• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.75-76
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• 2014

The present study has numerically investigated the effects of the oxidizer-side nitrogen dilution on the precise structure and NOx formation characteristics of the turbulent syngas nonpremixed flames. Eulerian particle flamelet model was used to predicted the NOx formation characteristics in the turbulent syngas swirling nonpremixed flames. Current numerical simulation was conducted for the syngas gas turbine combustor. Numericla results indicate that as the H2O portion is increased in diluent, the formation of NOx decreased effectively in turbulent syngas swirl nonpremixed flames.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.63-64
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• 2012

The present study has numerically investigated the effects of the fuel-side nitrogen dilution on the precise structure and NOx formation characteristics of the turbulent syngas nonpremixed flames. Numerical results indicate that for highly diluted case, the flame structure is dominantly influenced by the turbulence-chemistry interaction and marginally modified by the radiation effect. On the other hand, no-dilution case with the longer flight time and the relatively intermediate scalar dissipation rate is influenced strongly by the radiative cooling as well as moderately by the turbulence-chemistry interaction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.867-876
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• 2003

The Lagrangian dispersion of fluid particles in inhomogeneous turbulence is investigated by a direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow. Four points Hermite interpolation in the homogeneous direction and Chebyshev polynomials in the inhomogeneous direction is adopted to simulate the fluid particle dispersion. An inhomogeneity of Lagrangian statistics in turbulent boundary layer is investigated by releasing many particles at several different wall-normal locations and tracking those particles. The fluid particle dispersions and Lagrangian structure functions of velocity are scaled by the Kolmogorov similarity. The auto-correlations of velocity and acceleration are shown at the different releasing locations. Effect of initial particle location on the dispersion is analyzed by the probability density function at the several downstreams and time instants.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.401-402
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• 2006

The turbulent flow around a sphere was investigated using two experimental techniques: smoke-wire flow visualization in wind tunnel at Re=5300, 11000 and PIV measurements in a circulating water channel. The smoke-wire visualization shows flow separation points near an azimuthal angle of $90^{\circ}$, recirculating flow, transition from laminar to turbulent shear layer, evolving vortex roll-up and fully turbulent eddies in the sphere wake. The mean velocity field measured using a PIV technique in x-y center plane demonstrates the detailed near-wake structure such as nearly symmetric recirculation region, two toroidal vortices, laminar separation, transition and turbulent eddies. The PIV measurements of turbulent wake in y-z planes show that a recirculating vortex pair dominates the near-wake region.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.89-95
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• 2006

This study has numerically modelled the combustion processes of the turbulent swirling premixed lifted flames in the low-swirl burner (LSB). In these turbulent swirling premixed flames, the four tangentially-injected air jets induce the turbulent swirling flow which plays the crucial role to stabilize the turbulent lifted flame. In the present approach, the turbulence-chemistry interaction is represented by the level-set based flamelet model. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional computations are made for the various swirl numbers and nozzle length. In terms of the centerline velocity profiles and flame liftoff heights, numerical results are compared with experimental data The three-dimensional approach yields the much better conformity with agreements with measurements without any analytic assumptions on the inlet swirl profiles, compared to the two-dimensional approach. Numerical clearly results indicate that the present level-set based flamelet approach has realistically simulated the structure and stabilization mechanism of the turbulent swirling stoichiometric and lean-premixed lifted flames in the low-swirl burner.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.59-67
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• 2012

Large Eddy Simulation(LES) of turbulent mass transfer in fully developed turbulent pipe flow has been performed to study the effect of Reynolds number on the concentration fields at $Re_{\tau}=180$, 395, 590 based on friction velocity and pipe radius. Dynamic subgrid-scale models for the turbulent subgrid-scale stresses and mass fluxes were employed to close the governing equations. Fully developed turbulent pipe flows with constant mass flux imposed at the wall are studied for Sc=0.71. The mean concentration profiles and turbulent intensities obtained from the present LES are in good agreement with the previous numerical and experimental results currently available. The effects of Reynolds number on the turbulent mass transfer are identified in the higher-order statistics(Skewness and Flatness factor) and instantaneous concentration fields. The budgets of turbulent mass fluxes and concentration variance were computed and analyzed to elucidate the effect of Reynolds number on turbulent mass transfer. Furthermore, to understand the correlation between near-wall turbulence structure and concentration fluctuation, we present an octant analysis in the vicinity of the pipe wall.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.36-42
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• 2001

Usually, we use the flame thickness and turbulence scale to classify the flame structure on a phase diagram of turbulent combustion. The flame structure in turbulence is still in debate, and many studies have been done. Since the flame motion is rapid and its reaction zone thickness is very thin, it is difficult to estimate the flame thickness. Here, we propose a new approach to determine the reaction zone thickness based on ion current signals obtained by an electrostatic probe, which has enough time and space resolution to detect flame fluctuation. Since the signal depends on the flow condition and flame curvature, it may be difficult to analyze directly these signals and examine the flame characteristics. However, ion concentration is high only in the region where hydrocarbon-oxygen reactions occur, and we can specify the reaction zone. Based on the reaction zone existing, we estimate the reaction zone thickness. We obtain the thickness of flames both in the cyclone-jet combustor and on a Bunsen burner, compared with theoretically predicted value, the Zeldovich thickness. Results show that the experimentally obtained thickness is almost the same as the Zeldovich thickness. It is concluded that this approach can be used to obtain the local flame structure for modeling turbulent combustion.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.699-708
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• 2009

To understand hydrogen jet liftoff height, the stabilization mechanism of turbulent lifted jet flames under non-premixed conditions was studied. The objectives were to determine flame stability mechanisms, to analyze coexistence of two different flame structure, and to characterize the lifted jet at the flame stabilization point. Hydrogen flow velocity varied from 100 to 300 m/s. Coaxial air velocity was changed from 12 to 20 m/s. Simultaneous velocity field and reaction zone measurements used, PIV/OH PLIF techniques with Nd:YAG lasers and CCD/ICCD cameras. Liftoff height decreased with the increase of fuel velocity. The flame stabilized in a lower velocity region next to the faster fuel jet due to the mixing effects of the coaxial air flow. The flame stabilization was related to turbulent intensity and strain rate assuming that combustion occurs where local flow velocity and turbulent flame propagation velocity are balanced. At the flame base, two different flame structures were found that was the partial premixed flames and premixed flame.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.2223-2236
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• 1995

0The fields of turbomachinery and electrical generators provide many examples of flow through rotating internal passages. At the practicing Reynolds number, most of the flow motion is three dimensional and highly turbulent. The proper understanding for the characteristics of these turbulent flow is necessary for the design of thermo-fluid machinery of a good efficiency. The flow characteristics in the rotating duct with curvature are very complex in practice due to the curvature and rotational effect of the duct. The understanding of the effect of the curvature on the structure and rotational effect of the duct. The understanding of the effect of the curvature on the structure of turbulence in the curved passage and the characteristics of the flow in a rotating radial straight channel have been well studied separately by many workers. But the combined effects of curvature and rotation on the flow have not been well understood inspite of the importance of the phenomena in the practical design process. In this study, the characteristics of a developing turbulent flow in a square sectioned 90.deg. bend rotating at a constant angular velocity are measured by using hot-wire anemometer to seize the rotational effects on the flow characteristics. As the results of this study, centrifugal forces associated with the curvature of the bend and Coriolis forces and centripetal forces associated with the rotational affect directly both the mean motion and the turbulent fluctuations.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.888-893
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• 1995

The turbulence structure for fully developed flow through the subchannels formed by the bare rod array depends on the pitch to rod diameter ratio. For fairly open spaced bare rod arrays, the distributions of the three components of the turbulent normal stresses are similar to those measured in circular pipe. However, for more closely spaced arrays, the turbulence structure, especially in the gap region, depart markedly from the pipe flow distribution. A linear relationship between turbulent normal stresses and turbulent kinetic energy for fully developed turbulent flow through regularly spaced bare rod arrays has been developed. This correlation can be used in connection with various theoretical analyses applied in turbulence research.