• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.40-51
• /
• 1991

A Propeller design method using the newly developed blade section(KH18), which behaves better cavitation characteristics, is presented. Experimental results for two-dimensional foil sections show that the lift-drag curve and the cavitation-free bucket diagram of the new blade section are wider comparing to those of the existion NACA sections. This characteristic of the new section is particularly important for marine propeller applications since angle of attack variation of the propeller blade operating behind a non-uniform ship's wake is relatively large. A lifting surface theory is used for the design of a propeller with the developed section for a 2700 TEU container ship. Since the most suitable chordwise loading shape is not known a priori, chordwise loading shape is chosen as a design parameter. Five propellers with different chordwise loading shapes and different foil sections are designed and tested in the towing tank and cavitation tunnel at KRISO. It is observed by a series of extensive model tsets that the propeller(KP197) having the chordwise loading shape, which has less leading edge loading at the inner radii and more leading edge loading at the outer radii of 0.7 radius, has higher propulsive efficiency and better cavitation characteristics. The KP197 propeller shows 1% higher efficiency, 30% cavitation volume reduction and 9% reduction of fluctuating pressure level comparing to the propeller with an NACA section. More appreciable efficiency gain for the new blade section propeller would be expected by reduction of expanded blade area considering the better cavitation characteristics of the new blade section.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.484-492
• /
• 2016

This study is the numerical analysis for the ground stability assessment in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$mine. The subsidence factors applied to the numerical analysis were as follows. First, the deterioration of the rock mass properties by excavation of the disturbed zone. Second, using the average lateral pressure coefficient of Korea. Third, a study of the mine history. Fourth, the excavating collapsed rock mass in numerical analysis based on the assumption that the rock mass around the goaf was collapsed due to the mining. The developed methods were applied to the cross section (5+10) of the actual subsidence in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$mine. The feasibility of the numerical analysis methods was confirmed by providing the same results as those of the actual subsidence. Next, the developed methods were applied to the cross section (3+10) that had a high probability of subsidence and the ground stability was evaluated. The analysis results show that the vertical displacement for the 5+10 cross section occurs at a maximum of 46 mm, whereas the analysis results show that the vertical displacement for the 3+10 cross section occurs at a maximum of 7 mm. Hence, it is concluded that the probability for subsidence is low.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.74-74
• /
• 2015

최근 홍수의 특성과 피해 양상은 과거와는 다르게 변화하고 있으며, 급격한 도시화로 인하여 기존 하천유역의 저류 능력이 감소하였으며 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위하여 이미 외국에서는 대심도 터널을 활용한 홍수재해 관리방안이 오래전부터 활용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 대심도 터널의 유입구, 수직갱, 감세지, 배수터널과 같은 시설물 중 대심도 터널 설계 시 수직 유입구를 통해 유입되는 유량의 에너지를 완화하고 효과적으로 배수 할 수 있도록 중요한 역할을 하는 감세지의 효율적인 깊이 산정을 위하여 수리모형실험을 실시하였으며, 모형은 Froude 상사법칙을 사용하여 원형의 1/18크기로 제작하였다. 본 연구에서 실시한 감세지 모형의 깊이는 0.278 m(원형 5.0 m), 0.417 m(원형 7.5 m)이며, 각 감세지 깊이별 수직 유입구 3개소(저지수직구1, 저지수직구2, 고지수직구) 및 5가지의 유량 CASE에 대하여 감세지 바닥면 압력을 비교?분석 하였다. 수직 유입구 3개소의 설계조건에 따른 감세지 깊이별 바닥면 압력 분포 평가를 실시한 결과 저지수직구1의 감세지 깊이 0.278 m(원형 5.0m)에서는 최대 압력이 4번 지점에서 $0.075kg/cm^2$(원형 1.30 MPa)이 측정 되었으며, 0.417 m(원형 7.5m)에서는 최대 압력이 1번지점에서 $0.089kg/cm^2$(원형 1.54MPa)이 측정되었다. 또한 저지수직구2의 감세지 깊이 0.278 m(원형 5.0 m)에서는 최대 압력이 1번 지점에서 $0.074kg/cm^2$(원형 1.28 MPa)이 측정 되었으며, 0.417 m(원형 7.5 m)에서는 최대 압력이 2번지점에서 $0.088kg/cm^2$(원형 1.52 MPa)이 측정되었다. 고지수직구의 감세지 깊이 0.278 m(원형 5.0 m)에서는 최대 압력이 3번 지점에서 $0.082kg/cm^2$(원형 1.42 MPa)이 측정 되었으며, 0.417 m(원형 7.5 m)에서는 최대 압력이 1번지점에서 $0.092kg/cm^2$(원형 1.59 MPa)이 측정되었다. 본 연구에서 실시한 수리모형실험의 결과 저유량에서 고유량으로 갈수록 최대압력지점은 반시계방향으로 움직이는 것을 알 수 있으며, 이는 수직 유입구의 설계조건에 따른 수직갱에서의 회전수차에 의하여 발생하는 것으로 분석하였다. 따라서 적절한 감세지 깊이 산정을 위해서 대심도터널의 수직 유입구(유입구형태, 수직갱)의 평가가 함께 유기적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.596-608
• /
• 2018

As urban infrastructure is aging, the possibility of accidents due to the failures or breakdowns of infrastructure increases. Especially, aging underground infrastructures like sewer pipes, waterworks, and subway have a potential to cause an urban ground sink. Urban ground sink is defined just as a local and erratic collapse occurred by underground cavity due to soil erosion or soil loss, which is separated from a sinkhole in soluble bedrock such as limestone. The conventional measurements such as differential settlement gauge, inclinometer or earth pressure gauge have a shortcoming just to provide point measurements with short coverage. Therefore, these methods are not adequate for monitoring of an erratic subsidence caused by underground cavity due to soil erosion or soil loss which occurring at unspecified time and location. Therefore, an alternative technology is required to detect a change of underground physical condition in real time. In this study, the feasibility of a novel magnetic resonance based monitoring method is investigated through laboratory tests, where the changes of path loss (S21) were measured under various testing conditions: media including air, water, and soil, resonant frequency, impedance, and distances between transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX). Theoretically, the transfer characteristic of magnetic field is known to be independent of the density of the medium. However, the results of the test showed the meaningful differences in the path loss (S21) under the different conditions of medium. And it is found that the reflection coefficient showed the more distinct differences over the testing conditions than the path loss. In particular, input reflection coefficient (S11) is more distinguishable than output reflection coefficient (S22).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.272-278
• /
• 2018

Traffic volume has been greatly increasing due to urban development and the improvement of living standards, and many complaints are being raised due to the increasing road noise. As a countermeasure against these problems, highly soundproof walls are installed on the sides of roads. However, the ability to bear wind loads is a major design requirement for soundproof walls, which contributes to the exponential increases in construction costs and restricts the height of the walls. The aim of this study is to improve the performance of soundproof walls and to dramatically reduce wind loads while maintaining excellent price competitiveness. Based on Helmholz's resonator theory, a new concept is proposed for a ventilation-type soundproofing plate that can pass through a fluid like air and reduce noise. A full-scale metal soundproofing plate was produced to satisfy the quality standards of highways by conducting a sound-pressure transmission-loss test, wind tunnel test, and material quality test. To verify the reliability, the wall was manufactured and installed, and the sound insulation effect was examined by measuring the noise over time. In the future, ventilated soundproof walls on roads could create a pleasant living environment due to the high noise-insulation effect.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.221-242
• /
• 2021

A numerical study of the performance assesment of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes in improved Korean reference disposal system (KRS⁺) for high-level radioactive waste is conducted using TOUGH2-MP/FLAC3D simulator. Decay heat from high-level radioactive waste increases the temperature of the repository, and it decreases as decay heat is reduced. The maximum temperature of the repository is below a maximum temperature criterion of 100℃. Saturation of bentonite buffer adjacent to the canister is initially reduced due to pore water evaporation induced by temperature increase. Bentonite buffer is saturated 250 years after the disposal of high-level radioactive waste by inflow of groundwater from the surrounding rock mass. Initial saturation of rock mass decreases as groundwater in rock mass is moved to bentnonite buffer by suction, but rock mass is saturated after inflow of groundwater from the far-field area. Stress changes at rock mass are compared to the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and the spalling strength in order to investigate the potential rock failure by thermal stress and swelling pressure. Additional simulations are conducted with the reduced spacing of deposition holes. The maximum temperature of bentonite buffer exceeds 100℃ as deposition hole spacing is smaller than 5.5 m. However, temperature of about 56.1% volume of bentonite buffer is below 90℃. The methodology of numerical modeling used in this study can be applied to the performance assessment of coupled THM processes for high-level radioactive waste repositories with various input parameters and geological conditions such as site-specific stress models and geothermal gradients.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.270-288
• /
• 2021

We proposed a numerical method to simulate the hydro-mechanical behavior of rock fracture using a grain-based distinct element model (GBDEM) in the paper. As a part of DECOVALEX-2023 Task G, we verified the method via benchmarks with analytical solutions. DECOVALEX-2023 Task G aims to develop a numerical method to estimate the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes within the crystalline rock fracture network. We represented the rock sample as a group of tetrahedral grains and calculated the interaction of the grains and their interfaces using 3DEC. The micro-parameters of the grains and interfaces were determined by a new methodology based on an equivalent continuum approach. In benchmark modeling, a single fracture embedded in the rock was examined for the effects of fracture inclination and roughness, the boundary stress condition and the applied pressure. The simulation results showed that the developed numerical model reasonably reproduced the fracture slip induced by boundary stress condition, the fracture opening induced by fluid injection, the stress distribution variation with fracture inclination, and the fracture roughness effect. In addition, the fracture displacements associated with the opening and slip showed good agreement with the analytical solutions. We expect the numerical model to be enhanced by continuing collaboration and interaction with other research teams of DECOVALEX-2023 Task G and validated in further study experiments.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.160-172
• /
• 2022

The design regulations for simple explosive storage in Korea only stipulate standards for the materials and thickness of the wall of the structure because the amount of explosives that can be stored is small. There is concern about secondary damage during an internal explosion in a simple storage facility, and it is necessary to reexamine the current standards. The numerical analysis for the TNT 15 kg explosion inside the simple storage was carried out by setting the factors using the robust experimental design method. The displacement of the structure generated under the same time condition was analyzed, and the contribution was evaluated. The contribution of concrete thickness was the highest, and the contribution of concrete strength and rebar arrangement was lower than that of concrete thickness. The reinforcement diameter contributed extremely little to the displacement. The structural standards of the simple storage that are currently applied are insufficient on blast resistance, and it is necessary to present new design standards. Therefore, the design factor to be applied later analysis and actual experiments were taken into consideration. For the design variables, the thickness of the concrete was 15 cm considering the displacement, the concrete strength was selected as general concrete considering the inlet discharge pressure, the factor with the lowest average displacement was selected for the reinforcement arrangement and the diameter of the reinforcement, the factor with the smallest level was selected in consideration of economic feasibility because the difference in displacement was low.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.375-393
• /
• 2022

This study was deal with blow-out and buoyancy stability evaluation method for slurry shield TBM. When applying a slurry shield TBM for the construction of a shallow tunnel under river or sea, the stability of slurry blow-out and segment lining buoyancy should be evaluated. However, there is a problem in that the currently applied theoretical formula is somewhat complicated, making it inconvenient to calculate in practice. In this study, some simple charts were proposed to easily evaluate the stability of slurry blow-out and segment lining buoyancy. In addition, the buoyancy safety factor of segment lining using the strength reduction method was evaluated and compared with the buoyancy safety factor based on the theoretical formula. The buoyancy safety factor by the theoretical formula was evaluated to be rather small, and it was confirmed that it was on the safe side. The simplified charts for the evaluation of slurry blow-out and buoyancy stability presented in this study are expected to be usefully utilized in the planning and design of undersea tunnels.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2022

In this work a multi-fidelity non-intrusive polynomial chaos (MF-NIPC) has been applied to a structural wind engineering problem in architectural design for the first time. In architectural design it is important to design structures that are safe in a range of wind directions and speeds. For this reason, the computational models used to design buildings and bridges must account for the uncertainties associated with the interaction between the structure and wind. In order to use the numerical simulations for the design, the numerical models must be validated by experi-mental data, and uncertainties contained in the experiments should also be taken into account. Uncertainty Quantifi-cation has been increasingly used for CFD simulations to consider such uncertainties. Typically, CFD simulations are computationally expensive, motivating the increased interest in multi-fidelity methods due to their ability to lev-erage limited data sets of high-fidelity data with evaluations of more computationally inexpensive models. Previous-ly, the multi-fidelity framework has been applied to CFD simulations for the purposes of optimization, rather than for the statistical assessment of candidate design. In this paper MF-NIPC method is applied to flow around a rectan-gular 5:1 cylinder, which has been thoroughly investigated for architectural design. The purpose of UQ is validation of numerical simulation results with experimental data, therefore the radius of curvature of the rectangular cylinder corners and the angle of attack are considered to be random variables, which are known to contain uncertainties when wind tunnel tests are carried out. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are solved by a solver that employs the Finite Element Method (FEM) for two turbulence modeling approaches of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations: Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) and the Large Eddy simulation (LES). The results of the uncertainty analysis with CFD are compared to experimental data in terms of time-averaged pressure coefficients and bulk parameters. In addition, the accuracy and efficiency of the multi-fidelity framework is demonstrated through a comparison with the results of the high-fidelity model.