• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2016

Employing non-associated flow rule and Power-Law failure criterion, the failure mechanisms of tunnel roof in homogeneous and layered soils are studied in present analysis. From the viewpoint of energy, limit analysis upper bound theorem and variation principle are introduced to study the influence of dilatancy on the collapse mechanism of rectangular tunnel considering effects of supporting force and seepage force. Through calculation, the collapsing curve expressions of rectangular tunnel which are excavated in homogeneous soil and layered soils respectively are derived. The accuracy of this work is verified by comparing with the existing research results. The collapsing surface shapes with different dilatancy coefficients are draw out and the influence of dilatancy coefficient on possible collapsing range is analyzed. The results show that, in homogeneous soil, the potential collapsing range decreases with the decrease of the dilatancy coefficient. In layered soils, the total height and the width on the layered position of possible collapsing block increase and the width of the falling block on tunnel roof decrease when only the upper soil's dilatancy coefficient decrease. When only the lower soil's dilatancy coefficient decrease or both layers' dilatancy coefficients decrease, the range of the potential collapsing block reduces.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.87-92
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• 2001

In automobile highway tunnels, in order to maintain a suitable environment for drivers and traffic, visibility in the tunnel must be maintained, and the concentrations of poisonous substances including carbon monoxide must be kept at or below allowable levels. For this reason, in long tunnels and tunnels with heavy traffic, ventilation facilities are installed. When the ventilation facilities are run at full capacity, the environment in the tunnel is obviously adequately maintained, but this consumes a great deal of electric power. Consequently, a central problem in highway tunnel ventilation control systems is to keep the pollution concentration at or below the allowable level, and thus provide a safe environment for traffic, while consuming as little electricity as possible. This paper introduces an operation method of longitudinal flow ventilation systems with jet-fan, dust collector and vertical ducts.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2006

To optimize the ventilation and smoke control systems in subway equipped with platform screen door, the technology to analyze the unsteady tunnel flow caused by running of train should be developed. The development of model experiment and numerical analysis technique with relation to unsteady flow of subway were presented. The pressure and air velocity changes in 1/20-scaling experiment unit were measured and results were comparied to those of 3-D unsteady numerical analysis applied with sharp interface method. The experimental and numerical results were quantitatively similar and it would be reasonable to apply sharp interface method to analyze the unsteady flow in subway equipped with platform screen door.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2017

In practice, cavitation phenomena occur in unbounded flows. However, the wall effect is unavoidable during experiments at a closed section such as a cavitation tunnel. Especially, supercavity generated behind a cavitator is relatively large and thick, so that geometric and dynamic characteristics of the cavity are affected by the tunnel wall. In order to apply experimental results into the unbounded flow field, physical correlations are necessary. In this paper, we proposed an image method based on a potential flow to simulate the wall effect. Considering two-dimensional wedge-shaped bodies, configurations and drag characteristics of the cavity were examined according to the distance ratio to the wall surface. The results were compared and verified with existing theoretical and experimental results.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.66-75
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• 1993

캐비테이션 터널에서 모형선 혹은 부분모형선을 사용하여 3차원 반류분포를 재현시키고자 할 때, 유동조절체를 사용하여 터널 위벽효과(Tunnel wall effect)를 감소시키는 경우가 있다. 유동조절체가 선미후류 유동에 미치는 영향과 터널 위벽효과를 해석하기 위하여 직사각형 단면의 시험부에 설치되어 있는 모형선과 유동조절체 주위 유동을 표면양력판 이론을 사용하여 해석하였다. Sydney Express 모형선 주위 유동에 대한 계산결과에 의하면 선체 표면 압력분포에 미치는 캐비테이션 터널의 위벽효과는 막음비(Blockage)가 5% 이내인 경우에는 무시할 정도이며, 막음비가 20% 이상인 경우에는 상당히 큼을 알 수 있다. 유동조절체를 선미 부근 터널벽에 설치함으로써 선미 유동중 축방향속도가 증가되었으며, 선체표면에서의 압력구배(pressure gradient)는 선미 경계층의 두께가 덜 증가되는 방향으로 변화되었음을 알 수 있었다. 유동조절체를 설치하여 재현된 반류분포는 등속도곡선의 폭이 좁아지기 때문에 추정된 실선반류 분포를 재현하기 위하여 유동조절체를 사용하는 경우가 있다. 표면양력판에 의해 계산된 반류분포는 이상유체 가정을 토대로 계산되었기 때문에 계측된 반류분포와의 차이를 보정하기 위해서는 경계층 계산이나 점성유동계산이 필요하다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.85-92
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• 2004

As a research to develop a SCRAM jet engine is actively conducted, a necessity to produce a high-enthalpy flow in a laboratory is increasing. In order to develop the SCRAM-jet engine, stabilized combustion in a supersonic flow-field should be attained, in which a duration time of flow is extremely short. Therefore, a mixing process of breathed air and fuel, which is injected into supersonic flow-fields is one of the most important problem. Since, the flow inside SCRAM jet engine has high-enthalpy, an experimental facility is required to produce such high-enthalpy flow-field. In this study, a detonation-driven shock tunnel was built and was used to produce high-enthalpy flow. Further-more, SCRAM jet engine model equipped backward-facing step was installed at test section and flow-fields were visualized using color-schlieren technique and high speed video camera. The fuel was injected perpendicular to the flow of Mach number three behind backward-facing step. The height of the step, distance of injection and injection pressure were changed to investigate the effects of step on a mixing characteristic between air and fuel. The schlieren photograph and pressure histories show that the fuel was ignited behind the step.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.347-362
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was that manage effectively the excavation process of the transport tunnel in DONGHAE mine area by investigating the variationof the surface and groundwater flow system around the tunnel and neighbouring villages. Thus, the effect of excavation and water-prrofing process on the water system has been studied through the naked eye survey of the tunnel and the surface outcrop, joint survey, core drilling, the measurement of the surface water quantity, evapotranspiration and precipitation analysis, rock hydraulics approach, the pressure test of boreholes, the variation of the water level, and finally the numerical analysis. From above approachs, we derived the conclusion that the exhaustion of the surface water was not caused by the tunnel excavation on the groundwater system was minimized by effective water proofing process.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권27호
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• pp.15-34
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• 1997

The 3-dimensional unsteady compressible flows around the high speed train have been simulated for the train entering a tunnel and for passing another train. The simulation method employs the implicit approximation-factorization finite difference algorithm for the inviscid Euler equations in general curvilinear coordinates. A moving grid scheme is applied in order to resolve the train movement relative to the tunnel and the other train. The velo-city and pressure fields and pressure drag are calculated to study the effects of tunnel and the other train. The side directional force which is time dependent is also computed for the passing train. Pressure distribution shows that the compression wave is generated in front of the train noise just after the tunnel entrance and proceeds along the inside of tunnel.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2006년 제4회 한국유체공학학술대회 논문집
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• pp.575-578
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• 2006

In designing smoke-control system of rescue station in train tunnel, a purpose is to prevent a disaster by proposing the jet fan operation together with smoke-control curtain in tunnel fire. This study has investigated the relationship of the Heat Release Rate(HRR) and a adequate ventilation velocity to control the fire propagation in tunnel fire, and has improved the effect of the smoke-control curtain on preventing the flow of pollutants. In this study, Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulations with ST AR-CD(ver 3.24) were carried out on predicting the fire spreading and the flow of pollutants, considering jet fan operations and effect of smoke-control curtain. Our simulation domain is the full scale model of the 'DAEGWALLYEONG' 1st tunnel. The results represent that ventilation operation can control the fire spreading and pollutants effectively to prevent a disaster.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.107-118
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• 2011

최근 차량이나 철도 혹은 화재관련 장거리 터널 내 해석이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 기존의 터널 내 유동해석은 수십 km의 터널 전체를 3차원 해석을 진행하는 것으로 비효율 적이다. 또한 터널 내 압력파해석을 위해서 1차원 해석을 많이 진행하지만 유동장을 볼 수 없는 단점이 있고, 3차원으로 확장할 경우 격자수가 기하급수적으로 증가하는 문제가 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 1차원 3차원 혼합격자기법을 사용하여서 터널 내 운송체 주변의 유동해석과 압력파 해석을 수행하였다. 20km가 넘는 장거리 터널내 에서 운송체의 고속이동과 이에 따른 유동의 해석을 위하여 운송체 주변은 3차원 격자를 사용하여 유동을 해석 후 공력저항을 계산하였고, 유동장 변화가 거의 없는 나머지 지역에 대하여는 1차원 격자를 사용하여서 터널 내 압력파 문제를 확인하였다. 유동은 비정상상태로 해석되었고 Solver는 사용툴인 Ansys vr. 12.0을 사용하였다.