• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2007

Jeungaektang (JAT) is the herbal formula, has the effect of moistening the dryness by activating lung Qi and by nourishing Yin, has being used for dryness syndromes. Generally the herbal formulae for moistening dryness are used for exogenous or endogenous dryness syndromes. JAT has been clinically used for the treatment of endogenous dryness syndromes. It is composed of Scrophulariae Radix. Rehmanniae Radix and Liriopis Tuber. Recent studies showed that JAT has a protective effect against $CCl_{4}-induced$ hepatotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects against ear swelling of mouse induced by Crotonis Fructus. However, the effect of JAT on the immunological activity was rarely studied. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of JAT the regulatory mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. After the treatment of JAT water extract, cell viability was measured by MTT assay, NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX -2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were determined by immunoblot analysis, and levels of cytokine were analyzed by sandwich immunoassays. Results provided evidence that JAT inhibited the production of nitrite and nitrate ($0.1{\sim}1.0$ mg/ml), iNOS ($0.1{\sim}1.0$ mg/ml), $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ( $0.1{\sim}1.0$ mg/ml) and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($0.1{\sim}1.0$ mg/ml) in RAW 264.7 cells activated with LPS. Furthermore, JAT inhibited the expression of COX-2 expression and production of prostagladin E2 ($0.1{\sim}1.0$ mg/ml). These findings suggest that JAT can produce anti-inflammatory effect, which may play a role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2010

방사선치료의 최대 목표는 정상조직을 보호하고 종양부위에 방사선량을 충분히 조사하는 것이다. 그 중에서 환자호흡에 의한 문제점을 보안하기 위해 환자호흡에 따른 주기적 움직임을 분석하여 안정된 일정영역에서만 방사선이 조사되도록 하는 호흡동조방사선치료 방법이 임상에서 활용되고 있다. 본 논문은 특히 호흡에 의해 움직임 영향을 많이 받는 간암 환자 40명을 대상으로 실제 방사선 치료 계획에 이용되는 4D-CT와 호흡동조방사선 치료에 사용하는 RPM을 이용하여 간암의 움직임을 환자의 나이, 성별 및 움직임 방향으로 나누어 분석하였다. 움직임의 변화는 방향으로는 right-left($3.19{\pm}1.29$), anteroposterior($5.44{\pm}2.07$), craniocaudal($12.54{\pm}4.70mm$)이었고, 이는 성별과 관련이 없고 나이가 고령일수록 움직임이 크다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 호흡에 의해 움직임으로 인한 치료부위의 방향이 변화가 생김으로 RPM 호흡동조방사선 치료로 움직임에 대한 보정을 실시하여 간암 치료에서 치료효과를 높일 수 있다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2012

Purpose: Clinical staging of gastric cancer appears to be important more and more for tailored therapy. This study aimed to verify the accuracy of clinical T staging in a low-volume institute. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data of gastric cancer patients who underwent resection. A total of 268 patients of gastric cancer were enrolled from March 2004 to June 2012. These demographics, tumor characteristics, and clinical stages were analyzed for identification of diagnostic value of clinical T staging. Results: The predictive values for pT1 of endoscopy and computed tomography were 90.0% and 89.4%, respectively. In detail, the predictive values of endoscopy for pT1a, pT1b, and pT2 or more were 87%, 58.5%, and 90.6%, respectively. The predictive values of computed tomography for pT1a, pT1b, and pT2 or more were 68.8%, 73.9%, and 84.4%, respectively. The factors leading to underestimation of pT2 or more lesions by gastroscopy were the middle third location, the size greater than 2 cm, and younger age. Those for overestimation of pT1 lesion by computed tomography were male, age more than 70 years, elevated type, and size greater than 3 cm. Conclusions: Diagnostic accuracy of early gastric cancer was 90%, which is comparable to those of high volume center. In patients with early gastric cancer, limited gastrectomy or minimal invasive surgery can be safely introduced at a low volume center also. However, the surgeon of low-volume institute should consider the accuracy of clinical staging before extending the indication of limited treatment.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.947-952
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• 2015

Par-4는 종양 억제 유전자로 암세포 선택적으로 세포사멸을 증진하는 기능을 가진다. Par-4 유전자는 nuclear localization sequences (NLS), leucine zipper (LZ), nuclear export sequence (NES), selective for apoptosis in cancer cells (SAC)의 네 가지 도메인을 가지고 있다. 이 중에서도 SAC 도메인이 Par-4에 의한 세포사멸에 중요한 역할을 하며, 이러한 Par-4의 활성화는 세포 내 경로와 세포 외 경로로 나누어진다. 세포질 내의 Par-4는 핵 내로 이동하여 NF-κB 매개의 세포 성장 경로를 억제하고 세포 밖으로 분비된 Par-4는 세포 표면에 존재하는 수용체인 GRP78과 결합하여 세포 사멸을 유도한다. 따라서 Par-4의 발현을 증가시키는 물질에 의한 세포 사멸뿐만 아니라 암세포에서 발현이 낮은 Par-4의 과발현을 통하여 세포사멸 민감화가 증진된다. 따라서 Par-4는 암 치료의 강력한 표적으로의 가능성을 가지고 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3891-3893
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• 2014

Background: Most patients with endometrial cancer have stage I disease. Adjuvant therapy in stage IB (formerly IC) endometrial cancer is controversial, treatment options including observation or brachytherapy/radiotherapy in grade 1-3 patients with or without chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of our patients with stage IB endometrioid endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: Sixty two patients with stage IB endometrial cancer and endometrioid histology were retrospectively evaluated. All patients were initially treated surgically by the same surgeon with comprehensive staging, i.e. total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salphingooopherectomy, bilateral pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection and omentectomy. Adjuvant radiotherapy was discussed with patients and utilized by those who accepted. Adjuvant chemotherapy was not given to any of the patients. Results: Median age was 62 (range, 42-95). Ninety percent of the patients had grade 1-2 disease. Thirteen patients (21%) received intra vaginal brachytherapy (IVBT) and one received whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT). Median follow-up time was 46 months (range, 9-77 months). Three patients experienced recurrence (4.8%), two of them died on follow-up and one was still alive at last visit. Two patients with recurrence had FIGO grade 2 tumors and one had a grade 3 tumor. Two patients (3.2%) died without evidence of recurrent disease. Relapse free survival at 5 years was 94.4% and overall survival was 93.1%. Conclusions: Patients with stage IB disease in our study demonstrated relatively low recurrence rates although the majority of them received no adjuvant treatment. Surgery alone may be sufficient for most patients with this stage of endometrial cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3503-3507
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• 2013

Background: Although the majority of investigations concerned with TP53 and its protein have focused on coding regions, recently a set of studies highlighted significant roles of regulatory elements located in p53 mRNA, especially 5'UTR. The wrap53${\alpha}$ transcript is one of those that acts as a natural antisense agent, forming RNA-RNA hybrids with p53 mRNA and protecting it from degradation. Materials and Methods: In this study, we focused on the mutation status of exon $1{\alpha}$ of the WRAP53 gene (according to exon 1 of p53) in 160 breast tumor tissue samples and conducted a bioinformatics search for probable miRNA binding site in the p53/wrap53 overlapping region. Mutations were detected, using single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing. We applied the miRBase database for prediction of miRNAs which target overlapping region of p53/wrap53 transcripts. Results: Our results showed all samples to have wild type alleles in exon 1 of TP53 gene. We could detect a novel and unreported intronic mutation (IVS1+56, G>C) outside overlapping regions of p53/wrap53 genes in breast cancer tissues and also predict the presence of a binding site for miR-4732-5p in the 5'UTR of Wrap53 mRNA. Conclusions: From our findings we propose designing further studies focused on overexpression of miRNA-4732-5p and introducing different mutations in the overlapping region of wrap53 and p53 genes in order to study their effects on p53 and its ${\Delta}N$ isoform (${\Delta}$40p53) expression. The results may provide new pieces in the p53 targeting puzzle for cancer therapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the treatment outcomes of adjuvant radiotherapy using vaginal brachytherapy (VB) with a lower dose per fraction and/or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) following surgery for patients with stage I endometrial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 43 patients with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I endometrial cancer who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy following surgery between March 2000 and April 2014. Of these, 25 received postoperative VB alone, while 18 received postoperative EBRT to the whole pelvis; 3 of these were treated with EBRT plus VB. The median EBRT dose was 50.0 Gy (45.0-50.4 Gy) and the VB dose was 24 Gy in 6 fractions. Tumor dose was prescribed at a depth of 5 mm from the cylinder surface and delivered twice per week. Results: The median follow-up period for all patients was 57 months (range, 9 to 188 months). Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for all patients were 92.5% and 95.3%, respectively. Adjuvant radiotherapy was performed according to risk factors and stage IB, grade 3 and lymphovascular invasion were observed more frequently in the EBRT group. Five-year DFS for EBRT and VB alone were 88.1% and 96.0%, respectively (p = 0.42), and 5-year OS for EBRT and VB alone were 94.4% and 96%, respectively (p = 0.38). There was no locoregional recurrence in any patient. Two patients who received EBRT and 1 patient who received VB alone developed distant metastatic disease. Two patients who received EBRT had severe complications, one each of grade 3 gastrointestinal complication and pelvic bone insufficiency fracture. Conclusion: Adjuvant radiotherapy achieved high DFS and OS with acceptable toxicity in stage I endometrial cancer. VB (with a lower dose per fraction) may be a viable option for selected patients with early-stage endometrial cancer following surgery.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2001

목적 : 진행된 성문 상부암 환자에서 p53 유전자 변이 양상을 파악하고 이의 임상적 예후 인자로서의 관련성을 확인하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 경희대학병원에서 병기 3 또는 4의 진행된 후두암으로 진단 받고 근치적 목적의 전 또는 부분 후두 절제술을 시행 받고 4600 cGy 이상의 방사선 치료를 받은 환자 60례 중 적절한 조직을 확보 할 수 있었던 환자 26명을 대상으로 하였다. 조직 일부는 면역 염색을 시행하였고 일부는 p53 유전인자의 exon 5번 부터 8번까지 PCR-SSCP 시행후 PCR-SSCP 상 이상 소견이 있는 환자들의 DNA를 염기서열 분석하였다. 이 결과를 임상적 소견과 비교 분석하였다. 결과 : PCR-SSCP 검사 결과 exon $5\~8$번에서 전체 26례 중 8례$(31\%)$에서 변이를 나타내었다. 8례 모두 점돌연변이었으며 transition이 전체 8례 중 6례이었다. Exon 5번의 변이가 3례, exon 6번의 변이가 4례, axon 7번의 변이가 1예이었다. 전체 환자의 평균 생존 기간은 67.4개월 이었고 p53 변이가 없는 군이 70.2개월, p53 변이가 있는 군이 61.3개월로 p53 변이가 있는 군의 생존 기간이 감소되어 나타났으나 두 군간의 생존 기간의 통계적인 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.596). 환자를 병기 III과 IV로 나누어 SSCP상 변이의 차이를 비교하였는데 병기 III은 양성이 $25\%$이었고 병기 IV는 $36\%$로 나타나 병기 IV 에서 약간 높게 나타났으나 통계적 차이는 없었다(p=0.563). 임파절 음성인 환자 중 SSCP 양성은 $25\%$이었고 임파절 양성인 환자 중 SSCP 양성은 $42\%$이었으나 통계적 차이는 없었다(p=0.437). 결론 : PCR-SSCP 를 이용한 p53 유전인자 변이의 검색은 생존 기간, 병기, 임파절 전이 등과 관련이 없으며 예후인자로서 유용하지 않은 것으로 판단하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.396-405
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to find out the effects of the Er:YAG laser (Key Laser) & Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Water Laser) on inflammatory tissues. Materials and Methods: It was performed on about 20 g, 6 weeks male ICR mouses. They were grouped into the control (negative), the inflammation induced 'control'(positive), Er,Cr:YSGG laser exposured group after inducing inflammation, Er:YAG lasere exposured group after inducing inflammation each 15 mouses. The mouses were applicated 0.5% DNFB 1 cc on ear skin twice a day for 4 days until symptom expression. After laser exposure, ear tissues were extracted and defined gene expression by RT-PCR. Then, tissue staining, lymphocytes observation, electromicroscophic laboratory were carried out. Results: Interleukin-$1{\beta}$ was expressed much less in the A-laser exposed group. Interleukin-$1{\beta}$ & Tumor Necrosis Factor-${\alpha}$ were expressed 7 times lesser in the A-laser exposed group. The number of Lymphocytes related to inflammation was decreased rapidly in the A-laser exposed group in vivo. he number of cavity recovered normal was a little bigger in the A-laser exposed group after 5 days Conclusion: The expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ & TNF-${\alpha}$, hitologic change, observation with electron microscope shows that Erbium laser exposure causes lesser inflammation with A-laser rather than B-laser.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.527-535
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• 1996

연구배경 : 내피세포와 백혈구 및 상피세포에서 주로 발견되는 sICAM-1은 백혈구 표면의 배위자인 (ligand)인 LFA-1과 결합함으로서 염증성 질환 이외에 악성 종양의 전이와 진행에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려졌다. 최근에는 혈청내 sICAM-1의 농도가 악성 흑세포종의 전이와 비례하여 증가되는 것으로 보고되었으며, 또한 sICAM-1의 이형이 여러 질환에서 발견되고 이들의 혈청 농도의 증가는 위암, 대장암, 담낭암, 췌장암의 간전이와 관련되며, 악성 흑세포종 환자의 생존율의 감소와 관련되는 것으로 보고하였으나 폐암에서는 이에 대한 보고는 거의 없다. 이에 저자들은 폐암 환자의 혈청에서 sICAM-1을 측정하여 폐암의 조직학적 분류와 진행 및 전이의 정도에 따른 변화를 알아보고 폐암의 진단적 가치에 대하여 알아 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1995년 1월부터 1996년 3월까지 전북대학교병원 내과에 입원하여 폐암을 진단 받은 환자 38명을 대상으로 하였으며, 정상 대조군은 비슷한 연령의 다른 질환을 갖고 있지 않은 8명을 대상으로 하였으며, 기관지 내시경을 통한 조직 생검이나 경피적 세침 흡입술을 이용하여 확진을 하였으며, 각 조직학적 분류에 따른 진행정도를 알기 위하여 TNM system 을 이용하여 분류하였고, 소세포 폐암은 limited stage와 extensive stage로 분류하였다. Genzyme사의 Predicts sICAM-1 ELISA kit를 이용하여 혈청 sICAM-1농도를 측정하였다. 결과 : 1. 소세포 폐암군에서 혈청 sICAM-1은 정상 대조군에 비해 유의한 증가가 없었으나, extensive stage군에서 limited stage군에 비해 유의한 증가를 보였다. 2. 편평상피암군에서 혈청 sICAM-1은 정상 대조군에 비해 유의한 증가를 보였으며, stage IIIa기 이하군에 비해 stage IIIb기 이상군에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 3. 선폐암 환자군에서 혈청내 sICAM-1은 정상 대조군에 비해 유의한 증가를 보였다. 결론 : 혈청 sICAM-1농도의 변화는 폐암의 조직학적 분류에 따라 다르게 나타나며, 폐암의 전이 및 진행과 관련이 있을 것으로 보인다. 폐암 환자에서 혈청 sICAM-1농도의 측정은 폐암에서 진행의 정도를 평가하는 데 지표로서 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.