• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the activity ratios of global trunk muscles and local trunk muscles in relation to adjustments in the level of task difficulty while performing stability exercises in easily applied bridging lumbar stabilization exercise. Twenty healthy subjects performed bridging lumbar stabilization exercise while the level of task difficulty was plate was used in the same posture for all the exercises. EMG was used to examine the activity ratios of the global muscles and multifidus in relation to the level of task difficulty. Moreover, the activity ratios of the multifidus muscle, the erector spinae and the gluteus maximus muscle were measured. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used, and a Bonferroni correction was conducted (${\alpha}$=.05). When the bridging lumbar stabilization exercise were performed at different difficulty levels, the activity of the multifidus muscle, which is a local muscle, was high in all three exercises. Also, compared to low intensity and intermediate intensity exercises, high intensity exercises showed more significant differences (${\alpha}$=.05). Among all the muscles, the multifidus showed the highest activity at intermediate intensity. Based on these results, we suggest that in the case of bridging lumbar stabilization exercise, low intensity or intermediate intensity exercises are more suitable and efficient for local muscle stabilization.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the surface electromyography(EMG) activity of trunk region muscle between normal subjects and chronic low back pain(CLBP) patients during one leg stance. Methods : The subjects were 27 people, were consisted of 12 subjects who don't have low back pain and 15 subjects who have low back pain from 19 to 28 year of age(mean age 22.22). We used surface EMG to evaluate the activity of the Rectus abdominis, External abdominal oblique, Quadratus lumborum, Gluteus medius muscle. We used independent two samples t-test for statistical data. Results : The result of this study showed that the maximal voluntary isometric contraction(%MVIC) ratio of the trunk muscles was higher in patients with CLBP than in normal subject. But there were no statistically significant differences. There were statistically significant differences of the activity of the Quadratus lumborum, Gluteus medius muscle(p<0.05).

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects lumbar stabilization exercise with kinesio taping on pain, muscle strength, and oswestry disability index (ODI) in patients with chronic low back pain. Design: Two groups pre-post randomized controlled design Methods: Thirty-two subjects were randomly divided in two groups; 1) lumbar stabilization exercise with kinesio taping group (Experimental group, n=16), 2) lumbar stabilization exercise with sham kinesio taping group (Control group, n=16). The intervention was conducted in each group for thirty minutes a day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. Both group did 30 minutes of lumbar stabilization application. Evaluations were performed before the commencement of training and again 4 weeks after training was initiated. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain level of patients with chronic low back pain. Distal muscle test was used to evaluate muscle strength of trunk extension. In addition, ODI was used to evaluate activity daily life of low back pain. Results: After training, the VAS, muscle strength of trunk extension and ODI were significantly more improvement in Experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: We confirmed that the effects of lumbar stabilization exercise with kinesio taping group on pain, muscle strength, and ODI in patients with chronic low back pain.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.1-18
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• 2009

Background: This study was to investigate the effects of spinal strengthening exercise and lumbar stabilization exercise(core exercise program) on trunk muscle strength, flexibility and balance, lumbar function. The subjects of this study were the eighteen subjects who was registered in private guard company. The each exercise group of 9 persons were chosen by random controlled trial. Methods: We used instrument BTE, Libra, Ruler Measuring tape to measured trunk muscle strength, flexibility, balance and lumbar function. Results: The result of this study were summarized below; The flexor muscle strength was improve in lumbar stabilization exercise(core exercise) group(p<.05). The extensor muscle strength was improve in lumbar stabilization exercise(core program) group(p<.05). The trunk flexibility was improve in spinal strengthening exercise group and lumbar stabilization exercise group(p<.05). The balance ability was improve in spinal strengthening group and lumbar stabilization exercise group(core program) group(p<.05). Conclusion: With the above results, demonstrated effects of spinal strengthening exercise and lumbar stabilization exercise in each private guard and security in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.221-229
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of bridging stabilization exercises of trunk muscles activity on a Swiss ball according to change of position. Methods：30 healthy university students volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following three exercise positions. Exercise position 1; Supine bridge with Swiss ball, Exercise position 2; Side bridge with Swiss ball, Exercise position 3; Prone bridge with Swiss ball. Surface electromyography from selected trunk muscles was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Results : A repeated measures of ANOVA with Duncan's correction was used to determine the influence of exercise type on muscle activity for rectus abdominis, external oblique, erector spinae. The erector spinae of exercise position 1 showed significantly higher muscle activity than exercise position 2, 3(p<.05). The external oblique of exercise position 2, 3 showed significantly higher muscle activity than exercise position 1(p<.05). The rectus abdominis of exercise position 3 showed significantly higher muscle activity than exercise position 1, 2(p<.05) Conclusion： These results indicate that muscle activity can be influenced by addition of a Swiss ball in bridging exercises. It is recommend to use a Swiss ball for trunk stabilization exercise.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.496-508
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• 2020

This study reviews studies on the core stabilization of respiratory muscle training for the elderly health. Previous research data and presenting basic literature data suggest that respiratory activation is an important mechanism for core strengthening via exercise interventions for the elderly. The review found that first, the mechanism of improving the respiratory muscles weakened by aging to address the loss of core function due to old age sarcopenia among the elderly results entails promoting the autonomic nervous system by focusing on the respiratory muscle activation pattern, the core muscle sensation mobilized for body centering. Second, nerve roots, intraperitoneal pressure, and deep muscles in the trunk of the body can be promoted while controlling respiratory stimulation with cognitive feedback. Effortful inspiration increases the activation of respiratory assistive muscles and effortless exhalation can improve the core muscle mobilization by involving abdominal muscles. Third, through respiratory muscle training, the elderly can increase their awareness of spinal centering and improve the ability to control the deep core muscles that must be mobilized for core stabilization. In conclusion, respiratory muscle training to increase the utilization of the trunk muscles seems to be a useful core stabilization exercise for the elderly with chronic tension and joint degeneration.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of bridging stabilization exercises on trunk muscles activity on and off a Swiss ball. 20 healthy university students volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following four exercises: exercise 1, single bridging exercise; exercise 2, feet on ball bridging exercise; exercise 3, calf on ball bridging exercise; exercise 4, back on ball bridging exercise. Surface electromyography from selected trunk muscles was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. A repeated measures of ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni's correction was used to determine the influence of exercise type on muscle activity for each muscle and descriptive statistics was used to determine local/global muscle ratios. The rectus abdominis of exercise 4 showed significantly higher muscle activity than rectus abdominis of exercise 1, 2, 3 (p<.05). The external oblique of exercise 2, 4 showed significantly higher muscle activity than external oblique of exercise 1 (p<.05). The internal oblique of exercise 2, 4 showed significantly higher muscle activity than internal oblique of exercise 1 (p<.05). The erector spinae of exercise 2, 3, 4 showed significantly higher muscle activity than erector spinae of exercise 1 (p<.05). Median of internal oblique/rectus abdominis ratio of exercise 1 was 1.16, exercise 2 was 2.43, exercise 3 was 2.45, exercise and 4 was 1.27. Median of internal oblique/external oblique ratio of exercise 1 was 1.01, exercise 2 was .91, exercise 3 was .99, and exercise 4 was .93. Muscle activity can be influenced by addition of a Swiss ball in bridging exercises. It is recommend to use a Swiss ball for trunk stabilization exercise.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a multi-modal exercise program for patients with chronic low back with respect to pain intensity, trunk muscle strength and Oswestry disability index. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic low back pain were recruited and divided equally into two groups. The multi-modal training program comprised a series of exercises such as warm-up, stabilization exercises, stretching, endurance exercises, and cool down whereas the control group performed only stabilization exercises. The both group spent an equal amount of time performing 60 minutes per day, three times per week, for five weeks. Results: The experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in range of motion, trunk muscle strength, the visual analogue scale, and the Oswestry Disability Index (p<.05). Intergroup comparison showed a statistically significant difference in the range of motion of the lumbar spine and the degree of disability in the experimental group. Muscle strength and pain were statistically significant in both groups. Conclusion: The multi-modal exercise program is effective for patients with chronic low back pain, as it reduces lower back pain, increases trunk muscles strength, and decrease the potential for becoming disabled.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supporting surface instability to trunk and lower extremity muscle activities during bridging exercise combined with core-stabilization exercise. Thirty young healthy adults (15 males and 15 females) voluntarily participated in this study. Each subject was asked to perform bridging exercise combined with core-stabilization exercise on three different supporting surfaces (stable ground surface, the wooden balancing board, and the air cushion). The muscle activities were measured using surface electromyography (EMG) during performing exercise. To test statistical significance, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used with the significance level of .05. The findings of this study are summarized as follows. (1) There were significant differences in muscle activities on internal oblique, external oblique, gluteus medius, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius during exercise (p<.05). (2) The biceps femoris and lateral gastrocnemius showed significantly higher muscle activity on the wooden balancing board rather than on the ground, and semitendinosus, biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius showed significantly higher muscle activity on the air cushion rather than on the ground (p<.05). Therefore, it is concluded that muscle activities in the trunk and the lower limbs during bridging exercise combined with core-stabilization exercise was affected with instability of supporting surface. Further researches are needed to investigate the long term effect of bridging exercise on muscle activity with patient group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2016

PURPOSE: Bridge exercise is widely used in rehabilitation exercise for trunk stabilization through various applications in clinical practice. However, there is a lack of studies changing the base of support for the shoulders. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the base of support for the shoulders of trunk muscle activation during bridge exercise. METHODS: 20 healthy subjects (10 men, 10 women) in their twenties were participated in this study. They performed 5 bridge exercises (bridge exercise with their shoulders on a stable table (1/2 knee height, knee height), and on a sling (1/2 knee height, knee height), conventional bridge exercise. The surface electromyography were used for rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and erector spinae (ES). RESULTS: During bridge exercise that their shoulders on the sling of 1/2 knee height, the RA, EO, IO muscle activities were significant increased. And during bridge exercise that their shoulders on the stable surface of knee height, the IO/RA ratio were higher than other positions but there were no significant difference between positions for EO/RA, IO/RA ratio. CONCLUSION: Based on this result, using various bases of support and changing the height of bridging exercise may be used to provide effective trunk stabilization exercises.