• 지질공학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.655-664
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• 2007

터널의 설계 시 변형계수, 포아송비, 내부마찰각, 점착력 등의 지반특성치가 이용되는데, 이 중 변형계수는 터널변위에 가장 큰 영향을 준다. 그러나 암반의 변형계수는 불연속면과 시료크기 등의 영향으로 시험으로 결정하기 매우 어렵기 때문에 주로 경험적인 방법에 의존하고 있다. 본 연구에서 현장조사, 실내시험, 및 시추조사를 통해 얻은 지반특성치에 근거하여 수치해석을 실시한 결과, 계산된 변위와 현장 계측치가 일치하지 않았다. 그래서 변형계수를 변화시키면서 반복해석을 실시하여 변형계수와 터널변위의 상관성을 구하였으며, 상관관계식은 2 터널에서 얻어진 자료에 근거하여 적합성을 검증하였는데, 이 현장에서는 암반의 변형계수가 암석 탄성계수의 약 $30{\sim}40%$정도인 것으로 보인다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제30권6_2호
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• pp.623-629
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• 2012

During the construction of crossing engineering one of the important measures to ensure the safety of subway operation is the implementation of deformation surveying to the existing subway tunnel. Guangzhou new subway line 2 engineering which crosses the existing tunnel is taken as the background. How to achieve intelligent and automatic deformation surveying forecast during the subway tunnel construction process is studied. Because large amount of surveying data exists in the subway construction, deformation analysis is difficult and prediction has low accuracy, a subway intelligent deformation prediction model based on the PBIL and support vector machine is proposed. The PBIL algorithm is used to optimize the exact key parameters combination of support vector machine though probability analysis and thereby the predictive ability of the model deformation is greatly improved. Through applications on the Guangzhou subway across deformation surveying deformation engineering the prediction method's predictive ability has high accuracy and the method has high practicality. It can support effective solution to the implementation of the comprehensive and accurate surveying and early warning under subway operation conditions with the environmental interference and complex deformation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.291-303
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• 2020

The deformation of the rock surrounding a tunnel manifests due to the stress redistribution within the surrounding rock. By observing the deformation of the surrounding rock, we can not only determine the stability of the surrounding rock and supporting structure but also predict the future state of the surrounding rock. In this paper, we used grey system theory to analyse the factors that affect the deformation of the rock surrounding a tunnel. The results show that the 5 main influencing factors are longitudinal wave velocity, tunnel burial depth, groundwater development, surrounding rock support type and construction management level. Furthermore, we used seismic prospecting data, preliminary survey data and excavated section monitoring data to establish a neural network learning model to predict the total amount of deformation of the surrounding rock during tunnel collapse. Subsequently, the probability of a change in deformation in each predicted section was obtained by using a Bayesian method for detecting change points. Finally, through an analysis of the distribution of the change probability and a comparison with the actual situation, we deduced the survey mark at which collapse would most likely occur. Surface collapse suddenly occurred when the tunnel was excavated to this predicted distance. This work further proved that the Bayesian method can accurately detect change points for risk evaluation, enhancing the accuracy of tunnel collapse forecasting. This research provides a reference and a guide for future research on the probability analysis of tunnel collapse.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.525-538
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• 2023

The development of a city is closely linked to the construction and operation of its subway system. However, constructing a new subway tunnel under an existing station is an extremely complex task, and the deformation characteristics and mechanical behavior of the new subway tunnel during the excavation process can greatly impact the normal operation of the existing station. Although the previous studies about the case of underpass engineering have been carried out, there is limited research on the condition of a newly-built subway tunnel that closely undercrossing an existing station with zero distance between them. Therefore, this study analyzes the deformation law and mechanical behavior characteristics of the preliminary lining of the underpass tunnel during the excavation process based on the real engineering case of Chengdu Metro Line 8. This study also makes an in-depth comparison of the influence of different excavation methods on this issue. Finally, the accuracy of numerical simulation is verified by comparing it with on-site result. The results indicate that the maximum bending moment mainly occurs at the floor slab of the preliminary lining, while that of the ceiling is small. The stress state at the ceiling position is less affected by the construction process of the pilot tunnel. Compared to the all-in-one excavation method, although the process of partial excavation method is more complicated, the deformation of preliminary lining caused by it is basically less than the upper limit value of the standard, while that of the all-in-one excavation method is beyond standard requirements.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2017

절리가 형성된 암반지층에서의 터널굴착은 터널굴착 선을 따라 변위를 유발시키며 이러한 변위값의 산정은 터널의 안정성과 소요공간을 확보하는 것과 관련하여 매우 중요한 사항이다. 터널변위는 지반의 변형계수와 직접적으로 관련되므로 이를 파악하는 것이 무엇보다도 중요하다. 그렇지만, 터널이 건설되는 대부분의 암반지층은 일반적으로 절리가 형성되어 있어서 단순히 균질한 등가탄성매질에 근거하여 절리형성 암반지층의 변형계수를 파악할 수는 없다. 왜냐하면 절리형성 암반지층의 변형계수는 암석의 종류뿐만 아니라 절리조건에 의해서 큰 영향을 받기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 터널굴착 조건에서 다양한 절리 및 암석조건을 고려한 암반지층의 변형계수 변화를 조사하였으며 이를 위하여 수치해석적 매개변수연구를 수행하였다. 이를 통한 본 연구의 결과는 기존의 경험적인 방법들과 상호 비교되었으며, 또한 다양한 절리암반을 고려한 변형계수 변화표의 형태로서 제시되었다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.733-747
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• 2017

터널을 굴착하면 터널주변과 상부의 지반이 느슨해지고 변형되며, 이로 인해 터널주변지반의 응력이 변화된다. Terzaghi는 터널굴착으로 인한 천단 상부지반의 이완형태를 Trapdoor 실험을 통해 규명하였다. 그러나 Terzaghi는 터널천단부가 등변위 되는 조건만 생각하였으며, 터널천단부가 오목곡선이나 볼록곡선 등의 형태로 변형될 경우에 대해서는 생각하지 않았다. 따라서 본 과제에서 지반이완 형태와 터널천단부 변위형태의 상관관계에 대하여 실험적으로 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 터널천단부의 이완형태를 등변위, 오목곡선, 볼록곡선의 세가지 형태로 모사하여 실험을 수행하고 그 결과를 비교 하였다. 실험결과 이완지반의 하중전이는 지반변형특성에 따라 다양한 형태로 발생될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2002

터널의 초기 변형결과를 역해석에 적용하기 위하여 초기 값들과 최종변위의 상관관계를 연구하였다. Panet의 지수함수와 분수함수는 경암 터널의 내공변위 예측에 잘 맞았다. ID 지점의 초기 계측변위는 선형적으로 적합시 킬 수 있으나 계측 전 변형의 추정식으로는 부적합하였다. 초기 계측 결과들과 최종 변형결과는 선형적인 비례관계를 보였으며 이로써 초기 계측결과로부터 추정한 최종변형치를 이용한 역해석이 가능함을 보였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.408-420
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• 2010

터널시공 중 터널 완공 후에 발생할 최종변위를 미리 예측하는 것은 터널의 역학적 안정성을 평가하는데 중요하다. 시공 중인 터널에서 계측한 천단 및 내공변위와 변위함수를 이용하여 터널을 시공 완료하였을 때 발생할 터널의 최종변위를 예측하였다. 연구대상 터널은 상반과 하반으로 나누어 시공하였고 터널상반 시공 중 설치한 계측핀을 이용하여 하반막장이 이 계측핀을 통과할 때 발생한 초기변위를 계측할 수 있었다. 터널하반 시공 중 계측한 변위를 이용하여 하반굴착에 따른 변위 증가량을 변위함수로 예측한 결과 터널시공 완료 후 계측한 증가량과 거의 같았다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2024

Shield tunneling construction commonly crosses underground pipelines in urban areas, resulting in soil loss and followed deformation of grounds and pipelines nearby, which may threaten the safe operation of shield tunneling. This paper investigated the pipeline deformation caused by double curved shield tunnels in soil-rock composite stratum in Nanjing, China. The stratum settlement equation was modified to consider the double shield tunneling. Moreover, a three dimensional finite element model was established to explore the effects of hard-layer ratio, tunnel curvature radius, pipeline buried depth and other influencing factors. The results indicate the subsequent shield tunnel would cause secondary disturbance to the soil around the preceding tunnel, resulting in increased pipeline and ground surface settlement above the preceding tunnel. The settlement and stress of the pipeline increased gradually as buried depth of the pipeline increased or the hard-layer ratio (the ratio of hard-rock layer thickness to shield tunnel diameter within the range of the tunnel face) decreased. The modified settlement calculation equation was consistent with the measured data, which can be applied to the settlement calculation of ground surface and pipeline settlement. The modified coefficients a and b ranged from 0.45 to 0.95 and 0.90 to 1.25, respectively. Moreover, the hard-layer ratio had the most significant influence on the pipeline settlement, but the tunnel curvature radius and the included angle between pipeline and tunnel axis played a dominant role in the scope of the pipeline settlement deformation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2018

The finite difference software Flac3D is used to study the influence of tunnel burial depth, tunnel diameter and lateral pressure coefficient of original rock stress on the stress and deformation of tunnel surrounding rock under sandstone condition. The results show that the maximum shear stress, the radius of the plastic zone and the maximum displacement in the surrounding rock increase with the increase of the diameter of the tunnel. When the lateral pressure coefficient is 1, it is most favorable for surrounding rock and lining structure, with the increase or decrease of lateral pressure coefficient, the maximum principal stress, surrounding displacement and plastic zone range of surrounding rock and lining show a sharp increase trend, the plastic zone on the lining increases with the increase of buried depth.