• Title/Summary/Keyword: Trunk temperature

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Studies on the Environmental Factors for Sap Exudation of Acer mono and the Resource Development of its Community (2): Environmental Factors and Tree Recovery (고로쇠나무(Acer Mono)의 수액출수에 미치는 환경요인과 그 군락의 자원화에 관한 연구 (2): 환경요인 및 공시목의 회복)

  • Kim, Chul-Soo;Kwak, Ae-Kyung
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.533-545
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    • 1994
  • The bleeding of 39 Acer mono trunks by wounding was investigated at the altitudes of 400m, 500m, 800m, and 1100m on Wangsirobong (1,214m), Mt. Chiri area (127°34'E., 35°14'N.) from February 4 to March 21, 1993 and from February 23 to March 23, 1994. The amount of sap in a day was clodely related to the change of air temperature and wind speed. Especially, the abundant sap was exudated at the ranges of -4~13℃ in the daily range of temperature and it was below 0.14m/s in wind speed. The most abundant bleeding was exudated from Acer mono trunk located south facing slope in 800m altitude. Also the amount of sap increased with incereasing suface area of crown. The maximum bleeding of sap was collected from the hole punctured at 80cm height from the ground surface at southern part of the trunks. And the number of exudation holes had an important effect on bleeding of sap but the number of holes should be controlled by DBH of trunks. These results suggested that the exudation was influenced by the daily range of temperature and wind speed. And the altitude, direction of sloped where the trees occurred, surface area of crown, the number of exudation holes, height form the ground surface and the direction of the hole was 91.6% when germicide (Dimethyl-4,4' -ophenylene bis 3-thio alonate) was treated from April to October after bleeding of sap in the year.

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A Real Situation Experimental Study on The Thermal Protection Performance of Firefighter Clothes and Gloves (소방방화복 및 소방장갑의 열 보호 성능에 대한 실제 화재 실험 연구)

  • Lee, Won Jae;Kang, Gu Hyun;Jang, Yong Soo;Kim, Wonhee;Choi, Hyun Young;Kim, Jae Guk;Kim, MinJi;Seo, Kyo;kim, Do hee;Lee, Joo-young;Choi, Jung Yoon
    • Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.17-21
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the thermal protective function of firefighter clothes and gloves through real scale fire simulations. Methods: Firstly, the fire simulation by real scale flame was performed for firefighter clothes. A manikin equipped with firefighter clothes was directly exposed to flames which energy average is 84 Kw/m2. for 22 seconds. Heat flux gauges attached on the body measured surface temperature elevation. Secondly, we also performed the other fire simulation by hot plate exposure to firefighter gloves. Firefighter gloves with heat flux gauges exposed hot plate which temperature is 300℃ in both dry and moist conditions. Primary outcome was surface temperature change of manikin body (first simulation) and hand (second simulation) over times. Results: In the first flame simulation, the surface temperature of face and shoulders elevated more rapidly comparing with the other body surface area when initial period of flame shutter open. After 18sec of shutter open, the surface temperature of upper trunk elevated rapildy. After shutter closure, high surface temperature kept continuously on right side of face and left shoulder. In the second hot plate simulation, fingers and palms showed higher surface temperature than the other areas of hands in the both dry and wet conditions. Conclusion: This study suggests that the real scale flame enables firefighter clothes to lose their heat protective function suddenly after 18 seconds. Additionally, the protective function of firefighter gloves were relatively weaker in the palmar side of fingers than the other parts of hand. There should be additional study for evaluate thermal protection performance of firefighter clothes. And, further effort for reinforce palmar side of fingers of firefighter gloves should be done.

A Novel Air-cell Mattress Based on Approximate Anthropometric Model for Preventing Pressure Ulcer

  • Moon, In-Hyuk;Kang, Sung-Jae;Kim, Gyu-Seok;Mun, Mu-Seong
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.1278-1282
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    • 2005
  • Air mattress is now used widely to prevent the pressure ulcer by reducing the localized pressure peaks. In this paper an air-cell mattress and its pressure control method based on an approximate anthropometric model are presented. The air-cell mattress has eighteen cylindrical air cells made of porous material allowing air leakage to contribute in reducing the development of pressure ulcer by lowering the pressure peak, temperature and humidity. To determine an optimal air-cell pressure appropriate for each user, we divide the parts of the body into four sections such as head, trunk, hip, and leg. Then, the pressure of each section is independently calculated from the weight of each part based on the individual body height and weight and the approximate anthropometric model. Air supply system for the air-cell mattress is implemented by using four electronic solenoid valves and an air compressor, and it is driven by a real-time micro-controller. The experimental results with seven subjects shows that the proposed air-cell mattress is effective for the prevention of the pressure ulcer.

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The Effects on 3-Dimensional Exercise of Lumbar Stabilization for Chronic Low Back Pain (3차원 요부 안정화 운동이 만성요통에 미치는 효과)

  • Kwon, Won-An;Yang, Kyung-Han;Lee, Jae-Hong
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 2006
  • Purpose: This study is intended to evaluate the effects of lumbar stability after 3-dimensional exercises of lumbar stabilization. Methods: Total subjects with chronic low back pain(age ranged from 20 to 60) were recruited. All subjects received 3-dimensional exercise of trunk stabilization during 4 weeks in 00 orthopedic clinic, from May 15 to October 15 in 2006. All measurements of each patients were measured before and after lumbar stabilization exercise. Results: After lumbar stabilization exercise by CENTAUR(R), the muscle power was increased from 57.99kNm to 72.01kNm, there were statistically remarkable differences(p<0.05). VAS was lessened from 6.35 to 3.26, there were statistically remarkable differences(p<0.05). After lumbar stabilization exercise by CENTAUR(R), the temperature was increased from $27.68^{\circ}C$ to $28.26^{\circ}C$, there were remarkable differences statistically(p<0.05). Conclusions: It has been turned out that lumbar stabilization exercise has positive effect on the muscle strengthening, pain index and thermal change.

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A Literary Study on Phellinus Iinteus (상황버섯에 대한 문헌적 고찰)

  • Cho, Hee-Chul;Kim, Kwang-Ho;Kwon, Ki-Rok
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.57-63
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    • 2003
  • Background : This study was to investigate existing studies on the mushroom Phellinus linteus for possible applications in treating hard to cure diseases and uses in herbal acupuncture as the above is known to have an anti-cancer effects and stimulating the immune system. Results : Based on the literary consideration, the following results were obtained : 1. Proteins and polysaccharides of the Class Basidiomycetes activate the host immune system for anti-cancer action without known side effects, thus it can be given for the prevention and treatment of cancer as a supplement. Phellinus linteus mushroom showed the most significant effects. 2. The Phellinus linteus mushroom is a fungi in the family Hymenochaetaceae and Phellinus, under the class Basidiomycetes. Phellinus linteus can be often found on the trunk of mulberry trees and other latifoliate trees. 3. The characteristics of Phellinus linteus are sweet, neutral in temperature, non-toxic, dissipate the stagnated blood, stop bleeding, invigorate the blood circulation and remove stasis, and nourish qi. It has been used for treating continuous menstrual discharge among the female patients and removing masses in the abdomen to name a few. 4. Phellinus linteus contains agaric acid, fatty acid, C23 and other numerous enzymes. 5. Phellinus linteus is known to have anti-cancer and anti-oxidant effects, stimulation of the immune system, as well as anti-inflammatory effects, inhibition of angiogenesis, and analgesic actions.

Turn-to-Turn Dielectric Characteristics of Coils for HTSFCL (고온초전도 한류기용 코일의 턴간 절연 특성)

  • Baek, Seung-Myeong;Joung, Jong-Man;Lee, Chang-Hwa;Nguyen, Van Dung;Kim, Sang-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2003.08a
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    • pp.15-18
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    • 2003
  • Fault current limiters (FCL) are extensively needed to suppress fault currents, especially for trunk power systems heavily connected to high voltage/large current transmission lines. Due to its ideal electrical behavior, high-temperature superconductor fault current limiter (HTSFCL) becomes one of the most important developing trends of limiters in power system. This paper describes the result of an investigation of the dielectric characteristics of turn-to-turn insulation for pancake and solenoid type reactor coil in liquid nitrogen. The influence of thickness in a variety length, on AC, DC and impulse surface flashover has been investigated. Also, the relationships between the number of turn and breakdown characteristics were clarified. The information gathered in this test series should be helpful in the design of liquid nitrogen filled DC reactor type HTSFCL.

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Ventilation and Comfort Sensation by Slit Positions of Running Wear Jackets (러닝웨어 재킷의 슬릿 위치가 통기성과 착용감에 미치는 영향)

  • Lim, Ji-Hye;Roh, Eui-Kyung;Yoo, Hwa-Sook;Kim, Eun-Ae
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.33 no.11
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    • pp.1794-1805
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    • 2009
  • This study investigates the influence of slit positions on the microclimate temperature/humidity of garments. To design the slits, a market survey was performed to indicate the method to apply the slits, in addition to a literature survey about muscles and body surface variation through body movements. Based on the survey, three positions of slits were selected, shoulder slit, lowback slit, and midback slit, a slit width of 1cm and length to 30cm was used. The results showed that microclimate temperatures/humidity on the back according to the slit positions were in the order of, lowback, midback, and the shoulder. The lowback slit showed the highest effect on the temperature/humidity of a front trunk. Lowback slits affected on localized areas of the glutaeus maximus, erector spinae, and latissimus dorsi. Midback slits affected the back muscle and deltoid. Shoulder slits showed a more significant effect on the localized area of the deltoid versus other localized areas. In the subjective sensations, the lowback slit was cooler, dryer, and more comfortable than the other slits. For the subjective sensations by fabric characteristics, the slit positions correlated at |r|${\geq}.8$ and were significant at p<.001 The results show that the lowback slit has a superior air exchange effect and thermoregulation qualities.

Thermo-physiological Responses of the Lower Grade Elementary School Children -A Comparison Between Japanese and Korean Children- (초등학교 저학년 아동의 체온조절반응 -일본아동과 한국아동의 비교-)

  • Kim Seong-Hee;Lee Uk-Ja;Tamura Teruko
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.29 no.12 s.148
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    • pp.1527-1534
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    • 2005
  • In order to clarify the characteristics of the thermo-physiological responses of the child and to understand the influence of the country where the child has grown up on the responses, the thermo-physiological responses of the Japanese children(J group) and the Korean children(K group) were examined. The subject wearing shorts was exposed first to a thermo neutral room$(Ta=28.5^{\circ}C)$ for 1 hour, then transferred to a cold$(Ta=22^{\circ}C)$ or a hot$(Ta=37^{\circ}C)$ room for 1 hour. The experiment was done in the climate chamber of Bunka Women's University in the summer of 1997 for Japan, and in the climate chamber in the Keimyung University in the summer of 1998 for Korea. The subjects consisted of 5 boys and 5 girls aged 7-9 years in Japan and 4 boys and 4 girls aged 7-9 years in Korea. As a result: 1) The rectal temperature increased slightly with a rise in air temperature. K group showed a slightly higher rectal temperature. 2) The skin temperature of the hand and foot decreased conspicuously during cold exposure. It was more in the K group than in the J group. 3) Relative local sweat rates were similar in the two groups at $22^{\circ}C\;and\;28.5^{\circ}C$, while they were considerably different at $37^{\circ}C$. Even perspiration was observed over the whole body in the J group but the perspiration was large in the trunk and low in the extremity in the K group. 4) The heart rate was higher in the J group than in the K group but it increased with the rise of the air temperature in both groups.

The Changes of Sweating Area, Temperature and Blood Flow in the Upper and Lower Extremity after Hyperhidrosis Operations (다한증수술후 발한분포 및 상하지의 온도변화와 혈류량변화)

  • 김용환;장윤희;문석환;조건현;왕영필;김세화;곽문섭;김학희;장혜숙
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.456-460
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    • 1999
  • Background: Thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis has been recognized as an effective treatment using thoracoscopic devices and operative techniques, but the satisfaction has decreased due to a compensatory hyperhidrosis. Therefore, the postoperative results and compensatory hyperhidrosis were analyzed. We also measured the temperature differences in the hand and foot during the preoperative and postoperative periods and measured the blood flow of upper and lower extremities. Material and Method: From December 1995 to July 1998, total of 47 patients with hyperhidrosis underwent sympathectomy via VATS at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital. The patients were evaluated for preoperative and postoperative temperature changes on the finger and toe, and preoperative and postoperative blood flows were measured by the Doppler examination on the digital artery, radial artery and dorsalis pedis artery. Result: There were no operative deaths but some complications existed: 7 pneumothorax, 3 recurrence and 1 Honor syndrome. Ninety-five percent of the patients also had compensatory sweating especially in the trunk. There were 5 patients who regretted recurring the operation because of the compensatory sweating. Sweating decreased in 46% of the sole hyperhidrosis patients. The temperature difference between preoperation and postoperation was 1$^{\circ}C$ on the right hand side and 1.9$^{\circ}C$ on the left hand side(P<0.05). There was no significant temperature difference on the sole. Blood flow increased significantly in the palm, but no difference in the sole. Conclusion: In conclusion, thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis is a safe and effective treatment but satisfaction has been decreased by the compensatory sweating; therefore, it is important to thoroughly explain the compensatory sweating prior to surgery. Improvement of the plantar hyperhidrosis is not due to a physiological change, but to a psychological stability.

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Breeding and Reproductive Studies on Korean Native Loach III. Early Embryonic Development (한국산 미꾸리에 관한 육종 번식학적 연구 III. 초기 난발생)

  • 이종영;윤종만;이재현;신재구;박홍양
    • Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.63-76
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    • 1992
  • This study was carried out to investigate the appearance time of the second polar body for producing Gynogenesis or Triploid which could be obtained by arresting the second polar body by cold shock, and then blastoderm was used to measure fertility that revealed the nature of oogenesis, the effects of water temperature on fertility, hatchability, abnormality, viability and growth rate, and the water temperature and the breeding methods to prevent early death of larvae in Korean loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) ; the results obtained in this study were summarized as follows. The second polar body was observed ont he surface of plasma disc close to micropyle within 10~40 min after fertilization at 29$^{\circ}C$. Artificial inseminatin had to be done immediately after the egg spawning because the spermatozoa of loach their mobility within 2 minutes when they were exposed to water. The amount of time needed to reach at blastoderm stage was 12 hours if fertilized eggs were incubated at 16$^{\circ}C$, 8 hours at 19$^{\circ}C$, 6 hours at 21$^{\circ}C$, 5 hours at 23$^{\circ}C$, 4 hours at 26$^{\circ}C$ and 3 hours 30 min at 29$^{\circ}C$ showing the shorter time for development of eggs at higher temperature. Fertilization rates in water temperatures of 19$^{\circ}C$, 21$^{\circ}C$, 23$^{\circ}C$, and 26$^{\circ}C$ were higher than those of water temperatures, 16$^{\circ}C$ and 29$^{\circ}C$. Water temperatures at 19$^{\circ}C$, 21$^{\circ}C$, and 23$^{\circ}C$ showed higher hatching rates that those of 16$^{\circ}C$, 26$^{\circ}C$, and 29$^{\circ}C$, while abnormal rates in 16$^{\circ}C$, 19$^{\circ}C$, 21$^{\circ}C$ and 23$^{\circ}C$ were lower than that of 26$^{\circ}C$ and 29$^{\circ}C$. Water temperatures at 16$^{\circ}C$, 19$^{\circ}C$, 21$^{\circ}C$, 23$^{\circ}C$ and 26$^{\circ}C$ respectively, were more different than 29$^{\circ}C$ in survival rates. The embryos were hatched at 72 hours after fertilization in 16$^{\circ}C$ water temperature, 48 hours in 19$^{\circ}C$, 40 hours in 21$^{\circ}C$, 32 hours in 23$^{\circ}C$, 25 hours in 26$^{\circ}C$, and 16 hours in 29$^{\circ}C$. Within three days after hatched out, the larvage grew 3mm in total length, the yolk granules were entirely consumed and the head and the trunk became thicker. Within 45 days after hatched out, the larva grew 25mm at 29$^{\circ}C$, 21mm at 26$^{\circ}C$, 16mm at 23$^{\circ}C$, 15mm at 21$^{\circ}C$, 12mm at 16$^{\circ}C$ in a 30 litreglass aquarium.

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