• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2011

Triple DES(Data Encryption Standard)는 DES의 안전성을 향상시키기 위하여 2번의 DES 암호화와 1번의 DES 복호화를 수행하는 국제 표준 암호 알고리즘이다. 본 논문에서는 Triple DES에서 수행되는 각각의 DES 알고리즘 중 마지막 라운드를 실행시키지 않도록 오류를 주입함으로써 비밀키를 찾아내는 차분 오류 분석(Differential Fault Analysis, DFA)공격을 제안한다. 제안한 공격 방법을 이용하여 시뮬레이션 결과, 9개 정도의 정상-오류 암호문 쌍을 얻을 수 있으면 $2^{24}$번의 비밀 키 전탐색을 통해 3개의 비밀키를 모두 찾을 수 있었다. 또한, ATmega128 칩에 Triple DES 암호 알고리즘을 실제로 구현하고 레이저를 이용한 오류를 주입함으로써 제안 공격이 오류 주입 대응책이 적용되지 않은 범용 마이크로프로세서 칩에 적용 가능함을 검증하였다.

• Journal of Breast Cancer
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.415-424
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• 2018

Purpose: Triple-positive breast cancer is defined by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity. Several systemic breast cancer therapies target hormonal and HER2 responsiveness. We compared clinical outcomes of triple-positive disease with those of HER2-enriched and luminal HER2-negative disease and investigated the clinical efficacy of anti-HER2 therapy for triple-positive disease. Methods: We retrospectively compared overall and recurrence-free survival among cases included in the Korean Breast Cancer Society (KBCS) and Seoul St. Mary's Hospital breast cancer registries and the therapeutic efficacy of trastuzumab for triple-positive and HER2-enriched cases. Results: KBCS registry data (2006-2010; median follow-up, 76 months) indicated that patients with triple-positive breast cancer had intermediate survival between those with luminal A and HER2-enriched subtypes (p<0.001). Trastuzumab did not improve overall survival among patients with triple-positive breast cancer (p=0.899) in contrast to the HER2-enriched subtype (p=0.018). Seoul St. Mary's Hospital registry data indicated similar recurrence-free survival outcomes (p<0.001) and a lack of improvement with trastuzumab among patients with triple-positive breast cancer (median follow-up, 33 months; p=0.800). Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with triple-positive breast cancer had better overall survival than those with HER2-enriched disease and similar survival as those with the luminal A subtype (triple-positive: hazard ratio, 1.258, p=0.118; HER2-enriched: hazard ratio, 2.377, p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings showed that anti-HER2 therapy was less beneficial for treatment of triple-positive breast cancer than for HER2-enriched subtypes of breast cancer, and the triple-positive subtype had a distinct prognosis.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2012

ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline recommends for administration dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent (DES) to prevent restenosis and stent thrombosis in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Recently triple antiplatelet therapy including cilostazol is known to reduce restenosis and stent thrombosis significantly after DES implantation. However, there is lack of data providing the efficacy of triple antiplatelet therapy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effects of the triple therapy after DES implantation compared with the dual therapy. This retrospective study collected data from medical charts of 251 patients who received DES implantation between Jul 2006 and Jun 2008. They received either dual antiplatelet therapy (N = 154 clopidogrel and aspirin; Dual group) or triple antiplatelet therapy (N = 97 cliostazol, clopidogrel and aspirin; Triple group). Major adverse cardiac event rates (MACE, included total death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization) at 12 months, 24 months, stent thrombosis, rates of bleeding complications and adverse drug reactions were compared between these two groups. Compared with the dual group, the triple group had a similar incidence of the MACE rates at 24months (12.3% vs. 12.4%, p = 0.99). There is no difference in overall stent thrombosis between two groups (Dual group 2.6% vs. Triple group 4.1%, p = 0.5). Subgroup analysis showed that diabetic patients got more benefit in reducing MACE rates but, there is no statistical difference. Bleeding complications and adverse drug effects were not different significantly. As compared with dual antiplatelet therapy, triple antiplatelet therapy did not reduce the 12-months, 24-months MACE rates and stent thrombosis. Bleeding complications and adverse drug effects were not different.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.61-79
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• 2015

Objectives : In order to prove the extended type of symptom discrimination for triple energizers in Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasty. Methods : Extract the topic-related contents from the books, with key words, triple energizers. After arraying them from this sources according to time order, analyze the data. Results : Analyzing its history from symptom, prescription, and discrimination proved the fact that the extended type of symptom discrimination for triple energizers had been developed continually, and assured that it did not play an important role in forming the narrow type of its symptom discrimination for Wen Bing (溫病) in Qing (淸) Dynasty, but also had been advanced separately from its type for Wen Bing. Conclusions : Symptom discrimination for triple energizers in Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasty gradually went far to become its extended type which widely used for Za Bing (雜病), Wen Bing, and diseases for pediatrics and dermatology.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2022

영상의 히스토그램을 시프트 시켜 영상에 기밀 데이터를 은닉하는 가역 데이터 은닉기법들이 개발되었다. 이러한 기법들은 은닉된 기밀 데이터의 보안이 취약한 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 단점을 해결하기 위하여 픽셀값 정보를 사용하여 기밀 데이터를 삼중으로 암호화한 후 커버 이미지에 은닉하는 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 기법을 사용하여 기밀 데이터를 삼중으로 암호화하여 커버 이미지에 은닉하여 스테고 이미지를 생성하면, 픽셀 정보에 기반한 암호화가 삼중으로 수행되었으므로 삼중으로 암호화되어 은닉된 기밀 데이터의 보안성이 크게 향상된다. 제안된 기법의 성능을 측정하기 위한 실험에서, 스테고 이미지로부터 삼중으로 암호화된 기밀 데이터를 추출하여도 암호화 키 없이는 원본 기밀 데이터를 추출할 수 없었다. 그리고 스테고 이미지(stego-image)의 화질이 48.39dB 이상인 매우 우수한 영상이기 때문에 스테고 이미지에 기밀데이터가 은닉되어있는지 인지할 수 없었으며, 스테고 이미지에 30,487비트 이상의 기밀 데이터가 은닉되었다. 제안된 기법은 스테고 이미지에 은닉되어있는 삼중으로 암호화된 기밀 데이터로부터 원본 기밀 데이터를 손실 없이 추출할 수 있으며, 스테고 이미지로부터 원본 커버 이미지를 왜곡 없이 복원할 수 있다. 따라서 제안된 기법은 보안이 중요하고 원본 커버 이미지를 완벽하게 복원하는 것이 필요한 군사, 의료, 디지털 라이브러리 등의 응용 분야에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2014

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.2138-2150
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• 2020

We report the status of the cold neutron triple-axis spectrometer (Cold TAS) and thermal neutron triple-axis spectrometer (Thermal TAS) installed at HANARO. Cold TAS, whose specifications are standard across the world, is in the final phase of commissioning. Proper instrument operation was confirmed through a feasibility study of phonon measurements and data analyses with resolution convolution. In contrast, Thermal TAS is in the initial phase of commissioning, and improvement of the monochromator drum is now in progress from the viewpoint of radiation shielding. In addition, we report recent activities in the development of neutron basic elements, that is, film-coated Si-wafer collimators, which are promising for use in triple-axis spectroscopy, particularly in Cold TAS.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2007

As expansion of balconies at apartments has been legalized, the major function of the balconies as a thermal buffer zone is disappearing. This weakens the ability of window to insulate heat and multiplies surface condensation. Thus more and more residents require solutions to increasing surface condensation and aggravation in thermal comfort. This study intends to provide basic data by evaluating performance of triple layered Low-E windows, triple layered clear windows, double layered Low-E windows and double layered clear window used for expanded balconies and marketed within the country in terms of surface condensation and thermal environment through simulation. Results revealed that no surface condensation occurred at double layered Low-E windows and triple layered Low-E windows. Surface condensation took place at double layered clear windows and triple layered clear windows at a relative humidity of 60%. Thermal environment analysis suggested that double layered clear windows showed the most time falling into the range of comfort at $23^{\circ}C$. The figure were $22^{\circ}C$ for triple layered clear windows, $22^{\circ}C$ for double layered Low-E windows and $21^{\circ}C$ for triple layered Low-E windows.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.709-717
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• 2012

블록 암호 알고리듬에 대한 라운드 축소 공격은 암호 디바이스에 일시적인 오류를 주입하여 암호 알고리듬이 정상라운드를 수행하는 것이 아니라 특정 라운드까지만 수행하도록 하여 비밀 키를 추출하는 오류 주입 공격 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 Triple DES(Data Encryption Standard)에서 라운드를 반복하는 반복문을 수행하는 도중 오류를 주입하여 마스터 키를 추출할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고 이를 실험과 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 검증하고자 한다. ATmega128 칩에 Triple DES 암호 알고리듬을 실제로 구현하고 레이저를 이용한 오류를 주입함으로써 제안한 공격이 오류 주입 대응책이 적용되지 않은 범용 마이크로프로세서 칩에 적용 가능함을 검증하였다. 기존 Triple DES에 대한 라운드 축소 공격은 총 9개의 정상-오류 암호문쌍이 필요하였지만 본 논문에서는 5개의 오류 암호문으로 모든 마스터 키를 찾아 낼 수 있었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.169-172
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• 2000

This paper describes design of cryptographic processor which can execute SEED, DES, and triple DES encryption algorithm. To satisfy flexible architecture and area-efficient structure, the processor has I unrolled loop structure with hardware sharing and can support four standard mode, such as ECB, CBC, CFB, and OFB modes. To reduce overhead of key computation, the precomputation technique is used. Also to eliminate increase of processing time due to data input and output time, background I/O technique is used which data input and output operation execute in parallel with encryption operation of cryptographic processor. The cryptographic processor is designed using 2.5V 0.25 $\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS technology and consists of about 34.8K gates. Its peak performances is about 250 Mbps under 100 Mhz ECB SEED mode and 125 Mbps under 100 Mhz triple DES mode.