• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.313-316
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• 1999

Certain steroids and triterpenoids isolated from diverse plant families were known to posses anti-inflammatory activity. In the course of finding new anti-inflammatory natural products, some steroidal and triterpenoid saponins were isolated and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity using in vivo mouse ear edema test. At the oral dose of 100 mg/kg, several steroidal saponins and triterpenoid saponins such as hederagenin glycosides showed significant inhibition of ear edema (20∼37% inhibition), though less potent than indomethacin and hydrocortisone.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) has been used in traditional medicines, as its roots contain several kinds of 3,28-bidesmosidic triterpenoid saponin with high medicinal values. In this study, we induced hairy root-derived transgenic plants of C. lanceolata and analyzed triterpenoid saponins from the leaf, stem and root. Transgenic plants were regenerated from the hairy roots via somatic embryogenesis. The saponins are lancemaside A, B and E, foetidissimoside A, and aster saponin Hb. Transgenic plants contained richer triterpenoids saponin than wild-type plants. Major saponin lancemaside A was the most abundant saponin in the stem from transgenic-plant, $4.76mg{\cdot}1^{-1}dry$ stem. These results suggest that transgenic plants of C. lanceolata could be used as medicinal materials for the production of triterpene saponins.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.305-315
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• 2021

Background: Panax stipuleanatus represents a folk medicine for treatment of inflammation. However, lack of experimental data does not confirm its function. This article aims to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of triterpenoid saponins isolated from P. stipuleanatus. Methods: The chemical characterization of P. stipuleanatus allowed the identification and quantitation of two major compounds. Analgesic effects of triterpenoid saponins were evaluated in two models of thermal- and chemical-stimulated acute pain. Anti-inflammatory effects of triterpenoid saponins were also evaluated using four models of acetic acid-induced vascular permeability, xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma in mice. Results: Two triterpenoid saponins of stipuleanosides R₁ (SP-R₁) and R₂ (SP-R₂) were isolated and identified from P. stipuleanatus. The results showed that SP-R₁ and SP-R₂ significantly increased the latency time to thermal pain in the hot plate test and reduced the writhing response in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. SP-R₁ and SP-R₂ caused a significant decrease in vascular permeability, ear edema, paw edema, and granuloma formation in inflammatory models. Further studies showed that the levels of inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin 6 in paw tissues were downregulated by SP-R₁ and SP-R₂. In addition, the rational harvest of three- to five-year-old P. stipuleanatus was preferable to obtain a higher level of triterpenoid saponins. SP-R₂ showed the highest content in P. stipuleanatus, which had potential as a chemical marker for quality control of P. stipuleanatus. Conclusion: This study provides important basic information about utilization of P. stipuleanatus resources for production of active triterpenoid saponins.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1159-1164
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• 2010

Several triterpenoid saponins from root of Pulsatilla koreana Nakai (Ranunculaceae) were studied and their biological activities were reported. It is difficult to analyze triterpenoid saponins using HPLC-UV due to the lack of chromophores. So, evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) is used as a valuable alternative to UV detection. More recently, a charged aerosol detection (CAD) has been developed to improve the sensitivity and reproducibility of ELSD. In this study, we developed and validated a novel method of high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a charged aerosol detector for the simultaneous determination of four triterpenoid saponins: pulsatilloside E, pulsatilla saponin H, anemoside B4 and cussosaponin C. Analytes were separated by the Supelco Ascentis$^{(R)}$ Express C18 column (4.6 mm ${\times}$ 150 mm, 2.7 ${\mu}m$) with gradient elution of methanol and water at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min at $30^{\circ}C$. We examined various factors that could affect the sensitivity of the detectors, including various concentrations of additives, the pH of the mobile phase, and the CAD range. Linear calibration curves were obtained within the concentration ranges of 2 - 200 ${\mu}g$/mL for pulsatilloside E, anemoside $B_4$ and cussosaponin C, and 5 - 500 ${\mu}g$/mL for pulsatilla saponin H with correlation coefficient ($R^2$) greater than 0.995. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.04 - 0.2 and 2 - 5 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively. The validity of the developed HPLC-CAD method was confirmed by satisfactory values of linearity, intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision. This method could be successfully applied to quality evaluation, quality control and monitoring of Pulsatilla koreana.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.268-273
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• 1998

Two new triterpenoid saponins, named segetoside D and E, have been isolated from the seeds of Vaccaria segetalis. On the basis of chemical reactions and spectral data, structures of segetoside D and E have been established as: $28-O-[{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}4)-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)]-[5-O-acetyl-{\alpha}-arabinofuranosyl(1{\rightarrow}3)]-[4-O-acetyl-{\beta}-D-fucopyranosyl]-quillaic\;acid-3-O-[{\beta}-D-galactopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)]6-O-methyl\;ester-{\beta}-D-glucuronopyranoside$ and $28-O-[{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}4)-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)]-[5-O-acetyl-{\alpha}-arabinofuranosyl(1{\rightarrow}3)]-[4-O-acetyl-{\beta}-D-fucopyranosyl]-quillaic\;acid\;-3-O-[{\beta}-D-galactopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)]-6-O-n-butyl\;ester-{\beta}-D-glucuronopyranoside$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.4 s.131
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• pp.301-304
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• 2002

Two triterpenoid saponine were isolated from the stems of Acer ginnala Maxim. The structures of triterpenoid saponins were established as ilexoside O, $3-O-{\alpha}-L- rhamnopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl-pubescenolic$ acid 28-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl$ ester(1) and ilexoside K, $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl-pubes-cenolic$ acid $28-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl$ ester(2). Their chemical structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectral methods.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.673-679
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• 2020

Background: Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) is the extraction from the roots and rhizomes of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen. PNS is the main bioactive component of Xuesaitong, Xueshuantong, and other Chinese patent medicines, which are all bestselling prescriptions in China to treat cardiocerebrovascular diseases. Notoginsenoside R₁ and ginsenoside Rg₁, Rd, Re, and Rb₁ are the principal effective constituents of PNS, but a systematic research on the rare saponin compositions has not been conducted. Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic chemical study on PNS and establish the HPLC fingerprint of PNS to provide scientific evidence in quality control. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the new compounds was tested. Methods: Pure saponins from PNS were isolated by means of many chromatographic methods, and their structures were determined by extensive analyses of NMR and HR-ESI-MS studies. The fingerprint was established by HPLC-UV method. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 -diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results and Conclusion: Three new triterpenoid saponins (1-3) together with 25 known rare saponins (4-28) were isolated from PNS, except for the five main compounds (notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenoside Rg1, Rd, Re, and Rb1). In addition, the HPLC fingerprint of PNS was established, and the peaks of the isolated compounds were marked. The study of chemical constituents and fingerprint was useful for the quality control of PNS. The study on antitumor activities showed that new Compound 2 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against the tested cell lines.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1212-1214
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• 2014

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.132-141
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• 1987

New triterpenoid saponins, ilexosides A, D, E, J, K and O have been isolated form the root of Ilex pubescens. Chemical and spectroscopic studies have established their structures as shown in formulae 1, 2, 8, 11, 3, 4 and 5.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2011

Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) has been used in traditional medicines, as its roots contain several kinds of triterpenoid saponin with high medicinal values. In this work, we induced transgenic hairy roots of C. lanceolata and analyzed triterpenoid saponins from the hairy roots and hairy root-derived transgenic plants. Hairy roots were obtained from leaf explants by the transformation of Agrobacterium rhizogenes R1000. Transgenic hairy root lines were confirmed by the transcriptional activities of rolA, B, C, and D genes by RT-PCR. Transgenic root lines actively proliferated on hormone-free medium but not in nontransformed roots. Hairy roots contained richer triterpenoids (lancemaside A, foetidissimoside A, and aster saponin Hb) than nontransformed roots. Transgenic plants were regenerated from the hairy roots via somatic embryogenesis. They showed phenotypic alterations such as shortened shoots and an increased number of axillary buds and adventitious roots. The transgenic plants also contained higher triterpenoid levels than wild-type plants. These results suggest that hairy roots and transgenic plants of C. lanceolata could be used as medicinal materials for the production of triterpene saponins.