ask to 57 farmers in major cultivated areas of turf sod in Korea in 2010 and 2011. The results of the turfgrass management situation analysis showed a mixed farming where the ratio of the principal work and the side work progress similarly, and for the landholding type depending on the management scale, the rental ratio was high for a scale over 0.5 ha. Sod production farmers has high-profile in new varieties of turfgrass, integrated management of the fertilization and soil or disease and insect pest however the future of the turfgrass industry does not seem optimistic due to the problems such as market stability or scarcity of worker. Obtaining of information on culture methods depended neighbor's experience (81.8%). Concerning the varieties preference analysis, the 32.1% of farmer answered that the reproductive rate was a key factor for the new variety. Sod production farmers want to receive financial support (28.1%), improvement of distribution structure of sod (26.6%), and spread of good variety turfgrass (23.4%).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2005

Three Korean isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae KCTC 0981BP (ScK), S. glaseri Dongrae (SgD), and Heterorhabditis sp. KCTC 0991BP (HsK), were evaluated for the control of a turfgrass pest, Popillia quadriguttata. Three days after treatment, all nematodes showed high pathogenicity to adult P. quadriguttata with $97.5\%$ mortality by ScK, $90.8\%$ by HsK, and $80\%$ by SgD at the concentration of 900 infective juveniles per adult. Nematode attachment and infection rate to adult P. quadriguttata were various depending on nematode species and inoculation density. The rate of nematode attachment was $90.8\%$ in HsK, $90.6\%$ in SgD, and $35\%$ in ScK, resfectively at the concentration of 900 infective juveniles per adult. The infection rate that represents the rate of detected nematode from inside insect of body was $97.5\%$ in ScK, $ 80\%$ in both HsK and SgD at the 900 concentration of infected juveniles. The infection rate, however, was decreased to $27.5\%$ in ScK, $72.5\%$ in SgD, but no nematodes was detected in HsK at the concentration of 90 infective juveniles.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2011

This study was carried out to know the insect fauna of turf grass area in forest. In Korea, graves and public cemetery in mountain areas are usually covered by turf grass which were mainly examined. There were 86 species belonging to 77 genera of 39 families in 11 orders. Among them, site 3 had highest occurrence (38%), second was site 2 (36%) and in the last place was site 1 (26%). Hemiptera revealed best species composition (29.1%) and came Coleoptera (19.8%), Orthoptera (15.1%), Lepidoptera (12.8%) and Odonata (5.8%) etc. The reason why Hemiptera and Orthoptera are mainly found in these areas is because they usually feed on short plants that grow in there. Taxonomic species composition, occurrence ratio by site and species and comparison analysis were provided.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2002

The oriental beetle, Exomala orientalis, Is the most important insect pest of turfgrass in Korean golf courses. The study was carried out to get practical information on the sampling of E. orientalis in golf courses. Real numbers of E. orientalis larvae were compared with and observed numbers depending on sampling size (5$\times$5 cm, l0$\times$10 cm, 20$\times$20 cm, 30$\times$30 cm, and 40$\times$40 cm) and times (3 to 15 replicates) in Dongrae Benest Golf Club. Over 95% accuracy was obtained between real data and estimated data at the density of over 303 larvae/m$^2$ when the 20$\times$20 cm was sampled with 4 replications. Larval density of E. orientalis was different depending on year and course sites (tee, fairway, rough, green).

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.361-368
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• 2009

Cenangium ferruginosum was known as the causal agent of dieback of pines including Pinus koraiensis and Pinus densiflora. Since the first report of the disease in Korea in 1989, a group dying occurred in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Kangwon and Chungbuk in 2007 spring. Although C. ferreginosum was known as a weak pathogen or a parasite, this disease caused in stressed pine by drought, wounding, extremely cold weather or unusual warm winter. In this study, we explained the features of cenangium dieback with the characteristics of pathogen to understand the trend of disease associated with the climatic change of the world. We collected pycnidia and apothecia from the diseased branches and stems of P. koraiensis and P. densiflora in Gyeonggi, Chungcheong and Gyeongsang province to characterization of pathogen. The fungal development on the diseased branches were observed and the isolates from pycnidia and apothecia were identified as Cenangium ferruginosum by their morphological characteristics and the molecular techniques.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 2015

Earthworm cast occurred in surface of turfgrass in golf courses which affect turfgrass maintenance and golf play. In this study several survey of seasonal fluctuation of earthworm cast in different golf courses (Anseong, Gapyeong, Gunpo and Yongin in Gyeonggi province, and Geumjeong in Busan) was done. A number of earthworm, soil temperature and moisture of detection site of earthworm cast in each golf course were also done. Cast occurred in different golf courses are found mostly from April to November on turf surface and the cast number varied in different month as well as in golf courses. In the same golf courses, a number of detected cast was difference from individual sites. A number of cast and earthworm was correlated. Also, in higher soil moisture showed the higher cast density in different golf courses. Soil temperature and moisture of detecting cast ranging from $2.1^{\circ}C$ to $33.1^{\circ}C$ and 4.9 to 44.1%, respectively. In case of cast, soil temperature level lies in between $10-15^{\circ}C$ where the highest soil moisture was 25%.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 2004

Biological control of lepidopterous insect pests, Agrotis segetum, Artogeia rapae, Mamestra brassicae, Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera exigua, and S. litura with entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolated from Gyeongbuk province were investigated. Mean lethal concentration ($LC_50$) values of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae against $2\cdot3rd$ instar of A. segetum larvae were $1.2\times10^7\;conidia/m\ell$ and $5.2\times10^6\;conidia/m\ell$, respectively. $LC_50$ values of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae against $2\cdot3rd$ instar of A, rapae larvae were $1.2\times10^7\;conidia/m\ell$ and $5.2\times10^6\;conidia/m\ell$, respectively. $LC_50$ values of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae against $2\cdot3rd$ instar of M. brassicae and P. xylostella, larvae were $1.5\times10^6\;conidia/m\ell$, $9.7\times10^5\;conidia/m\ell$, $3.0\times10^6\;conidia/m\ell$ and $1.4\times10^6\;conidia/m\ell$, respectively. $LC_50$ values of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae against $2\cdot3rd$ instar of S. exigua, and S. litura larvae were $6.3\times10^6 \;conidia/m\ell$, $2.6\times10^6\;conidia/m\ell$, $1.6\times10^7\;conidia/m\ell$ and $3.4\times10^6\;conidia/m\ell$ respectively.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2013

The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), damages various cultivated crops and it can also be a serious pest of turfgrass, especially on golf courses. Essential oils have potential as alternative control agents for insect pests. Sixteen essential oils (anise, camphor, cinnamon, citronella, clove, fennel, geranium, lavender, lemongrass, linseed, neem, peppermint, pine, thyme, turpentine and tea saponin) and paraffin oil were assessed in the laboratory, the green house and field trials for their efficacy against black cutworms in turf. Treatment of potted cores of perennial ryegrass turf with anise, cinnamon, neem, paraffin or turpentine reduced black cutworm damage in a greenhouse trial, and in a similar trial, applying neem oil at 4000, 2000 and 1000 ppm resulted in 100, 100 and 64% mortality, respectively, of black cutworms. Weight of survivors at the 1000 ppm rate was 5- fold less than weight of comparably-aged controls. Neem oil (2000 ppm) reduced growth of black cutworms feeding on treated clippings. A high rate of neem oil followed by irrigation (0.1 L of 20000 ppm neem oil with 0.9 L watering/$m^2$) was more effective than a lower concentration (1 L of 2000 ppm neem oil/$m^2$) against $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ instars in potted turf cores and field plots, respectively. However, not even the aforementioned higher rate effectively controlled $4^{th}$ instars in the field.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.160-170
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• 2011

Commercial formulation of fungicides was studied in vitro for sensitivity against Typhula species causal agents of Typhula blight. Efficacies of fungicides application, spray volume, nozzle types and fungicides applied time (early fall and late fall) were evaluated for their influence on the chemical control of Typhula blight of turfgrass during the winter season in Wisconsin. All fungicides effectively reduced the mycelial growth of eight isolates of Typhula spp. in vitro on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. For inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of eight isolates, propiconazole was the most effective at $1.0{\mu}g$ active ingredient (a.i) / ml of PDA. Typhula incarnata two isolates were significantly more sensitive to all fungicides of PDA than six isolates of three varieties of T. ishikariensis. For 2 years in field experiment, unsprayed control has significantly more disease severity than seven fungicides were applied to field plots at two locations. Propiconazole was the most effective for controlling Typhula blight, at two locations in both years. The level of disease control was not dependent on fungicides spray volume or nozzle types at two locations. The disease damage treated with triadimefon applied time (early fall and late fall) was not significantly different at two location for two years.