• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.392-402
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• 1997

The morphological traits of different types of primary trisomics(2n=28＋1) in durum wheat, Triticum durum var. hordeiforme(2n=28 AABB) were compared with disomics (2n=28) through the examination of reciprocal gene action on the extra chromosomes. However it was not easy to distinguish morphologically the trisomies containing A genome from those containing B genome. These results suggested that the chromosomal location of the major genes for some morphological traits exists on homoeologous chromosome. It is important that these results revealed the homoeology and linkage groups of both A and B genomes in durum wheat. These primary trisomies will be valuable materials for the trisomic analysis and genetic mapping on the chromosome of both A and B genomes in durum wheat. Furthermore, it must be useful for the evolutionary study of Triticum durum(AABB) and Triticum squarrosa(DD) by way of the ancester species of Triticum aesitivum(AABBDD).

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 1989

Single cells obtained from suspension culture of mature embryo-derived callus in wheat(Triticum aestivum L. cv Jang Kwang) were cultured to regenrated into the plantlet. Cell clusters and embryogenic calluses were efficiently developed from when the single cells clutured on the MS medium supplemented with 10${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ 2,4-D. Upon transfer to hormone-free MS medium containing 10 mg/I AgNO3, embryogenic calluses gave rise to shoots, probably through somatic embryogenesis.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 1990

Suspension cell lines have been newly established from the calli derived from the immuature embryo culture of hexapolid (Triticum aestivum var. sicco), tetrapolid (T. durum) and diploid (T. tauchii or Aegilops squarrosa) wheat species. The chromosomal variation in suspension cultured cell lines was examined and old cell line, C82d, established from T. aestivum var. copain was also used. New method using 1-bromonaphthalene for metaphase rapping of suspension cells was developed. Variation in chromosome number was observed among all the suspension lines. Cells with doubled chromosome number and deleted chromosome were also observed. Extensive structural changes in chromosome were found in C82d line. Chromosome aberrations showed loss of chromosome arms and chromosome segment. The mean chromosome number in suspension cells of T. aestivum var. sicco was 40, in C82d line 33, in T. durum 28 and in T. tauchii 14. The stability of chromosome in suspension cells of diploid and tetrapolid wheats was higher than that of hexaploid wheat.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of white pan bread added with Kamut (Triticum turgidum spp.) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Methods: The white pan bread or white pan bread with Kamut (BK) were administered for 8 weeks in HFD-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. To evaluate the effect and its mechanisms of BK on obese mice, we measured body weight change, serum lipid profiles, histopathological analysis, and protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) in the liver. Results: Administration of BK significantly decreased body weight in HFD-induced obese mice. In addition, BK-administered group significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with the HFD-induced control group. The HFD-induced mice had damaged liver tissue and increased the size of adipose tissue, but BK-administered group attenuated liver damage and decreased the size of adipocyte. Furthermore, administration of BK significantly down-regulated C/EBPα in the liver compared with HFD-fed mice. In particular, BK-administered group has higher inhibited body weight, serum lipid profiles, and C/EBPα expressions than white pan bread-administered group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that administration of BK attenuated HFD-induced obesity by regulation of C/EBPα than consumption of white pan bread. Therefore, BK could be developed as a bread for prevention of obesity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.7-15
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• 2013

Objectives : Interruption and subsequent restoration of blood flow into the kidney result in renal injury. As an approach to preventing the renal injury, we determined the optimal conditions and the underlying mechanisms by which supernatant of hot water extract of ground Triticum aestivum L. (extract) attenuated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods : One hour after administration of the extract (400 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection, renal I/R injury was generated by clamping the left renal artery in rats after surgical removal of the right kidney, followed by reperfusion. The maximal difference between the vehicle-treated and the extract-treated group under ketamine/xylazine or enflurane anesthetization was assessed at varying periods of ischemia (30-45 min) and reperfusion (3-48 hr), based on the renal function assessed with serum creatinine levels, tissue injury with hematoxylin/eosin staining, and apoptosis with terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. Results : Enflurane anesthetization with 40 min of ischemia and 24 hr of reperfusion was identified to be the optimal condition, under which condition serum creatinine levels and tubular damage in the extract-treated group were significantly reduced compared with those in the vehicle-treated group ($1.3{\pm}0.2$ versus $2.7{\pm}0.3$ mg/dL, P < 0.01, and average score $1.8{\pm}0.1$ versus $3.5{\pm}0.3$, P < 0.01, respectively). These beneficial effects were mediated by inhibition of apoptotic cascades through attenuation of renal tissue malondialdehyde levels, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 levels. Conclusions : The extract conferred renal protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by scavenging reactive oxygen species and consequently blocking apoptotic cascades, plausibly augmented by enflurane protection.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.466-476
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• 2008

We have developed the tablet formulation of Triticum aestivum (wheatgrass) and investigated clinically, its effects in patients suffering from b-thalassemia (major) at K. T. Children Hospital, Civil Hospital, Rajkot. The tablets (wheatgrass powder 250 mg.) were given 3 times in a day for 9 months. Blood samples were collected at the start, after 6 months and 9 months and analyzed for various biochemical and hematological parameters. Treatment with wheatgrass formulation for 9 months produced significant decrease in hemoglobin, total RBC, eosinophil and reticulocyte counts. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were significantly increased was significantly increased. The serum ferritin was also significantly decreased. There was no influence on serum magnesium, serum iron and Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS). Our data indicate that treatment with wheatgrass on patients with $\beta$-thalassemia (major) may have beneficial effects in the form of a decrease in ineffective erythropoiesis, stimulation of hemoglobin synthesis in RBC, decrease in iron load and decrease in eosinophil count.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1012-1018
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• 2010

This study investigated the functional effect by diets of Triticum aestivum sprout (TA) on the levels of blood glucose and lipid profiles in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes mellitus were induced by STZ intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg) into the male Balb/c mice. All mice fed AIN-93 diet for 3 weeks. Mice were divided to 4 groups: normal, diabetic control and two experimental groups (TA 5.0, diet with Triticum aestivum sprout 5.0% w/w; TA 2.5, diet with Triticum aestivum 2.5% w/w). The blood glucose level was decreased by TA intake in diabetic mice in the dose-dependant manner; 21.34% and 35.77% in TA 2.5 and TA 5.0 groups. The weight gain and feed efficiency ratio also were improved by TA intake compared with DM group. The weight gain was increased 1.28 and 1.09 folds in TA 5.0 and TA 2.5 groups, respectively. The weight of organs, including liver and kidney, was reduced but that of spleen and abdominal fat was increased by TA intake. Moreover, TA treatment increased the level of HDL but decreased the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood of diabetic mice. The blood of HbA1c also was significantly decreased without changing hematocrit by TA treatment compared with DM group. These results indicate the TA intake has the functional effects attenuating blood glucose and plasma lipid levels in insulin-dependent diabetes.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.478-484
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• 2011

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is known to be frequently associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. We examined the effects of EtOH extracts from Triticum aestivum on lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to screening the candidate materials in preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The lipid level in adipocytes was determined by Oil Red O staining. The treatment of 50% ethanol, but not water and 100% ethanol extracts, from Triticum aestivum at concentration of 0.5 $mg/ml$ inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, revealing no cell toxicity. Thus, the fractions of $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc and BuOH were separated from 50% EtOH extract to characterize anti-adipogenic effect. The $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$ effectively inhibited the lipid accumulation in the adipocytes compared to those of EtOAc and BuOH at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$. The intracellular triglyceride accumulation also was significantly reduced by treatment of $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction in concentration-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction attenuated the intracelluar level of fatty acid synthase(FAS) accompanied by attenuated expression of Peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) adipogenic transcription factor. These results suggest that $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction from 50% EtOH extract of Triticum aestivum may has the potent anti-adipogenic effects by inhibiting the transactivation of $PPAR{\gamma}$.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to identify the major parameters controlling DNA delivery by particle bombardment to immature embryos of Chinese spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Efficiency of DNA (uidA gene) delivery was assessed by transient GUS (${\beta}$-glucuronidase) expression in bombarded tissues. Of the parameters analyzed, acceleration pressure, bombardment distance, chamber vacuum pressure, bombardment times, osmotic conditioning of culture had a remarkable influence on transient gene expression. A bombardment procedure suitable for Chinese spring wheat cultivars was developed which allowed high-efficiency DNA delivery combined with reduced damage to target tissues. The high efficiency made the system practical for wheat genetic transformation research and accelerating wheat breeding programs.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 1984

Chlorsulfuron (chemical name : 2-Chloro-N-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-aminocarbonyl-benzenesulfonamide) is a herbicidally active ingredient which shows effect against susceptible weeds already at such low rates like 5-20g active ingredient per hectare. In the here reported trials metabolism in several sensitive cultivated plants and weeds have been analysed using ^{14}C-labelled active ingredient. The uptake of chlorsulfuron by leaves or the root system is good in all plants species, and translocation takes place either symplasmatically or apoplasmatically. Metabolism takes place in all investigated plant species by development of hydrophile suhstances in roots and shoots. Decomposition of chlorsulfuron in roots and shoots of tolerant species (Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare) to polare substances takes place quantitatively faster and quicker than in susceptible species (Beta vulgaris and Matricaria chamomilla).