• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1779-1784
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• 2019

Background: A number of researchers have attempted to improve the balance of stroke patients, however there is still a question as to whether taping is effective in increasing balance. Objective: To determine the effect of paretic and non-paretic side taping on the balance ability in patients with stroke. Design: A single-blind randomized controlled trial Methods: This randomized single-blind controlled clinical trial with a repeated measures study included 45 subjects who were randomly assigned to paretic side taping groups (n=15), non-paretic side taping groups (n=15), and trunk exercise groups (n=15). Trunk exercise and paretic side taping groups had taping on the paralyzed erector spinae, while the non-paretic side taping group had taping on the non-paralyzed erector spinae. Trunk exercises were performed for 30 minutes to promote core muscles. The balance ability measured the center of pressure movement (paretic side, non-paretic side,forward, backward, limit of stability) in the sitting position. All measurements were evaluated using BioRescue. Results: All three groups showed significant increase in all variables after 4 weeks. The paretic and non-paretic side taping groups had a significant increase in all variables after 30 min of attachment. However, there was no significant difference among the three groups. Conclusions: Paralysis and non-paralysis taping improved the balance ability of patients with stroke in an immediate effect of 30 min. However, after 4 weeks of intervention, taping with trunk exercise did not differ from single trunk exercise. In future studies, various analyses need to be conducted through more diverse evaluations.

• 대한치료과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of closed chain lower limb exercise with abdominal breathing exercise on stroke patients and their effects on trunk control ability and balance. Method: The subjects were 40 stroke patients, 19 patients in the experimental group and 18 patients in the control group. The period was 5 weeks, 5 times a week, 30 minutes per session. The experimental group was subjected to a closed chain lower limb exercise with abdominal breathing exercise and the control group was subjected to a closed chain lower limb exercise. The posture assessment scale for stroke(PASS), trunk impairment scale(TIS) were used for trunk adjustment ability, and the balance ability was measured as center of pressure(COP) and limit of stability(LOS). Results: Results of this study showed that the PASS and TIS test significantly increased the experimental group compared to the control group. As a result of comparing the changes of pre and post intervention intervals between the two groups, the TIS test was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, but the LOS test was not significantly increased in the experimental group. Conclusion: Closed chain lower limb exercise with abdominal breathing exercise showed a significant improvement in the trunk control and balance ability of the stroke patients compared to the closed chain lower limb exercise without the abdominal breathing exercise.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2014

Purpose: This study examines deficits in upper-extremity function and trunk control ability on the osmotic demyelination syndrome of a patient with Hyponatremia and Hypokalemia. Using a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation program, this case report aims to describe the effects of trunk stability exercises on trunk control ability, hand function, and daily living activities as well as its effects on the osmotic demyelination syndrome of a patient with Hyponatremia and Hypokalemia. Methods: The patient is a 47-year-old woman with osmotic demyelination syndrome as well as trunk and upper extremity impairment. She participated in this training intervention for four weeks. Results: The patient demonstrated improvements in trunk control ability, hand function, and performance of ADL. The following outcomes were measured before and after the training program: trunk impairment scale, hand power, Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, the Chedoke arm and hand inventory, and the modified Barthel index. Conclusion: The results suggest that trunk stability exercises in the form of a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation program in Hyponatremia and Hypokalemia patients may increase trunk control ability, increase hand function, and improve ADL.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the activity ratios of global trunk muscles and local trunk muscles in relation to adjustments in the level of task difficulty while performing stability exercises in easily applied bridging lumbar stabilization exercise. Twenty healthy subjects performed bridging lumbar stabilization exercise while the level of task difficulty was plate was used in the same posture for all the exercises. EMG was used to examine the activity ratios of the global muscles and multifidus in relation to the level of task difficulty. Moreover, the activity ratios of the multifidus muscle, the erector spinae and the gluteus maximus muscle were measured. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used, and a Bonferroni correction was conducted (${\alpha}$=.05). When the bridging lumbar stabilization exercise were performed at different difficulty levels, the activity of the multifidus muscle, which is a local muscle, was high in all three exercises. Also, compared to low intensity and intermediate intensity exercises, high intensity exercises showed more significant differences (${\alpha}$=.05). Among all the muscles, the multifidus showed the highest activity at intermediate intensity. Based on these results, we suggest that in the case of bridging lumbar stabilization exercise, low intensity or intermediate intensity exercises are more suitable and efficient for local muscle stabilization.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of trunk strengthening exercise using oscillation by comparing trunk muscle thickness, as well as balance of healthy adults during exercises performed with an oscillatory device and non-oscillatory device. METHODS: Twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the trunk strengthening exercise using oscillation (TSEO) group (n=11) or the trunk strengthening exercise using non-oscillation (TSEN) group (n=11). Subjects in all groups performed the exercises three days per week for 6 weeks. All subjects performed four types of exercises: pull over, seated twist, power push, and diagonal power plank. Trunk muscle thickness of the rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), transverse abdominis (TrA), and multifidus (MT) were measured with an ultrasonography. The balance ability were evaluated using the Romberg test with eyes open, eyes closed, one-leg standing test (OLST), and limits of stability (LOS). All tests were performed before the intervention, as well as after 6 weeks and 8 weeks of exercises. RESULTS: There was a significant difference of RA, IO, TrA, and MT according to the main effect of the time (p<.05). There was a significant difference of IO and LOS according to interaction effect between the time and group (p<.05). CONCLUSION: As intended, the cyclic forces induced by the oscillating device did increase trunk muscle thickness. However, the effect was limited and significant only for the IO muscle. Combining trunk strengthening exercise with oscillation appears to be more effective in improving dynamic balance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.196-200
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the muscle activity of the trunk muscles during balance exercises on a stable and unstable surface in patients with stroke. Methods: Thirteen subjects (8 males, 5 females) with stroke were enrolled in the study. Muscle activity was recorded using surface EMG electrodes from the affected side of the erector spinae, external oblique, and internal oblique muscles. The exercise was performed under three conditions. For the first condition for balance exercise, subjects were instructed to sit on an exercise mat with legs extended. The second condition was to sit with legs extended, with a balance pad under their buttocks. The third condition was to sit with legs extended, have a balance pad under the buttocks and a balance cushion under the lower legs. Results: This study showed significant differences in EMG activities during both arm lifting exercise and weight shifting exercise between conditions. This study showed that the EMG activities of the erector spinae, external oblique, and internal oblique muscles were significantly higher when the trunk exercise was performed using the balance pad with balance ball than when using the stable surface. Conclusion: In conclusion, performing balance exercises using an unstable surface is a useful method for facilitating trunk-muscle strength and hence trunk stability.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of trunk stabilization exercise using swiss ball and core stabilization exercise on balance and gait in elderly women. Methods : Subjects 19 elderly women were randomly divided by the swiss ball exercise group (n=10) and the core stabilization exercise group (n=9). In a period of 4 weeks, they took trunk stabilization exercise using swiss ball and core stabilization exercise for 60 minutes 3 times a week. Balance and gait were measured by Functional Reach Test (FRT), One Leg Stand Test with Open Eye (OLSTOE), One Leg Stand Test with Closed Eye (OLSTCE), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and 6 m Walking Test (6MWT). These tests were measured at before exercise, 4 weeks after exercise and after the follow-up period of 2 weeks. Results : As a result, in all measurement values there was no significant difference in two groups (p>.05). In FRT, TUG, OLSTOE and 6MWT before exercise and 4 weeks after exercise, there was significant difference in both of two groups (p<.05). Moreover, according to results from 4 weeks after exercise and after the follow-up period of 2 weeks, without any particular exercise, in FRT and 6MWT there was no significant difference (p>.05). Conclusion : These finding indicate that trunk stabilization exercise using swiss ball could improve balance and gait in elderly women. Accordingly, In this study trunk stabilization exercise using swiss ball and core stabilization exercise is judged to be used for elderly people with gait and balance problems to prevent hurts from fall.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2005

Objects: This study is designed to analysis improvement and maintaince of trunk stability targeting patients who need post operative rehabilitation exercise after undergoing opened microscopic laser discectomy(OMLD) due to HNP. Method: Between March 2004 and February 2005 a total sixty patients who underwent OMLD due to $L_4/L_5$, $L_5/S_1$ HNP and who agreed to the experiment were subject for this study. Experimental group consisted of 18 subjects, and they underwent 45 minutes dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise And control group consisted of 18 subjects who conducted conservative physical therapy based on the use of physical modality for 45 minutes except to exercise. Results: Experimental group that was lumbar extensor's isometric peak torque, weight distribution of both leg, trunk muscle balance and Oswestry LBP disability index increased during 12 weeks in a statistically significant manner compared to before exercise (p<.05). When re-test was tried, isometric peak torque (p>.05) and Oswestry LBP disability index(p<.05) maintained 12th week level or improved. Weight distribution rate of both leg and trunk muscle balance maintained the level of 8th week of exercise execution(p<.05). Control group that was lumbar extensor's isometric peak torque, weight distribution rate of both leg and trunk muscle balance aggravated during 12 weeks compared to pre-test(p>.05) But, Oswestry LBP disability index increased in a statistically significant level compared to pre-test(p<.05). When re-test was tried, isometric peak torque increased slightly compared to pre-test, but decreased when at least $60^{\circ}$ flexion angle(p>.05). Weight distribution rate of both leg and trunk muscle balance also aggravated compared to pre-test(p>.05), and Oswestry LBP disability index was similar to the 4th week of physical therapy execution(p>.05). Conclusion: Successive postoperative Especially, Application of dynamic lumbar stabilization exercise program is important than traditional lumbar strengthening exercise program in the maintaince of spinal stability.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 3차원 척추 안정화 운동이 고령자의 체간 근력 및 신체 구성 변화에 미치는 효과에 대해 검증하고자 하였다. 피험자는 건강한 65세 이상 고령자 40명(훈련군 20명, 대조군 20명)으로 구성하였다. 피험자는 실험 전 후 척추안정화 훈련 장치를 이용하여 8가지 방향에 대한 근력 평가를 수행하였다. 또한 체성분 분석기를 이용하여 신체 구성 변화에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 훈련군은 척추 안정화 훈련 시스템에서 방향성 훈련(F, FOR, R, BOR, B, BOL, L, FOL)을 제공하였으며, 탄력 밴드 운동, 근력 강화 체조, 걷기 운동으로 구성된 복합운동을 30분간 수행하였다. 대조군은 척추 안정화 운동을 제외한 복합운동을 실시하였으며, 모든 훈련은 주 3회, 총 8주간 실시하였다. 그 결과 훈련군은 체간 근력이 실험 전 79.9점에서 8주 후 85.6점으로 유의하게 증가하는 결과를 보였으며, 신체구성에서도 체중 감소, 체지방 감소, BMI 지수 감소 등의 결과를 나타내었다. 반면, 대조군의 경우 체간 근력의 변화는 없었지만 골격근량 증가, 체지방 감소 등의 운동 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 척추 안정화 운동이 고령자의 체간 근력 및 신체구성 발달을 유도하여 고령자의 비만 및 낙상 예방에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. 향후 이러한 데이터를 기반으로 척추 안정화 훈련기기와 복합운동을 조합하여 고령자들에게 효과적인 재활 운동 프로그램 개발에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2006

To improve trunk stability, various exercise protocols were introduced into the clinical field. Trunk and lumbar stability exercises on unstable surfaces are especially recommended to improve lumbar stability. The purpose of this study was to compare abdominal oblique muscle activity during leg raising in hook-lying position among 3 different type of surface conditions (on floor (F), vestibular board (VB), and foam roll (FR)). Sixteen able-bodied volunteers, who had no medical history of lower extremity or lumbar spine disease, were recruited for this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from the internal and external oblique muscles of both sides. The normalized EMG activity was compared using a one-way repeated ANOVA. The results showed that the EMG activities of the internal oblique and external oblique of the lifted leg side during straight leg raising significantly increased under the FR condition when compared to the F condition. There was no significant difference of the EMG activity in abdominal oblique muscles between the VB and the FR conditions. The EMG activity of the internal oblique of supported leg side during the straight leg raising was significantly greater under the FR condition than the VB and F conditions (p<.05). The composition ratio of EMG activity of internal oblique muscles during straight leg raising was significantly increased under the FR condition. Therefore, straight leg raising exercise on foam roll in hook lying position could be beneficial to improve trunk and lumbar stability.