• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2006

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is often difficult to diagnose and challenging to treat. Untreated, it is characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure and death. The past decade has seen remarkable improvements in therapy, driven largely by the conduct of randomized controlled trials. Still, the selection of most appropriate therapy is complex, and requires familiarity with the disease process, evidence from treatment trials, complicated drug delivery systems, dosing regimens, side effects, and complications. We tried to provide evidence-based treatment recommendations for physicians involved in the care of these complex patients. Due to the complexity of the diagnostic evaluation required, and the treatment options available, it is strongly recommended that consideration be given to referral of patients with PAH to a specialized center.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.245-249
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• 1991

Surgical intervention for pumlmonary tuberculosis has been controverted for last several decades. Although it is widely held that the chemotherapy is the best modality for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, surgical intervention has still some roles in well elected circumstance. At the National Kongju Tuberculosis Hospital in Korea, we performed a retrospective case Cohort study through the regular follow-up of 463 cases, who underwent the surgical intervention for pulmonary tuberculosis between January 1986 and April 1990. The results were as follows: 1) The male to female ratio was 1.8:1 and 84.4% of the patients were between 20 and 49 years of age. 2) According to the NAT classification, 6 cases (1.3%) were minimal, 216 (46.7%) moderately advanced and 241 (52%) far advanced. 3) One hundred and thirty four cases (28.9%) had the treatment history of 5 to 10 years and 129 cases (27.9%) of 3 to 4 years. 4) As for the pathologic entities, 172 cases (37.1%) had the totally destroyed lung and 137 (29.6%) destroyed lobe or segment. 5) A total of 238 cases (51.4%) underwent pneumonectomy and 153 (33.0%) lobectomy. 6) As the post-operative complications, 21 cases (4.5%) had empyema and 11 (2.4%) bleeding. The rate of complication after pneumonectomy and lobectomy was 5.8% and 3.2%, respectively. 7) Six cases (1.3%) died post-operatively. 8) Out of 238 cases with pre-operative positivity for AFB, 212 achieved the negative conversion, its rate being 89.1%. It follows from these results that although it has a limit, surgical intervention may play an important role in treating some patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.775-780
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• 1993

Pulmonary aspergilloma resulting from colonization of Aspergillus fumigatus is potentially life-threatening disease due to massive hemoptysis. Between August 1990 and November 1993, twelve patients were operated for the treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma. The mean age was 38.8 years. All patients had underlying cavitary lung disease, and the tuberculosis is the most common cause. Ten patients have experienced hemoptysis, but the clinical presentation of hemoptysis at the time of operation was mostly intermittent and scanty. Operative procedures were segmentectomy in 1 patient, lobectomy in 8, pneumonectomy in 2, and pleuropneumonectomy in 1. There were three complications, bronchopleural fistula in one patient and prolonged air leak in 2. There was no postoperative death. Conclusively, our results suggest that established aspergilloma associated with tuberculosis or other cavitary lesions should undergo early elective pulmonary resection, even though it has only minimal hemoptysis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 1976

The author reviewed 263 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis operated on at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital during the 19 year period, from January, 1957 to December 1975. Following observations were made: 1) The sex ratio was 2.8: 1 in male's favor, and 83.6% of the patients were between 20 and 49 years of age. 2) The trends in operative procedures revealed that surgical collapse as a definitive therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis has virtually disappeared and operations required for residuals of pleural diseases have increased. 3) The overall hospital mortality rate was 3-8%. The highest mortality rate was encountered in the cases of resection and decortication with 28.6%, 4) The rate of overall postoperative complications was 24.7%, the highest being encountered in decortication with 56.4%. 5) The most frequent cause of death was bleeding, while the dead space was the most frequent complication.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.321-328
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• 1997

연구배경 : 고령환자에 있어서 술후 호흡기 합병증의 위험인자인 흡연, 연령, 마취 방법, 수술종류, 수술시간, 폐질환등이 술후 합병증과 연관성이 있는지를 조사하고, 또 폐기능의 어떤 계측치가 술후 합병증을 예견하는데 유용한지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 60세이상의 수술받은 환자 270명을 대상으로 환자의 연령, 흡연유무, 마취방법, 수술종류, 수술시간, 과거 폐질환 병력에 따라 술후 합병증을 평가하고 폐기능 검사의 계측치를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 60~69세군에 비해 70세 이상군이 술후 합병증이 많이 발생하였으며 성별에 따른 차이는 없었다. 흡연군이 비흡연군에 비하여 술후 합병증이 많이 발생하였다. 수술의 종류와 술후 합병증은 연관성이 없었다. 수술시간은 2시간이상군이 2시간이내군보다 술후 합병증이 많이 발생하였다. 전신마취가 척추 및 국소 마취보다 술후 합병증이 많이 발생하였다. 술전 만성 폐질환이 있는군이 없는 군보다 술후 합병증이 많이 발생하였다. 동맥혈 가스분석에서 이산화탄소분압이 45mmHg 이상군이 이하군보다 술후 호흡기 합병증이 많이 발생 하였다. 폐기능 검사의 계측치중 $FEV_1$, FVC, MMEFR, MVV가 술후 합병증을 예측하는데 유용하였다. 결 론 : 70세이상의 연령, 흡연, 2 시간이상의 수술시간, 전신마취, 술전 만성폐질환, 동맥혈 가스분석에서 이산화탄소분압이 45mmHg이상군이 술후 호흡기 합병증이 많이 발생하였고, 폐기능 검사의 계측치중 $FEV_1$, FVC, MMEFR, MVV가 술후 합병증을 예측하는 지표가 될 수 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2011

Background: Stopping medical treatment by tuberculosis (TB) patients prior to completing treatment period is a major concern in private hospitals. We evaluated the impact of public-private mix (PPM) project on increasing treatment success rate of TB in a private tertiary hospital in Korea. Methods: Starting in February 2009, TB patients treated at Dankook University Hospital received health education and case monitoring activities by specially trained public health nurses (PPM project). On a retrospective basis, we reviewed medical records and compared the treatment outcome of TB patients treated under the PPM project (PPM group) to patients treated without the PPM project (control group) between January 2008 and June 2010. In addition, we also evaluated the risk factors treatment non-completion. Results: The number of patients in the PPM group and control group were 123 (85 pulmonary TB and 38 extrapulmonary TB) and 146 (101 pulmonary TB and 45 extra-pulmonary TB), respectively. The PPM group had demographic and clinical findings comparable to those of control group. The PPM group showed a significantly higher treatment success rate (93.5%) compared to the control group (77.9%). However, development of complications, proximity to the hospital, and presence of co-morbid disease did not influence the treatment success rate. Conclusion: The PPM project was effective at increasing the TB treatment success rate. An effort to improve and to expand the PPM project is needed in private Korean hospitals.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제86권4호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2023

The healing process of tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TB) results in tracheobronchial fibrosis causing airway stenosis in 11% to 42% of patients. In Korea, where pulmonary TB is still prevalent, post-TB tracheobronchial stenosis (PTTS) is one of the main causes of benign airway stenosis causing progressive dyspnea, hypoxemia, and often life-threatening respiratory insufficiency. The development of rigid bronchoscopy replaced surgical management 30 years ago, and nowadays PTTS is mainly managed by bronchoscopic intervention in Korea. Similar to pulmonary TB, tracheobronchial TB is treated with combination of anti-TB medications. The indication of rigid bronchoscopy is more than American Thoracic Society (ATS) grade 3 dyspnea in PTTS patients. First, the narrowed airway is dilated by multiple techniques including ballooning, laser resection, and bougienation under general anesthesia. Then, most of the patients need silicone stenting to maintain the patency of dilated airway; 1.5 to 2 years after indwelling, the stent could be removed, this has shown a 70% success rate. Acute complications without mortality develop in less than 10% of patients. Subgroup analysis showed successful removal of the stent was significantly associated with male sex, young age, good baseline lung function and absence of complete one lobe collapse. In conclusion, rigid bronchoscopy could be applied to PTTS patients with acceptable efficacy and tolerable safety.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제76권5호
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• pp.237-239
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• 2014

The early pulmonary consequences of inhalation injury are well documented; however, little is known about delayed pulmonary complications following thermal inhalation injury. Although thermal injury below the vocal cords is rare because of effective heat dissipation in the upper airway, inflammatory endobronchial polyps have previously been reported as a delayed complication associated with inhalation injury. We report an extraordinary case of tracheobronchial polyps in patients with smoke inhalation injury. This report shows the delayed development and natural course of tracheobronchial polyps following thermal injury.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2006

연구배경 : 폐결핵의 치료 후에도 폐의 섬유화, 기관지확장증, 공동 등의 구조적 변화와 이로 인한 폐기능의 악화가 발생하는 경우가 있지만, 이러한 폐결핵의 합병증에 대한 발병기전에 대해 거의 알려진 것이 없다. Transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$)은 손상 받은 조직의 정상적인 치유과정의 매개체와 세기관지주위 섬유화에 주요한 기여인자로서 작용한다고 알려졌다. 저자들은 폐결핵의 영상학적 진행 및 폐기능의 변화와 $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도와의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 대상 환자 35명 중 남자가 17명, 여자가 18명이었고 연령분포는 22세에서 65세로 중앙값은 46세였다 모든 환자에서 폐결핵 치료 전에 혈청과 기관지폐포 세첵액(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, BALF)를 폐결핵 치료 이전에 채취하여 $TGF-{\beta}1$을 측정하였으며 폐기능검사와 고해상도 흉부전산화단층촬영(high resolution computed tomography, HRCT)을 치료 전과 후에 시행하여 비교분석하였다. 기관지폐포 세척액의 식염수와의 희석정도를 보정하기 위해 epithelial lining fluid (ELF) 용적을 알부민 교정방법에 구하여 기관지폐포 세척액에서 $TGF-{\beta}1$의 농도를 교정하였다 결 과: 치료 전의 BAL $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도는 치료 전의 HRCT에 의한 영상학적 점수와는 상관관계를 보이지 않았으며 치료 전의 혈청 $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도는 공동과 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.46, p<0.01). 6개월간의 치료기간 동안 HRCT에 의한 영상학적 변화및 폐기능의 변화와는 $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도가 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결 론: 폐결핵에서 치료 전 혈청 $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도는 공동의 진행 정도와 관련이 있었지만 이의 확인을 위해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 1974

Clinical observations were made on 513 cases of pulmonary resection for tuberculosis, those were treated at the Department of Thoracic Surgery in National Medical Center from January 1964 to December 1973. 1. The ratio of male to female cases of operation was 2.8:1 in male predominence and age from 21 to 30 occurred 74.3% of the total cases. 2. The extent of disease showed 59.3% moderately advanced, 38.4% far advanced and 2.3% minimal cases. Duration of chemotherapy before surgery was more than one year in 92.7% and only 7.3% was treated less than one year. Preoperative sputum examination for AFB was persistent negative in 8.6,% of cases. 3. Different operative procedures were performed in 513 cases, lobectomy in 230, pneumonectomy and Pleuropneumonectomy in 172, segmentectomy in 63, lobectomy and supplemental segmentectomy with conventional thoracoplasty in 32 cases. 4. The postoperative complications occurred in 67 cases [13.0%]. Of these complications, bleeding in 4.6% , dead space problem in 2.5% and empyema with or without bronchopleural fistula occurred in 2.3% of cases. 5. Overall mortality within 5 months postoperative period was 1.5,0/0 and the most common causes of death were due to shock and empyema with bronchopleural fistula. 6. In all our 867 cases of report I and II, complications occurred in 13.9% and mortality rate was 1.8%.