• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.651-654
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• 2008

Posttraumatic psoudoaneurysrns of the subclavian artery are very rare. A 49-year-old woman who had been involved in a car accident ten years before presentation was initially diagnosed with a mediastinal tumor at a local clinic. Exploratory thoracotomy was performed for evaluation and treatment. During the operation, a hematoma was evacuated, and primary repair was undertaken to stop massive bleeding. Computed tomography angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the left subclavian artery. The patient was treated with aneurysmectomy and end-to-end anastomosis. The postoperative course was uneventful.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-108
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• 2010

Objective : Thujae Orientalis Folium (TOF) can cool the blood and stop bleeding, eliminate phlegm and relieve cough in Oriental medicine. In addition, the fresh is used alone externally. Recently, TOF is known to have anti-tumor component. And also known to have tyrosinase inhibitory effect. Method : For these reasons, this study was designed to investigate anti-cancer and whitening activities of TOF. In this experiment, effects of TOF on proliferation rates of melanoma cells and on changes in genetic profiles were investigated. The genetic profile for the effect on human derived melanoma cell, SK-MEL-2, was measured using microarray technique, and the functional analysis on these genes was conducted. Results : Total 541 genes were up-regulated and 1,079 genes down-regulated in cells treated with TOF. Genes induced by TOF were mainly concerned with anti-cancer effects and apoptosis. Genes suppresed by TOF were related in extracellular signalling pathway. The network of total protein interactions was measured using cytoscape program, and some key molecules, such as THAP1, MAX1, STAM2, SMAD6, CYCS, PEX5, PSEN1, NONO, MAP2K7 and CREB1 that can be used for elucidation of therapeutical mechanism of medicine in future were identified. Conculusion : These results suggest possibility of TOF as anti-cancer drug for human melanoma. In addition, the present author also suggest that related mechanisms are involved in inhibition of several cancer pathway, activation of apoptosis pathway and suppression of general metabolic pathway.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 1991

For the purpose of evaluation of clinical characteristics and histopathological properties in mediastinal tumors and cysts, 50 patients with mediastinal tumors and cysts treated at the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in Chosun University Hospital during the period from January, 1978 to Mach, 1990 were reviewed. The results of this cases analysis were as follows; 1. of all 50 mediastinal tumors and cysts, 27 patients were male and 23 patients were female. There was no sex preference. The age distribution was from 10 months to 84 years, and mean age was 37 years old, and no age preference. 2. Subjective symptoms were as follows : Dyspnea[54%], Chest pain[44%], Coughing [34%] Fever[16%] and General malaise[12%]. Objective signs were as follows: Decreased breathing sound[46%], Pleural effusion and hemothorax[32%], Palpable neck mass[24%] and SVC syndrome[14%]. But, there were no definitive symptoms in 5 cases[10%]. 3. The most frequently encountered tumors were teratodermoid tumors[26%] followed by lymphomas[22%], thymomas[12%] and benign cysts[8%] in decreasing order of frequency. 4. Based on the subdivision of the mediastinum, 44% of the tumors were in the anterior mediastinum, 24% in the middle mediastinum, 18% in the superior mediastinum and 14% in the posterior mediastinum. 5. The malignant tumors were 25 cases[50%]. 6. The successful removal was possible in all the benign mediastinal tumors and cysts. In malignant cases, the surgical removal had been 12 cases and inoperable cases were treated to radiation and chemotherapy. 7. Postoperative complications were bleeding, wound infection, pneumothorax and vocal cord paralysis. The recurrence was 3 cases. 8. The most frequent mediastinal tumor in the west is neurogenic tumor but is teratoma in Korea.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 2013

Debates exist about the appropriate treatment for pancreatic trauma in children. We intended to examine the safety of the operation of pancreatic trauma in children. This is a retrospective study of 13 patients, younger than 15, who underwent surgery for pancreatic trauma, between 1993 and 2011 in Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Medical records were reviewed for mechanism of trauma, clinical characteristics, radiological findings, operation and outcomes. Organ injury scaling from the AAST (American Association for Surgery of Trauma) was used. All injuries were caused by blunt trauma. Patients with grade III, IV, and those who were difficult to distinguish grade II from IV, underwent surgery due to severe peritonitis. Three patients with grade II were operated for reasons of mesenteric bleeding, tumor rupture of the pancreas, and progression of peritonitis. Distal pancreatectomy was performed in 10 patients and subtotal pancreatectomy and pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy in 1 patient each. The remaining one underwent surgical debridement because of severe adhesions. The location of injury, before and after operation, coincided in 83.3%. The degree of injury, before and after the operation, was identical in all the patients except for those who were difficult to tell apart grade II from grade IV, and those cannot be graded due to severe adhesion. Postoperative complications occurred in 23.1%, which improved with conservative treatment. Patients were discharged at mean postoperative 12(range 8~42) days. Even though patients with complications took longer in time from diagnosis to operation, time of trauma to operation and hospital stay, this difference was not significant. In conclusion, When pancreatic duct injury is present, or patient shows deterioration of clinical manifestation without evidence of definite duct injury, or trauma is accompanied by other organ injury or tumor rupture, operative management is advisable, and we believe it is a safe and feasible method of treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6221-6225
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• 2012

Background: To determine the frequency of HER-2 overexpression in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and to explore the relationship between clinicopathological prognostic factors and their effects on survival, based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Materials and Methods: The study included 80 patients with a histologically proven diagnosis of CRC that received adjuvant FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy at our department between March 2006 and September 2010. Patient data were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The median follow-up period and age of the patients were 24 months and 59 years, respectively. In immunohistochemical staining, 3+ staining was found in 2 patients (2.5%) while 2+ was in 13 (16%). FISH for HER-2 was performed for all of these 15 patients; samples which were 3+ showed positivity but the ones with 2+ were negative. There was no significant correlation between HER-2 expression and age, gender, tumor localization, histological subtype, grade, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, or pTN stage (P>0.05), even when the patients with HER-2 overexpression were analyzed separately. There was also no significant relationship between progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and HER-2 expression, gender, tumor localization, obstruction-perforation, bleeding, histological type, grade, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, or pT staging (P>0.05); however, there was a significant relationship between lymph node involvement, and PFS and OS (P<0.05). Conclusions: Evaluation of HER-2 overexpression in a more comprehensive, multi-center, prospective trial with standardized methods will be an appropriate approach.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.200-205
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• 2004

Uterine leiomyoma is the most common tumor in the female genital tract. Although the tumor is benign, it is of paramount importance since it often causes profuse menstrual bleeding, pressure symptoms, and infertility. Nevertheless, the etiology and patholphysiology of this abnormality remain poorly understood. The traditional definitive treatment for uterine leiomyomas is hysterectomy and, even today, symptomatic leiomyomas are the leading cause of hysterectomy in Korea. Clearly, the development of a safe, effective, and nonsurgical method of treatment for leiomyoma would be of great benefit to many women. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Rhubarb on apoptosis in uterine leiomyoma cells. Results demonstrate that Rhubarb inhibited cell growth in dose-dependent manner. Cell growth significantly decreased to 60% of control in the treatment of Rhubarb (300㎍/㎖). Associated with the decreased response, there was a concomitant and significant delay of subG1 8.32% above baseline in the treatment of Rhubarb (300㎍/㎖). The delay of subG1 showed a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by the flow cytometry. The reduced cellular viability on exposure to Rhubarb may represent the induction of apoptosis, at least in part, as concomitantly evidenced by enhanced DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage and caspase 9 and decreased pro-caspase 3. In addition, Rhubarb decreased clAP1 expression levels in dose-dependent manner. Talcen together, there results suggest that Rhubarb can produce a potent inhibition effect of apoptosis and implicate the delay of G1 phase in the cell cycle and pathways of caspase 3 and 9 in the mechanism underlying inhibitory apoptosis effect of Rhubarb.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1379-1385
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• 2005

Gamisaenghyeolyunbueum (GSYE) is a traditional Oriental herbal medicine prescription, which has been used for the treatment of various allergic disorders, atopic dermatitis, extravasated bleeding from skin, especially skin related disease. The author investigated the effects of GSYE on mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory reactions. GSYE dose-dependently (0.01-1 g/kg) inhibited compound 48180-induced systemic anaphylactic shock and ear swelling response. The inhibitory effect of GSYE on the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48f80 reveals significantly (p<0.05) at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg/ml in a dose-dependent manner. GSYE also inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) by oral administration at 1 g/kg. In addition, GSYE dose-dependently (0.01-1 g/kg) inhibited the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA) and A23187-induced tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ secretion from human mast cell line HMC-1 cells. These results indicate that GSYE may be a beneficial applicability in the allergic-related diseases.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2009

Colon cancer is the second most common malignancy in Korea. It is classified as superficial type, the mass type, the ulcerative type, the ulceroinfiltrative type, the diffuse infiltrative type and the unclassified type according to the colonoscopic findings. We report here on a case of colon cancer that was initially misdiagnosed as acute infectious colitis at the initial presentation. A 64-year-old man visited to Yeungnam University Hospital for watery diarrhea and lower abdominal pain. Colonoscopy revealed long segmental edematous mucosa and hyperemic mucosa with stenosis in the transverse colon. He was diagnosed as having acute infectious colitis according to the colonoscopic finding. However, two days later after colonoscopy, he visited the emergency room for hematochezia. We performed computerized tomography (CT) and obtained blood samples to find the origin of the bleeding. We found thickening of the transverse colon lumen and ascites on the CT finding and an elevated level of tumor markers; we also obtained the results of the colonoscopic biopsy that was done via colonoscopy. He was finally diagnosed as having colon cancer with carcinomatosis, a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

Purpose: To provide basic informations for guidelines of Ginseng usage during lactation. Method: Based on a regulation of scope and preparation of herbal prescriptions by Ministry of health and welfare of Korea, we selected the formulae for postpartum care and disease in 7 Korean Medical Classics. And we searched the number of formulae including Ginseng, dosage and indications of Ginseng in formulae in those books. Results: The range of Ginseng dosage during lactation from medical classics is 1.5-18.75g/day for medical purposes. Indications of Ginseng are lethargy, excessive bleeding, asthma, fever, cold, pain, dizziness, mental disorder, spasm, digestive problem, constipation, diarrhea, urinary incontinence, edema, breast engorgement, lack of breastmilk, breast ulcer, etc. But Ginseng had not been used in the case of stroke, epistaxis, beginning of mastitis, tumor of lower abdomen. Conclusions: Ginseng should be recommended less than 1.5g/d as a nutritional supplement. If breastfeeding woman wants to take Ginseng as a medication or as a tonic, she should consult with a official specialist about proper prescription and dosage instead of risky random medication.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.99-102
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• 2009

Inflammatory pseudotumor is an uncommon lesion with unknown etiology characterized by sclerosing inflammation which clinically and radiographically mimics a neoplastic lesion. A 47-year-old man presented with sudden headache and dysarthria. Brain CT scan revealed a $2.6{\times}2.2\;cm$ sized, round, and hyperdense mass in the anterolateral wall of the left lateral ventricular trigone. On MR imaging studies, the mass showed low signal intensity in the wall of the trigone on T2-weighted image, central mixed (iso- and high-) signal intensity with peripheral low-signal intensity on T1-weighted image. Subtle staining of left choroid plexus with irregular shaped distal branch of anterior choroidal artery was found on the cerebral angiography. These findings suggested a small tumorous lesion originated from the left choroid plexus. During the hospital days, the mass manifested as repeated hemorrhages. The mass was successfully removed via left occipital transcortical approach. The histopathological report of the specimen was hemorrhage and fibrosis, with dense lymphoplasma cell infiltration, suggestive of an inflammatory pseudotumor.