• Title/Summary/Keyword: Tsugaru apple

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Freshness Prolongation 'Tsugaru' Apple by Pressure Cooling (차압예냉처리가 쓰가루사과의 선도유지에 미치는 효과)

  • 김병삼;김의웅;김동철
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.365-370
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of precooling in the prolongation of freshness of Tsugaru apple. Tsugaru apple was precooled to 1$^{\circ}C$ by the pressure cooler and stored at 1$^{\circ}C$ and 25$^{\circ}C$. Precooling time was required about 5 to 6 hours for Tsugaru apple that filled in the plastic container and faster than that in the carton. The respiration rate was decreased with the reduction of the product temperature by precooling. Tsugaru apple could store about 9 days and 35 days at room temperature and 1$^{\circ}C$, respectively.

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Changes in Polygalacturonase and Ethylene Biosynthesis of Three Varieties of Apple During Fruit Ripening

  • Kim, Se Hee;Han, Sang Eun;Lee, Hye Eun;Cho, Mi-Ae;Shin, Il Sheob;Kim, Jeong-Hee;Cho, Kang-Hee;Kim, Dae-Hyun;Hwang, Jeong Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.481-487
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    • 2010
  • The ripening behavior of three apple cultivars, 'Tsugaru', 'Hongro' and 'Fuji' was distinctive and the involvement of POLYGALACTURONASE(PG) in the fruit softening process was confirmed to be ethylene dependent. Fruit softening is genetically coordinated by the action of several cell wall enzymes, including PG which depolymerizes cell wall pectin. Also, loss of firmness is associated with increasing of the ripening hormone, ethylene. In this work, climacteric ripening of three apple cultivars, Tsugaru, Hongro and Fuji, producing different ethylene levels and ripening responses, was examined. Correspondingly in Fuji, a linear and basal ethylene level was observed over the entire period of measurements, and Tsugaru and Hongro displayed a typical climacteric rise in ethylene production. Transcript accumulation of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis (MdACS3 and MdACO1) and MdPG1 was studied in Tsugaru, Hongro and Fuji cultivars. Expression of MdACO1 transcripts was shown in all three ripened apple fruits. However, the MdACS3 and MdPG1 were transcribed differently in these cultivars. Comparing the MdPG1 of 'Tsugaru', 'Hongro' and 'Fuji', structural difference was discovered by genomic Southern analysis. Overall results pointed out that MdACS3 and MdPG1 play an important role in regulation of fruit ripening in apple cultivar.

A Dimensionless Index for Quantitative Evaluation of Apple Freshness

  • Cho, Y.J.
    • Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.38-42
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    • 2000
  • Though the freshness for agricultural products is an important factor related to their quality management, this terminology is being used restrictedly because it is very subjective. In this study, a dimensionless index which had the span of the maximum of 1 through the minimum of 0 was proposed to describe freshness of the product with time-variant quality and was applied to Tsugaru and Fuji apples. First, the compressive properties having the linearity in their change regarding time elapsed after harvest were selected. For Tsugaru apple, bio-yield and rupture forces had high correlation with time while for Fuji, bio-yield and rupture deformations had high correlations. When the slope, or ratio of force to deformation, was considered, the effect of cultivar could be neglected. When the linearly time-variant compressive properties for Tsugaru and Fuji apples were involved in the freshness indices, they described well freshness of apples. Also, the freshness decay constant depicted a characteristic which related to freshness decay rate. Therefore, the freshness index can be utilized to manage the quality during storage and distribution of apples.

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Quality and Antioxidant Properties of Tofu Coagulated with 'Tsugaru' Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) Juice (쓰가루 사과즙을 이용한 두부의 품질 및 항산화 특성)

  • Kim, Dong-Ho;Hong, Kyeong-Nam;Lim, Yeo-Kyeong;Cha, Seung-Hyeon;Ryu, Ji-Eun;Cho, Jin-Ho;Kim, Dae-Il;Yoo, Do-Il;Jang, Keum-Il
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.45 no.8
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    • pp.1130-1137
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    • 2016
  • In this study, we investigated the quality, antioxidant properties, and sensory characteristics of tofu coagulated with 'Tsugaru' apple (Malus domestica Borkh) juice. Yield, $^{\circ}Brix$, pH, total acidity, total polyphenol content, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of 'Tsugaru' apple juice were 60%, 10.3, 3.89, 0.51%, 2.26 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, $20{\mu}g$ L-ascorbic acid equivalent (AE)/g, and $75{\mu}g$ AE/g, respectively. In case of Tofu coagulated with 20% (w/v) 'Tsugaru' apple juice, yield, $^{\circ}Brix$, pH, total acidity, hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, total polyphenol content, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were 165%, 6.23, 0.27%, 513 g, 315, 0.61, 12.04 mg GAE/g, $80.67{\mu}g$ AE/g, and $92.32{\mu}g$ AE/g, respectively. Both the manufacture yield and pH of tofu decreased with increasing amount of 'Tsugaru' apple juice, whereas total acidity increased. Regarding the texture and chromaticity of tofu coagulated with increasing amounts of 'Tsugaru' apple juice, hardness, chewiness, and a- and b-values increased, whereas cohesiveness and L-value both decreased. In terms of antioxidant activities, total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity increased, whereas ABTS radical scavenging activity was maintained within a certain range. Finally, concerning the sensory evaluation (taste, color, flavor, and overall preference) of tofu coagulated with 30% (w/w) 'Tsugaru' apple juice showed the highest scores. Taken together, these results support the possible use of 'Tsugaru' apple juice in producing various foods, as addition of juice enhanced quality, antioxidant properties, and sensory characteristics of tofu.

Effect of Pressure Cooling for Quality of 'Tsugaru' Apple during Storage at different Temperatures (수확후 예냉처리가 쓰가루사과의 저장중 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • 김병삼;현남억;남궁배
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.371-375
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of precooling on the qualify of Tsugaru apple. Tsugaru apple, filled in plastic container and carton, was precooled by pressure cooler and stored at 1$^{\circ}C$and 25$^{\circ}C$. At 25$^{\circ}C$, Hunter a-value was not shown the difference significantly and Hunter b-value was increased more than a-value during l month. However, Hunter a and b-value was not increased so much at 1$^{\circ}C$. Hardness and toatal acidity was decreased during storage and precooled apple was less decreased than non precooled. Free sugars in Tsugaru apple was consisted of 7.07% fructose, 2.85% glucose, and 2.53% sucrose. Free sugars were decreased during storage at 25$^{\circ}C$ and 1$^{\circ}C$, also, the precooling inhibited those decomposition.

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Combined Effects of Postharvest Calcium Chloride and Heat Treatment on the Quality Characteristics of Fresh-Cut Tsugaru Apple

  • Seo, Ja-Young;Kim, Eun-Joeng;Hong, Seok-In;Yoon, Hye-Hyun;Kim, Dong-Man
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.529-533
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    • 2006
  • To produce fresh-cut fruit products of high quality, the combined effects of postharvest calcium and heat treatment on Tsugaru apple were examined. Whole fruits were treated for 20 min at three different conditions: dipping in 3% $CaCl_2$ solution at $45^{\circ}C$ or ambient temperature, or in heated water at $45^{\circ}C$. The calcium content of the apples dipped in $CaCl_2$ solution at $45^{\circ}C$ was higher than that of the control and the non-heated calcium dipping. The fruits with calcium and heat treatment showed the same pattern of respiration rates as the control did during storage. The browning degree of the apple slices increased to approximately 3% after one-day storage, but no significant difference was observed between the treated and untreated apples. The fruits with $CaCl_2$ solution dipping at $45^{\circ}C$ had higher firmness than those with calcium dipping or heat treatment alone.

Preference of Apple Leaves of Three Cultivars, Fuji, Tsugaru and Hongro by Tetranychus urticae Koch and Its Life Table Analysis (점박이응애의 사과 품종(후지, 쓰가루, 홍로)에 대한 선호성과 생명표 분석)

  • Kim, Young-Il;Jung, Chuleui
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.60 no.1
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 2021
  • Two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the major pests in apple orchards. TSSM was known to show different population dynamics depending on apple cultivars. We tested the host plant preference and fitness of TSSM on the leaves of 3 apple cultivars, Fuji, Tsugaru, and Hongro. TSSM showed higher behavioral preference to Fuji than Tsugaru and Hongro, and showed a higher fecundity in Fuji. The immature development of this mite was the shortest in Fuji and longest in Hongro. Total fecundities were not significantly different among cultivars, but daily fecundity was higher and longevity was lower in Fuji. Hongro was the less preferred cultivar for TSSM, and showed the lowest fitness by life table parameters. These results could explain the possible mechanisms of differential population dynamics among apple cultivars. Further study including diverse apple cultivars currently available in Korea could help to deploy time- and cultivar- specific IPM tactics.

volatile Flavor Components in Various Varieties of Apple (Molus pumila M.) (사과의 품종별 휘발성 향기성분)

  • 이해정;박은령;김경수
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.597-605
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    • 2000
  • This study was investigated to compare the volatile flavor components in fuji, tsugaru, hongro and jonathan (Malus pumila M.). In the results of analyzing the volatie components of four varieties apples with GC-FID and GC/MS, 100, 68, 85 and 94 volatiles were identified in fuji, tsugaru, hongro and jonathan apples, respectively. Hexanal, butanol, (E)-2-hexenal, hexanol,3-methy-1-butanol, ethy1actate, ethyl butyrate, 2-methybutyl acetate and hexy1 acetate were major flavor components in the four varieties of apple, though there were several differences in composition of colatiles.

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Influence of Low Temperature and Chilling Time on Freezing Hardness of Apple Dwarf-rootstocks and Main Cultivars in Korea (저온 및 저온경과시간이 사과나무 왜성대목 및 주요품종의 내동성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kweon, Hun-Joong;Sagong, Dong-Hoon;Song, Yang-Yik;Park, Moo-Yong;Yoon, Tae-Myung
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.59-71
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    • 2014
  • This study was conducted to find out the freezing hardness of apple tree as influenced by dwarfrootstocks, cultivars, and low temperature treatments. The dwarf-rootstocks used were M.9 and M.26, and three cultivars used were early-maturing 'Tsugaru', mid-maturing 'Hongro', and late-maturing 'Fuji'. Chilling temperatures were applied from $0^{\circ}C$ to $-40^{\circ}C$. Checking points of apple tree for freezing hardness were rootstock, trunk, feather, floral bud and foliar bud. Investigations were evaluated by the measure of water loss, electrolyte leaching, and sprouting. The results did not show the differences in water loss, electrolyte leaching, and sprouting by dwarf-rootstocks. Water loss of 'Fuji' was lower than that of 'Tsugaru' and 'Hongro', but sprouting ratio of 'Fuji' was higher than that of 'Tsugaru' and 'Hongro'. Water loss and electrolyte leaching increased as treated by lower temperature, while sprouting ratio decreased. In $-35^{\circ}C$ treatment, sprouting of rootstock and trunk part were higher than that of feather, while sprouting of floral bud was lower than that of foliar bud. Sprouting of bourse shoot at the accumulated low temperature in terms of $-10^{\circ}C$ per day was 100% in the 28 days, and sharply decreased about 50% in the 35 days. In conclusion, there were no differences in freezing hardness between M.9 and M.26, but freezing hardness of late-maturing cultivar was tended to stronger than that of early-maturing and mid-maturing cultivars. Freezing hardness of floral bud was extremely weak $-30^{\circ}C$.