• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2021

Purpose: Myofascial syndrome is a chronic muscle pain caused by repetitive motions with stress-related muscle tension. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the evidence for diagnosing myofascial pain syndrome in trapezius muscle using a pressure algometer and surface electromyography. Methods: The experiments were performed using a total of 10 subjects, and the target locations were determined by means of a pressure algometer in the right upper trapezius muscle. The part with the lowest pain value as the trigger point and the part with the highest pain value as the non-pain trigger point were selected for measuring the locations. The median frequency and average frequency were measured in those locations with electromyography. To check the muscle fatigue, the upper trapezius muscle was moved up and down for 2 seconds at 5-second intervals in 30 seconds. The measured values were evaluated using the independent paired t-test and MannWhitney U-test. Results: The median frequency at the non-trigger point (13.7) was significantly higher than that at the trigger point (7.3). Furthermore, the mean frequency (14.7) at the non-trigger point was significantly higher than that at the trigger point (6.3). Conclusion: The results showed the correlations between the trigger points of the muscle pain and frequency analysis of surface electromyography. Thus, this study may be possible to use as a diagnostic tool for myofascial pain syndrome.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2021

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of trigger finger on pain, muscle strength and function in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients. METHODS: A total of 60 subjects (30 carpal tunnel syndrome with trigger finger and 30 carpal tunnel syndrome without trigger finger) were assessment for pain, muscle strength (power grip, key pinch , tip to tip pinch, three jaw pinch) and function. The effect sizes of the two groups were compared, and the correlation between the trigger finger and each variable was analyzed. RESULTS: The results showed that there were significantly difference in the pain, muscle strength excluding three jaw pinch and function (p < .05). The results also showed correlation between trigger finger and pain (r = .552), muscle strength excluding three jaw pinch (power grip r = -.296, key pinch r = -.260, tip to tip pinch r = -.285), and function (r = .375). The function of carpal tunnel syndrome patients was related to pain (r = .550) and power grips (r = -.324) of muscle strength. CONCLUSION: In carpal tunnel syndrome patients with trigger finger compared to carpal tunnel syndrome, muscle weakness, pain increase, and function reduction were shown. In addition, trigger finger are correlated with muscle strength, pain and function, and muscle weakness and increased pain affect the daily living of carpal tunnel syndrome patients with triggers finger. Therefore, physical therapy interventions of carpal tunnel syndrome patients with trigger finger should be combined with treatment for muscle strength enhancement as well as pain reduction.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.107-109
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• 2007

In location-based services, most trigger technologies have been implemented on the server side by periodically requesting the locations of mobile phones from mobile network servers. However, bottlenecks and communication interruptions occur when the servers are overloaded by trigger requests. In this letter, we propose a new multilevel location trigger specification which distributes the event detecting role to mobile phones and redesigns the location triggering into a multilevel step. Our suggested location trigger specification can reduce bottlenecks caused by triggers in a mobile core network and reduce power consumption caused by embedded GPS devices in mobile phones.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.240-250
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• 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report a case of Korean medicine treatment accompaning myofascial trigger-point accupuncture for severe & persistent lower urinary tract symptoms after radical prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: A prostate cancer patient with severe & persistent lower urinary tract symptoms after radical prostatectomy conducted 26 months ago, was treated with Korean medicine accompaning myofascial trigger-point accupuncture. The International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS), the IPSS Quality of Life(IPSS-QoL) and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score(OABSS) questionaires were administered to evaluate the effect of treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms. Results: After 5 month treatment with Korean medicine accompaning myofascial trigger-point accupuncture, IPSS, IPSS-QoL and OABSS progressed from 28 to 8, from 5 to 2 and from 12 to 4 respectively. Conclusion: This case study suggests that Korean medicine accompaning myofascial trigger-point accupuncture may contribute to treat severe & persistent lower urinary tract symptoms after radical prostatectomy.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.492-501
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• 2002

비동기 트리거 처리기(ATP)는 데이타베이스 트랜잭션의 수행이 완료된 후에 트리거를 처리하는 소프트웨어 시스템이다. ATP 내에서는 트리거 조건의 효율적인 검사를 위하여 차별화 네트워크(discrimination network)가 사용된다. 차별화 네트워크는 내부 상태를 메모리 노드에 저장한다. TrigerMan은 하나의 ATP로써 차별화 네트워크로써 Gator 네트워크를 사용한다. 데이타베이스의 내용 변화는 트리거맨에 토큰 형태로 전달된다. 트리거 조건의 검사는 토큰이 Gator 네트워크를 통과하면서 이루어지는데, 이때 Gator 네트워크의 메모리 노드들이 갱신된다. 토큰의 병렬처리는 시스템의 성능을 향상시키는 여러 방법 중 하나이지만 통제되지 않은 병렬처리는 잘못된 트리거 액션 수행을 유발한다. 이 논문은, 최소한의 이상 현상만을 허용하며 토큰의 병렬 처리를 가능하게 하는, 네 가지 트리거 처리 일관성 레벨을 제안한다. 우리는 각 일관성 레벨에 대하여 병렬 토큰 처리를 가능하게 하는 고유한 기술을 개발하였다. 제안된 기술은 안정된 방법이라는 사실이 공리를 통하여 증명되었으며, 이 기술은 실체화 된 (materialized) 뷰 유지 (view maintenance)에 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.917-925
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• 2016

슈미트 트리거 로직(Schmitt Trigger Logic)은 디지털 회로의 노이즈에 대한 내성을 향상시키기 위해 히스테리시스 특성을 보이는 게이트를 제안한 설계 방법이다. 슈미트 트리거 특성을 보이는 설계 방법 중 최근에 제안된 substrate bias를 조정하여 구현하는 Dynamic Threshold voltage MOS(DTMOS) 방법을 사용할 경우, 게이트 수를 늘이지 않고 내성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 설계방법이나, 범용 CMOS 공정에서 구현하여 시뮬레이션으로 예상하는 성능을 얻을 수 있는지는 검증되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS 공정에서 DTMOS 설계 방법을 구현하여 히스테리시스 특성을 측정하여 검증하였다. DTMOS 슈미트 트리거 버퍼, 인버터, 낸드, 노어 게이트 및 간단한 디지털 로직 회로를 제작하였으며, 히스테리시스 특성, 전력 소모, 딜레이 등의 특성들을 관찰하고, 일반적인 CMOS 게이트로 구현된 회로와 비교하였다. 노이즈에 대한 내성이 향상되는 것을 Direct Power Injection(DPI) 실험을 통해 확인하였다. 본 논문을 통해 제작된 DTMOS 슈미트 트리거 로직은 10 M~1 GHz 영역에서 전자파 내성이 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to report a case of patient with trigger thumb which improved by Meridian Tendino-musculature Acupuncture therapy, Moxubustion and Bee-Venom pharmacoacupuncture. Methods : In this study, we have conducted Meridian Tendi-musculature Acupuncture therapy, Bee-Venom Pharmacopuncture and Moxibustion treatment, on the basis of anatomical structure on the patient who was diagnosed of trigger thumb with pain, edema and motional restriction of the thumb. Furthermore, Electroacupuncture had been implemented with acupuncture therapy, and also passive exercise therapy had been conducted before and after the treatment to enhance the effect. The patient was assessed for trigger thumb-related symptoms by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and Quinnell's Classification of triggering. Results : Quinnell's triggering grade & VAS score had decreased considerably after 18 sessions of treatment. Conclusions : It can be deducted that symptoms of Trigger thumb could be improved by Meridian Tendino-musculature Acupuncture therapy, Moxibustion and Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture treatment.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2022

Objectives Most of the acupuncture or dry needling points for trigger finger were limited around the metacarpophalangeal joint, A1 pulley, and flexor muscle tendon. Thus, this study aimed to report a case of a patient with trigger thumb which improved using dry needling on additional muscle points. Methods The author has investigated why additional points are needed including what its accompanying effects are. Dry needling and electro-dry needling have been conducted based on anatomical structure. Moreover, a follow-up observation was performed twice to evaluate if the effects of this treatment have been maintained. Treatment progress was evaluated using a numeric rating scale (NRS) and Quinnell's classification of trigger finger. Results After 28 days of treatment, NRS and Quinnell's trigger grade decreased significantly without adverse effects. The treatment effect has been maintained until follow-up observation. Conclusions Additional points are recommended for the radical treatment of trigger finger.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(3)
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• pp.37-40
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• 2001

There are over a billion web sites on the Internet and the number of web sites is still growing. This paper describes an information system. We have designed Trigger Agent System based on RMI (Remote Method invocation) and distribution object system. In this paper, we introduce Trigger agent system which is one of Intelligent agent system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2001

Objective : This study is to compare acupuncture treatment group with Trigger point treatment group about Ankle sprain treatment Methods : From March 1th 2001 to May 31th 2001, the Clinical comparison studies were carried out 26 cases of patient with Ankle sprain with acupuncture treatment group and, who had been treated in the Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Taejon Oriental Medical Hospital, Taejon University. Results : 1. About period of treatment : 0-1week was the most number 9 cases, 1-2weeks were 3 case 2-3weeks were 1 case in the Acupuncture treatment group, and 0-1weeks were the most number 11 cases, 1-2weeks were 2 cases in the Trigger point treatment group. 2. About effect of treatment : Excellent were 7 cases, Good 3 cases, Fair 3 cases in the Acupuncture treatment group, and Excellent were 8 cases, Good 4 cases, Fair 1 case in the Trigger point treatment group. 3. About effect of treatment in the distribution of grade in descending order : As a genial rule, GrIII of 1 case changed to 0 case, Gr II 2 cases to 0 case, Gr I 10 cases to 3 cases in the Acupuncture treatment group, and GrIII of 1 cases changed to 0 cases, GrII 3 cases to 0 case, Gr I9 cases to 1 case in the Trigger point treatment group. Conclusion : The Trigger point treatment group is more effective than the Acupuncture treatment group.