• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2008

본 연구는 2008 베이징 장애인 올림픽에 참가하는 국가대표 휠체어 탁구 선수들 중 대표적인 절단장애 선수와 척수장애 선수의 스트로크를 대상으로 운동학적 비교분석을 실시하였다. 실재와 같은 경기상황을 설정하여 모든 경기 상황에서의 스트로크를 수집하였다. 그중 대표적인 포핸드 스트로크 세 개의 동작과 백핸드 스트로크 세 개의 동작을 추출하였다. 9대의 적외선 카메라를 이용하여 수집한 자료는 LabVIEW7.0 그래픽 프로그램을 이용한 운동학적 분석에 의하여 각운동으로 나타내었다. 그 결과 척수장애 선수의 포핸드 스트로크에서는 몸통의 회전이 하위분절인 어깨의 회전과 팔꿈치의 굴곡신전과 거의 동시에 이루어지고 있었다. 백핸드 스트로크는 몸통의 회전, 어깨의 굴곡-신전, 그리고 팔꿈치의 굴곡-신전이 날아오는 공의 연장선상에서 일정한 형태로 정렬되어 있었고 공을 치기위한 백스윙은 어깨의 회전을 이용해 만들고 있었다. 절단장애 선수의 포핸드 스트로크는 팔의 외측회전으로 백스윙과 내측회전으로 만들어지는 회전을 이용하여 스트로크 하고 있었다. 백핸드 스트로크는 어깨의 회전과 허리의 회전에 있어 내측회전이 백스윙을 만들고 백스윙 후 공을 향한 큰 폭의 외측회전으로 임팩트를 이루고 있었다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Purpose: The objective of this study was compare the effect of core muscle strengthening between core exercise on stable surface and core exercise on unstable surface. Methods: Thirty-nine adults participated in this study and were randomly allocated to three groups. The stable surface exercise group and unstable surface exercise groups practiced core muscle training for $3{\times}30minute$ sessions over a 4-week period. The control group did not received therapeutic intervention except pre and post test. The following clinical tools were used to assess core muscle strength and balance: Side Plank Test, Trunk Flexion Test, Balance Error Scoring Test, Core Muscle Stength & Stability Test. Results: The stable surface exercise group showed significant improvement in trunk muscle strength of anterolateral part as revealed by the Side Plank Test and Trunk flexion Test(p<.05). The unstable surface exercise group showed significant improvement in trunk muscle strength of anterolateral part and balance ability as revealed by the Balance Error Scoring Test and Core Muscle Strength & Stability Test(p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study, both core exercise on stable surface and core exercise on unstable surface induced core muscle strengthening and balance ability. Expecially core exercise on unstable surface more effective to core muscle strengthening and balance ability.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of obesity, blood composition and physical ability in obese children on body weight control program. Methods : The body weight control program included exercise, nutrition education and auricular acupuncture was performed 4 times a week during 12 weeks. 32 obese children whose body fat ratio were over 30% participated in this study. Measuring materials were body composition(weight, muscle mass, fat mass, fat ratio, BMI), physical measurement(height, waist circumference, chest circumference, hip circumference), physical ability(grip strength, sit-ups, sitting trunk flexion, sit-down stand-up test, standing long jump, opened eyes foot balance, side step), blood composition(WBC, Hb, ESR, Total Cholesterol, TG, GOT, GPT, BUN, Creatinine, Glucose) and survey(changes of eating habits, changes of living habits, knowledge of obesity, self-confidence, self-esteem). Results : From the results, positive changes were made in BMI, height, waist circumferences, chest circumferences, hip circumferences, sit-ups, sitting trunk flexion, sit-down stand-up test, standing long jump, opened eyes foot balance, side step, Hb, ESR, GOT, GPT and changes of eating habits through the body weight control program. Conclusions : This results suggest that body weight control program including exercise, nutrition education and auricular acupuncture may be effective for helping obese children.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.297-308
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among isometric and isokinetic muscle strength, lean body mass(LBM) and bone mineral density(BMD) in the elderly. Eleven males(age, 70.27${\pm}$5.78yr; height, 167.36${\pm}$6.68 cm; weight, 68.34${\pm}$8.23 kg) and thirteen female(age, 69.77${\pm}$4.13yr; height, 152.80${\pm}$4.45 cm; weight, 56.86${\pm}$7.40 kg) participated in this study. In all subjects, LBM and BMD segments was measured by using Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA, Lunar DPS-DM, U.S.A.). Maximum isometric and isokinetic muscle strength of flexion and extension at the knee and elbow, ankle, trunk joints were measured by using an isokinetic dynamometer(CON-TREX(R) Multi Joint Testing Module, Switzerland). The results of this study showed that isometric and isokinetic muscle strength was significantly higher in extension than flexion. In the male and female, hamstring to quadriceps strength ratio(H:Q ratio) was increased as contraction velocity increased. BMD was correlated significantly with trunk extension in the male, but not in the female. LBM was correlated significantly in the male and female with knee extension strength. This study suggests that in the elderly muscle strength training program should put more weight on extensor muscles of the body.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare kinematic characteristics on the limbs at 3 different walking speed during the energy and the normal walking. Eight subjects performed energy walking and normal walking at the slow speed(65 beats/min), the normal speed(115beats/min), the fast speed(160 beats/min). The 3-d angle was calculated by vector projected with least squares solution with three-dimensional cinematography(Motion Analysis corporation). The range of motion was calculated on the trunk, shoulder, elbow, hip, knee joint. The results showed that stride length was no difference of the two walking pattern. The duration of support phase was also no difference of the two walking pattern. The range of motion of shoulder joint significantly increased in the sagittal and frontal planes, and the range of motion of elbow joint significantly increased as the energy walking. The range of motion of hip joint had no significant difference in the any planes in changing of walking speed. But the most remarkable difference of the two walking patterns revealed at the trunk. The range of flexion/extension angle had significant increasing $2.36^{\circ}$ at normal speed, and the range of the right/left flexion angle had significant increasing below $4^{\circ}$ at the 3 walking speed, and The range of rotation angle had significant increasing $7.35^{\circ}$, $9.22^{\circ}$, respectively at the normal and slow speed. But there was no significant difference of range of motion at the hip and knee joints between energy walking and normal walking.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2017

Background: Abdominal bracing exercise (ABE) and abdominal hollowing exercise (AHE) improve the lumbar flexibility and pulmonary function in various patients, yet the efficacy of ABE or AHE have not yet been evaluated. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the lumbar flexibility and pulmonary function during both ABE and AHE in healthy adults. Methods: The study included 40 healthy adults, who were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group, each with 20 subjects. All subjects performed ABE (experimental group) and AHE (control group). The lumbar flexibility such as trunk flexion test (sitting and standing position) and schober test and pulmonary function such as the spirometer including forced vital capacity (FVC) and force expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) and chest circumference measurement (middle and lower chest) were measured, respectively. Two-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the lumbar flexibility and pulmonary function, respectively. Results: No significant effects of lumbar flexibility were observed on trunk flexion test from the sitting position (P=.478) and standing position (P=.096) in the ABE than in the AHE. However, the length of ABE was longer significantly than it of AHE (P=.024). No significant effects of lung function were observed on the FVC (P=.410) and $FEV_1$ (P=.072) in the ABE group than in the AHE group. And also, no significant effects of chest circumference measurement were observed on the inspiration (P=.468) and expiration (P=.563) in middle chest circumference and inspiration (P=.104) and expiration (P=.346) in lower chest circumference. Conclusion: This study indicated that the ABE is only more effective in lumbar flexibility by lumbar length difference than AHE in healthy adults.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.795-807
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise therapy to oldwomen's muscle strength, flexibility and IADL. To identify the effect of exercise therapy on oldwomen's muscle strength, flexibility and IADL, this study attempted to determine grip strength, back strength, leg strength, flexibility of upper and low(flexion, extension, abduction), flexibility of trunk(flexion, extension) and IADL, using dynamometer, goniometer and Geriatric center IADL, for 34 female. Thirty-four subjects participating in this study consisted of A group(from sixty-five to sixty-nine, eleven person), B group(from seventy to seventy-four, twelve person), C group(over seventy-five years old, eleven person). Data from the findings of this experiment were computed for and standard deviation by using repeated measurement of MINI TAB. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn : 1. Subject group showed significantly higher scores on effect of exercise between three age group after regular exercise. 2. Subject group showed significantly higher scores on muscle strength(grip strength, back strength, leg strength) and there is a difference between three age group after regular exercise of muscle strength. 3. Subject group showed significantly higher scores on flexibility (upper, lower, trunk) and there is a difference between three age group after regular exercise of flexibility. 4. Subject group showed significantly higher scores on IADL(Instrumental activities of daily living) and there is a difference between three age group after regular exercise. As a result of this study, the effect of exercise training program had improved muscle strength, ROM (range of motion) of joint, IADL. Thus exercise training program could be beneficially applied for the prevention of disability and promotion of health and wellbeing in the aged easily and safely.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of physical functions of elderly people on their clothing behavior and to provide basic information about manufacturing comfortable apparels for the elderly. A total of 219 people, with ages between 60s and 70s, participated in the survey and in the experiment to correlate their tendency of wearing clothes with the state of their physical functions. About 78.5% of the elderly showed eyesight deterioration in the subjective evaluation. Elders in their 60s raised their arms higher up in overhead reach, and showed shorter distance between middle fingertips in behind back stretch and in back scratch than elders in their 70s. Also, the former stretched farther to the floor in standing trunk flexion, and maintained more steady in one leg stand and in tandem stance than the latter. The narrower the movement range of the upper limb joints was, the more the elderly preferred upper garments with full front opening to those with half or no opening. The more inflexible the upper limbs and waist and the more unbalanced the body was, the more likely the elderly put on pants while sitting on the floor. The time taken to button up the shirt and to put on and take off pants showed a positive correlation with the overhead reach, the behind back stretch, the back scratch and the standing trunk flexion, whereas the former showed a negative correlation with the one leg stand and the tandem stance.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of wearing spandex underwear on the muscle activity and heart rate during flexion and extension of trunk and knee joint. Background: Back pain continues to be the leading overall cause of physical illness and lowering productivity in workplace. Recently, the utility of assistive garment or back belt have been discussed to lessen the back pain as well as to preserve the right posture. Method: Ten males and ten females participated in the experiment. Gender, wearing spandex underwear and postures were used for independent variables, and muscle activity, the level of asymmetry of muscle activity and variation of heart rate were used as dependent variables. Muscle activity and heart rate were measured during flexion and extension of trunk and knee joint. Results: When wearing spandex underwear, the muscle activity was relatively low compared to the condition not wearing the spandex underwear. The symmetry of muscle activity and the variation of heart rate were statistically significant at the 0.05 significance level. In particular, it was found that the symmetry of muscle activity increased while wearing spandex underwear. Conclusion: Spandex underwear has an effect that can reduce asymmetry of right and left muscles which are relevant to leg because spandex underwear equally supports right and left low-back muscles. Application: The spandex underwear used in this study can apply to the rehabilitation as an useful assistive device.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2019

PURPOSE: Sitting with crossed legs may have an effect on maintaining a healthy body posture and proper functioning of the respiratory system. Thus, this study's objective was to identify whether or not sitting with crossed legs affects the vertebral angle, chest wall mobility, the pulmonary function, and the activity of the respiratory muscles. METHODS: Thirty healthy subjects were recruited for this study (16 males and 14 females). The vertebral angle, chest wall mobility, pulmonary function, and the activity of the respiratory muscle were measured while the subjects sat in the correct posture and these factors were again measured with the subjects seated with their legs crossed. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used to determine the trunk and lumbar vertebral angles. Surface electromyography was employed to measure the sternocleidomastoid, the rectus abdominis, and the external and internal oblique abdominis muscles. A tapeline was utilized to evaluate the subjects' chest wall mobility. Spirometry was assessed to determine the forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second. Paired t-tests were then performed (p<.05). RESULTS: There were significant differences in the trunk and lumbar flexion angles, the chest wall mobility, the activity of the right external oblique muscle, and the left internal oblique abdominis muscle. However, the difference in pulmonary function did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: A crossed leg posture caused slight thoracic extension and lumbar flexion, which may lead to a decrease of the chest wall mobility and also to an imbalance of the abdominal muscles. Therefore, sitting with a crossed leg posture should be avoided. Yet a crossed leg posture did not have any clinical effect on the pulmonary function of healthy people. It may be necessary to study the effects of sitting with crossed legs over an extended period of time for patients suffering with impaired respiratory function.