• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 2021

For agricultural water management, it is essential to establish the digital infrastructure data such as agricultural watershed, irrigated area and canal network in rural areas. Approximately 70,000 irrigation facilities in agricultural watershed, including reservoirs, pumping and draining stations, weirs, and tube wells have been installed in South Korea to enable the efficient management of agricultural water. The total length of irrigation and drainage canal network, important components of agricultural water supply, is 184,000 km. Major problem faced by irrigation facilities management is that these facilities are spread over an irrigated area at a low density and are difficult to access. In addition, the management of irrigation facilities suffers from missing or errors of spatial information and acquisition of limited range of data through direct survey. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and redefine accurate identification of irrigated areas and canal network using up-to-date high resolution images. In this study, previous existing data such as RIMS (Rural Infrastructure Management System), smart farm map, and land cover map were used to redefine irrigated area and canal network based on appropriate image data using satellite imagery, aerial imagery, and drone imagery. The results of the building the digital infrastructure in rural areas are expected to be utilized for efficient water allocation and planning, such as identifying areas of water shortage and monitoring spatiotemporal distribution of water supply by irrigated areas and irrigation canal network.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.75-87
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• 2022

Purpose : This retrospective investigation study aimed to determine the predictive validity of superficial surgical site infection assessment tools by measuring the risk score at the surgical site. Methods : This study included patients hospitalized to the general surgery department of a Hospital from January 2021 to December 31, 2021. The inclusion criteria were age ≥19 years, general abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, and hospital stay longer than 2 days. Patients who had undergone transplantation were excluded. Results : Tool validity results showed that tools including surgical time and operative procedure were more accurate than previously developed tools, with a sensitivity of 71.1%, specificity of 71.4%, positive prediction of 12.3%, negative prediction of 97.8%, and area under the curve of 0.743 (95% confidence interval, 0.678~0.745). The tool's cut-off score was 15, and the risks of infection was increased by 6.14 times at or above this cut-off point. Preoperative hair removal period, surgical wound classification, surgery time, body temperature on the second day after surgery, drainage tube type, and suture type affected the risk of infection at the surgical site. Conclusion : The incidence of healthcare-associated infections has been declining in the past decade; however, surgical site infections still account for a considerable proportion. Therefore, early identification of high-risk groups for surgical site infection is crucial for reducing the incidence of surgical site infection using appropriate management.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2024

Background: Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) are commonly used to manage bleeding in patients during cardiac surgery. However, the relative efficacy and safety of these 2 strategies remain uncertain. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for studies comparing PCC and FFP in patients who underwent cardiac surgery complicated by bleeding. Review Manager (RevMan) ver. 5.4 (Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration) was used for statistical analysis. Binary and continuous outcomes were compared using pooled risk ratios and mean differences, respectively. The meta-analysis protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under protocol number CRD42022379144. Results: We included 8 studies with 1,500 patients, of whom 613 (40.9%) received PCC. The mean follow-up period ranged from 28 to 90 days. The PCC group had significantly lower chest tube drainage at 24 hours (mean difference [MD], -148.50 mL; 95% CI, -253.02 to -43.99 mL; p=0.005; I² =42%). Fewer units of red blood cells (RBCs) were transfused within the first 24 hours (MD, -1.02 units; 95% CI, -1.81 to -0.24 units; p=0.01; I² =56%), and fewer patients required RBC transfusion within the first 24 hours (risk ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.93; p<0.007; I² =45%) in the PCC group. There were no statistically significant differences in secondary outcomes. Nonetheless, a subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trials failed to corroborate the results obtained from the main analysis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PCC can be effective, without increased adverse events, when compared with FFP in patients undergoing cardiac surgery complicated by bleeding.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.903-916
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• 2023

This study aims to establish basic data for efficient management of rural water by analyzing regional irrigation facilities and benefitted areas in the statistical yearbook of land and water development for agriculture at the watershed level. For 511 domestic rural water use areas, water storage facilities (reservoirs, pumping & drainage stations, intake weirs, infiltration galleries, and tube wells) are spatially distributed, and the benefitted areas provided at the city/county level are divided by water use area to provide agricultural water supply facilities. The characteristics of rural water district areas such as benefitted area, were analyzed by basin. The average area of Korea's 511 rural water districts is 19,638 ha. The average benefitted area by rural water district is 1,270 ha, with the Geum River basin at 2,220 ha and the Yeongsan River basin at 1,868 ha, which is larger than the overall average. The Han River basin at 807 ha, the Nakdong River basin at 1,121 ha, and the Seomjing River basin at 938 ha are smaller than the overall average. The results of this basic analysis are expected to be used to set the direction of various supply and demand management projects that take into account the rational and scientific use and distribution of rural water and the characteristics of water use areas by presenting a quantitative definition of Korea's agricultural water districts.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.42-54
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• 2024

Purpose : This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an advanced practice nurse (APN)-driven ventilator weaning protocol for patients undergoing cardiac surgeries. Methods : A retrospective analysis was conducted on 226 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital between January and June 2020, following a cardiac surgery. Patients were divided into an APN protocol-applied group (experimental group, n=152) and a control group managed based on doctors' judgment (n=74). Ventilator weaning criteria and clinical outcomes, including duration of ventilation, length of ICU stay, and rate of reintubation, were compared between the two groups. Results : Patients in the control group were older and had a higher incidence of massive bleeding from chest tube drainage (>100 cc/hr) at baseline. The average duration of ventilation was significantly shorter in the experimental group compared to the control group (7.44 vs. 21.61 hours, p <.001). Furthermore, the mean length of ICU stay was shorter in the experimental group compared to the control group (47.96 vs. 77.97 hours, p <.001). There was no difference in the rate of reintubation between the two groups. Conclusion : These findings suggest that an APN-driven ventilator weaning protocol can improve clinical outcomes without significant complications. These results support the adoption of APN-driven mechanical ventilator weaning protocols in clinical practice.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.342-350
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• 2024

Background: The maintenance of antiplatelet therapy increases the risk of bleeding during lung cancer surgery. Conversely, the perioperative interruption of antiplatelet therapy may result in serious thrombotic complications. This study aimed to investigate the safety of continuing antiplatelet therapy in the context of lung cancer surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 498 elderly patients who underwent surgery for lung cancer. These patients were categorized into 2 groups: group N, which did not receive antiplatelet therapy, and group A, which did. Group A was subsequently subdivided into group Am, where antiplatelet therapy was maintained, and group Ai, where antiplatelet therapy was interrupted. We compared the incidence of bleeding-related and thrombotic complications across the 3 groups. Results: There were 387 patients in group N and 101 patients in group A (Ai: 70, Am: 31). No significant differences were found in intraoperative blood loss, thoracotomy conversion rates, transfusion requirements, volume of chest tube drainage, or reoperation rates for bleeding control between groups N and A or between groups Am and Ai. The duration of hospital stay was longer for group A compared to group N (7 days vs. 6 days, p=0.005), but there was no significant difference between groups Ai and Am. The incidence of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular complications did not differ significantly between groups Ai and Am. However, group Ai included a severe case of in-hospital ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Conclusion: The maintenance of antiplatelet therapy was found to be safe in terms of perioperative bleeding and thrombotic complications in elderly lung cancer surgery patients.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.11
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• pp.81-97
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• 1972

Experiments and investigations were done basically and practically for the purpose of labor saving in paddy rice cultivation especially on Homizil i.e. hoeing and herbicide, 1969. 8 concrete tanks were established on the open base of Keon Kuk University for comparison of percolation, dissolved oxygen and yield test of rice in the paddy plot of tank. The dimension of the bottom of each tank is square meter. Each of the 4 of the 8 tanks is 21cm in height and each of the remaining 4 tanks is 36cm. Each tank has a system that comprises 2 sets of tubes, each of which has 20 holes of 5mm in diameter scattered every side and is covered with nylon cloth taking water in the tank. One set consists of 4 P.V.C tubes. The first set is situated 8cm below the top of the tank and the second set is located at bottom layer inside the tank. The 4 tubes of each set are combined together and led to the glass tube which protects from inside to outside. And this inside-outside glass tube is connected to the small rubber tube. Also a glass tube is set 4cm below the top of the tank. Paddy loam was filled on sand in each of the tanks in the soil depth of either 15cm or 30cm. The depth of sand was 5cm in the soil depth of 15cm and 10cm in the soil depth of 30cm. (Fig. 1, 2 and 3). The paddy rice was grown in the tank. The percolation of water, the dissolved oxygen and the yield of rice were observed in the tank. And the dissolved oxygen was detected by Winkler method. A sandy paddy field of heavy percolation was selected at the field of the National Agricultural Material Inspection Center in Seoul. It was divided into 9 plots. These plots were given 3 treatments: (A) not hoeing, (B) hoeing one time and (C) hoeing two times. These treatments were replicated 3 times along the latin square design. The paddy rice was grown and sprayed with Stam F-34 in the all plots for the purpose of killing weeds before hoeing. The two types of paddy of field i.e. one for normal percolation and the other for ill drainage were selected at Iri Crop Experiment Station, Jeonla-Bukdo. Each field was divided into 24 plots for 8 treatments. They are: (A) not hoeing; (B) hoeing one time; (C) hoeing two times; (D) not hoeing but treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (E) hoeing one time and weeding two times also treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (F) hoeing two times and weeding one time a], o treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (G) hoeing two times and weeding two times also treating with herbicide, Pamcon, ; (H) usual manner. The labor hours and expenses needed for weeding in the paddy by hoeing were investigated in a farmer at Suwon and the price of herbicide and the yield of rice were taken out at Iri, Jeonla-Bukdo. The results obtained from the above experiments and investigations are as follows: 1. The relationship between percolation and dissolved oxygen shows that a very small amount of oxygen is detected in the soil water under 2cm below surface of earth in the paddy even when percolation is over 4.0cm per 24 hours (Tab. 1). 2. The relationship between percolation and yield of rice shows that the yield of rice increases in the percolation of 0cm and 1.5cm per 24 hours and decreases in the percolation of 2.5cm and 3.4cm in the plot of the 15cm ploughing depth and increases in the percolation of 1.4cm and 3.0cm and decreases in the percolation of 0cm and 4.0cm in the plot of 30cm ploughing depth (Tab. 1 and Fig. 5). 3. The yield of paddy weeded with Stam F-34 in the sandy field of heavy percolation in Seoul was 3.02 tons in the plot of not hoeing, 2.99 tons in hoeing one time and 3.05 tons in hoeing two times per hectare (Tab. 5). 4.1). 4. 1) The yield of rice per 10 ares in the field of normal percolation at Iri was 338kg in not hoeing, 379kg in hoeing one time, 383kg in hoeing two times, 413kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and not hoeing, 433kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing one time and weeding two times, 399kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding one time, 420kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding two times and 418kg in usual manner (Tab. 6-1). 2) The yield of rice per 10 ares in the field of ill drainage at Iri was 323kg in not hoeing, 363kg in hoeing one time, 342kg in hoeing two times, 388kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and not hoeing, 425kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing one time and weeding two times, 427kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding one time, 449kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding two times and 412kg in usual manner (Tab. 6-2). 5. 1) The labor hours for weeding by hoeing was 37.1 hours but 53.5 hours if hours for meal, smoking and so on are included, and the expenses including labor cost needed for weeding by hoeing in the paddy rice was 2, 346 Won per 10 ares at Suwon (Tab. 7). 2) The labor hours for weeding by spraying herbicide with hand sprayer in the paddy rice was about 5 hours per 10 ares at Suwon and the expenses for weeding by spraying herbicide in the paddy rice was 750 Won but 1130 Won if the loss by decrement of rice in the paddy field of ill drainage per 10 ares is calculated in estimation at Iri (Tab. 8). From these observations and investigations it is known that using of some kinds of herbicides Saves labor and expenses of weeding, almost without giving damages to the rice itself, in the field of normal or heavy percolation comparing usual manner of hoeing.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.438-443
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• 2004

Background : The treatment strategy for urinary spontaneous pneumothorax has progressively changed with the introduction of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Recently, we modified the strategy of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. If the patient had mild dyspnea and the lung was minimally collapsed, 2 mm thoracoscopic examination was performed. If no blob or bullae was inspected, the intrathoracic air was evacuated through the 2 mm thoracoscopic troca without closed thoracostomy, and if the blob and bullae was noted, the 10 mm thoracoscopic bullecotomy was carried out immediately and also application of fibrin glue was substituted for pleural abrasion. We compared the clinical outcomes of modified treatment strategy with conventional strategy in primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Material and Method: Patients were divided into four groups. Group I (n=21) underwent 2 mm thoracoscopic examination. Group II (n=68) underwent closed thoracostomy. Group III (n=56) underwent VATS and application of fibrin glue. Group IV (n=87) underwent VATS and pleural abrasion. The duration of chest tube drainage, the duration of hospitalization and the recurrence rate were compared between group I and group II and between group III and group IV. Result: Mean age, sex, location of pneumothorax were not different in all groups. In group I, the blob or bullae were existed in 12 patients, In remaining 9 patients, the bleb or bullae was not inspected. The mean duration of hospitalization in 9 patients were 2.4 $\pm$1.0 day and in group II were 3.9$\pm$2.1 day (p=0.014). There was 1 case of recurrence among the 9 patients in group I and 26 recurrences in group II (p=0.149). The mean duration of chest tube drainage were not difference in group III and IV (group III: 2.8$\pm$1.8 day, group IV: 3.0$\pm$2.5 day). The mean duration of hospitalization was shorter in group III than group IV (group III: 5,6$\pm$2.7 day, group IV: 1.3$\pm$3.3 day)(p=0.002). There was no recurrence in group III and 7 recurrences in group IV (p=0.043). Conclusion: Our modified treatment strategy of primary spontaneous peumothorax was effective in short hospital course and low recurrence rate.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2019

Purpose: This study analyzed the treatment effects of drain insertion in the posteromedial portal after an arthroscopic synovectomy and posterior septum resection for pyogenic arthritis. Materials and Methods: From June 2005 to December 2016, 56 cases (55 patients, 1 case of bilateral knee) were diagnosed with pyogenic arthritis and arthroscopic treatment was performed. Fourteen patients (25.0%) were identified with causative organisms. The average follow-up period was 12.3 months, and the mean age was 67.8 years old. Twenty-four cases were males and 31 cases were females. Kellgrene-Lawrence grade (K-L grade) I was 6 patients, II was 20 patients, III was 11 patients, and IV was 18 patients. Surgery was performed through six portal. The posterior septum was removed and a drainage tube was inserted from the posterior medial side to the posterior side of the joint. The Lysholm score was used after surgery for a functional evaluation. The K-L grade at the time of admission and at the last follow-up were compared for a radiological evaluation. Results: The mean normalization period of the C-reactive protein was 59.8 days (6-164 days). Intravenous antibiotics were used for an average of 37.1 days. The results of the functional evaluation revealed a mean Lysholm score of 64.5 (30-98) in a total of 56 cases. Two reoperations was performed, but the treatment was completed with same method in all patients. The K-L grade was similar at the time of surgery and at the last follow-up (p>0.05). Conclusion: The method of drain insertion in the posteromedial portal after arthroscopic synovectomy and posterior septum resection for pyogenic arthritis is an effective technique that can obtain satisfactory results by inducing proper exudate discharge.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.12 s.257
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• pp.821-827
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• 2005

Background: Hemodilution after priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass is known to increase the possibility of bleeding and homologous transfusion in adult cardiac surgery. We investigated the effects of retrograde autologous priming (RAP) to see whether it would decrease postoperative bleeding and homologous transfusion. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed 34 patients wpho underwent RAP and 46 patients who did not. Retrograde autologous priming consisted of arterial lire drainage, venous reservoir and oxygenator drainage and venous line drainage. We compared the amount of priming solution and RAP volume, perioperative hematocrit, postoperative bleeding and transfusion requirements in the two groups. Resuit: Mean withdrawal volume in RAP group was 613.5$\pm$160.6 mL and initial priming volume was 1381.9$\pm$37.2 mL. Hemoatocrits ($\%$) in RAP and control groups were 25.0$\pm$3.7 vs 20.9$\pm$3.6 (5 minutes after CPB), 25.9$\pm$3.7 vs 22.5$\pm$3.6 (30 minutes after CPB), 25.9$\pm$3.4 vs 23.8$\pm$2.8 (60 minutes after CPB), 31.9$\pm$3.9 vs 31.5$\pm$4.5 (postoperative 1 hour), 32.4$\pm$4.4 vs 32.1$\pm$4.5 (postoperative 6 hours), 33.4$\pm$5.0 vs 31.7$\pm$5.1 (postoperative 1 day)[repeated measures ANOVA, p < 0.05]. Chest tube drainages (mL) in the two groups were 357.2$\pm$177.1 vs 411.7$\pm$279.5 (postoperative 6 hours), 599.4$\pm$145.6 vs 678.8$\pm$256.4 (postoperative 24 hours)[t-test, p < 0.05]. Homologous transfusion was performed in 7 out of 34 patients in RAP group (20.6$\%$), and 16 out of 46 (34.8$\%$) in control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that the effects of reducing the priming volume during cardiopulmonary bypass may result in lesser bleeding and homologous transfusion. Retrograde autologous priming would be used to reduce postoperative bleeding and chance of transfusion after adult cardiac surgery.