• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.14-29
• /
• 2001

Concept and preliminary structural design methods, including large scale FEM analysis and optimisation, for large passenger ships, car passenger and RoRo/ passenger ships are dis-cussed. Applications and experiences in practical design usage are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1996

Let E be a real normed linear space, $K \subseteq E$.

• Journal of Magnetics
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2009

Herein, different concepts for domain wall propagation based on currents and fields that could potentially be used in magnetic data storage devices based on domains and domain walls are reviewed. By direct imaging, we show that vortex and transverse walls can be displaced using currents due to the spin transfer torque effect. For the case of field-induced wall motion, particular attention is paid to the influence of localized fields and local heating on the depinning and propagation of domain walls. Using an Au nanowire adjacent to a permalloy structure with a domain wall, the depinning field of the wall, when current pulses are injected into the Au nanowire, was studied. The current pulse drastically modified the depinning field, which depended on the interplay between the externally applied field direction and polarity of the current, leading subsequently to an Oersted field and heating of the permalloy at the interface with the Au wire. Placing the domain wall at various distances from the Au wire and studying different wall propagation directions, the range of Joule heating and Oersted field was determined; both effects could be separated. Approaches beyond conventional field- and current-induced wall displacement are briefly discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.171-184
• /
• 2001

A direct discrete formulation suitable for the nonlinear analysis of masonry structures is presented. The numerical approach requires a pair of dual meshes, one for describing displacement fields, one for imposing equilibrium. Forces and displacements are directly used (instead of having to resort to a model derived from a set of differential equations). Associated and nonassociated flow laws are dealt with within a complementarity framework. The main features of the method and of the relevant computer code are discussed. Numerical examples are presented, showing that the numerical approach is able to describe plastic strains, damage effects and crack patterns in masonry structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.173-189
• /
• 2005

The paper presents a finite element model for studying timber-concrete composite beams under long-term loading. Both deformability of connection system and rheological behaviour of concrete, timber and connection are fully considered. The creep of component materials and the influence of moisture content on the creep of timber and connection, the so-called "mechano-sorptive" effect, are evaluated by means of accurate linear models. The solution is obtained by applying an effective step-by-step procedure in time, which does not require storing the whole stress history in some points in order to account for the creep behaviour. Hence the proposed method is suitable for analyses of composite beams subjected to complex loading and thermo-hygrometric histories. The possibility to accurately predict the long-term response is then shown by comparing numerical and experimental results for different tests.

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
• /
• 1995.09a
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 1995

카르스트라는 용어는 고대 인도-유럽어로 그 기원은 거슬러 올라간다. 암석을 뜻하는 칼라(Karra)로 부터 그 근원을 찾을 수 있고, 그것의 파생어는 유럽과 중동의 많은 언어에서도 발견된다. 북부의 유고슬라비아에서 그 단어는 칼스(kars)를 거처 카라(Kra)로 발전했다. 또한 유고슬라비아와 이태리의 국경지대인 트라에스트(Trieste)지방에서 그 지역에 대한 지역적인 명칭으로 이것이 '불모의 땅'이라는 뜻이기도 하다. 이 지역은 종종 이 지역의 자연적인 특징이 최초로 광범위하고 과학적인 연구로 받아들여진 지역으로 '고전적인 카르스트'로 언급된다. 로마시대에 지역적인 명칭은 '칼스서 혹은 칼소'(Carsus ＆ Carso)였고, 그것이 오스트리아-헝가리(Austro-Hungarian)제국의 일부분이 되고 나서, '카르스트'(karst)라는 독일말로 정착되어진다. 뷔엔나(Vienna)의 지리학 또는 지질학술대회에서 국제적인 과학적 용어로서 그 단어가 정식으로 사용되었고, 그 용어의 기술적인 사용은 19세기 중반경에 확립되었다.(중략)

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.35-52
• /
• 2008

The paper investigates the seismic performance of a Partially-Restrained (PR) steel-concrete composite frame using the probabilistic approach. The analysed frame was tested at the ELSA laboratory of the Joint Research Centre of Ispra (Italy), while the representative beam-to-column composite connections were tested at the Universities of Pisa, Milan and Trento (Italy). The component modelling of both interior and exterior composite joints is described first, including the experimental-numerical validation. The Latin Hypercube method has been used to draw the probabilistic distribution curves of joints, and then the whole PR composite frame has been analysed. Pushover and incremental dynamic analyses have been carried out using the non-linear FE code SAP2000 version 9.1. The fragility and performance curves of the PR composite frame have been determined for four damage limit states.

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
• /
• 1994.05a
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 1994

카르스트라는 용어는 고대 인도-유럽어로 그 기원은 거슬러 올라간다. 암석을 뜻하는 칼라(Karra)로 부터 그 근원을 찾을 수 있고, 그것의 파생어는 유럽과 중동의 많은 언어에서도 발견된다. 북부의 유고슬라비아에서 그 단어는 칼스(kars)를 거처 카라(Kra)로 발전했다. 또한 유고슬라비아와 이태리의 국경지대인 트라에스트(Trieste)지방에서 그 지역에 대한 지역적인 명칭으로 이것이 '불모의 땅'이라는 뜻이기도 하다. 이 지역은 종종 이 지역의 자연적인 특징이 최초로 광범위하고 과학적인 연구로 받아들여진 지역으로 '고전적인 카르스트'로 언급된다. 로마시대에 지역적인 명칭은 '칼스서 혹은 칼소'(Carsus ＆ Carso)였고, 그것이 오스트리아-헝가리(Austro-Hungarian)제국의 일부분이 되고 나서, '카르스트'(karst)라는 독일말로 정착되어진다. 뷔엔나(Vienna)의 지리학 또는 지질학술대회에서 국제적인 과학적 용어로서 그 단어가 정식으로 사용되었고, 그 용어의 기술적인 사용은 19세기 중반경에 확립되었다.(중략)

• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.41-58
• /
• 2000

According to research currently developed by several authors (including the present ones) a multimode approach to the aeroelastic instability can be appropriate for suspension bridges with very long span and so with close natural frequencies. Extending that research, this paper deals in particular with: i) the role of along-wind modes, underlined also by means of the flutter mode representation; ii) the effects of a variation of the mean wind speed along the span. A characterisation of the response in the time domain by means of an energetic approach is also discussed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.15-27
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find texture which suitable for the acryl knitted jacket of women in the middle age. The study was carried out 2 parts. The first part was to choose the pattern fitted in the body shape of women in the middle age, and the second part was wearing test with 3 different textured acryl knitted jacket(half milano, milano, jacquard). The usable data of the test were coded for further statistical analysis including descriptive statistics (frequency and one way-ANOVA test, Student-Newman-Keuls Multiple Range Test) by using SPSSWIN 12.0. The results were as follows: It was found that first evaluation for the appearance test on fitness, pattern B(Brand: Morado) were better than the rest of them(pattern A: Trieste, pattern C: Escalier). It was found that second evaluation for the test, jacket with jacquard were better than the rest of them. Acryl knitted Jacket of women in the middle age should made of jacquard. Therefore it should be designed as possible as considering the physical characteristics of knitted materials. It was found that third evaluation for the test, it was opposite results that a general knitted fabric pattern was made smaller than a woven jacket. So, it was necessary that the acryl knitted jacket of women in the middle age follow a similar site tolerance such as a woven jacket. This result was due to a radical change of a middle age women's body shape.