• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2003

개에서 실험적으로 앞쪽 십자인대 중간부를 절단한 다음 초기 병변을 관찰하고 그 초기 병변에 대한 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), carprofen 그리고 두 약물의 병용에 따른 효과를 비교하고자 본 실험이 수행되었다. 실험견은 앞쪽 십자인대를 파열한 CLA 처치군, Carprofen 처치군, CLA와 Carprofen 병용처치군 그리고 양성대조군과 파열하지 않은 정상견으로 구성된 음성대조군으로 총 5개군으로 분류하고 각 군에 5두씩 배치하였다. 실험견의 무릎관절 외측 피부를 절개하고 관절낭 외측을 절개한 다음 앞쪽 십자인대 중간부로 판단되는 부위를 절단하였다. Carprofen과 CLA는 수술 후 4주부터 4주 동안 경구 투여하였다 수술후 8주 후에 육안적, 조직학적 평가를 실시하였다. 조직학적 검사로는 hematoxylin and eosin 염색, standard toluidine blue, PAS 그리고 Masson trichrome 염색법을 이용하였으며 혈액학적, 그리고 방사선학적 검사를 실시하였다. 조직학적 검사와 혈액학적 검사에서 유의적인 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 방사선 검사에서는 앞쪽 십자인대 파열에 따른 대퇴골과 경골의 정렬이상과 부종이 모든 군에서 나타났으며 육안적 검사에서는 대부분 실험견의 대퇴 연골 표면상이 엷은 황색을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 실험적으로 유발된 개의 앞쪽 십자인대 파열에 대해 CLA, carprofen그리고 이들의 합제는 초기 변화상에서 뚜렷한 변화를 나타내지 않았다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.204-214
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• 2022

Objective : Osteoporosis result from age-related decline in the number of osteoblast progenitors in the bone marrow. Probiotics have beneficial effects on the host, when administered in appropriate amounts. This study investigated the effects of probiotics expressing specific genes, especially the effects of genetically modified bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-expressing Lactobacillus plantarum CJNU 3003 (LP) on ovariectomized rats. Methods : Twenty-eight female Wistar rats (250-300 g, 12 weeks old) were divided into four groups : the sham (control), the ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis group (OVX), the OVX and LP (OVX/LP), OVX and genetically modified BMP-2-expressing LP (OVX/LP with BMP) groups. The three groups underwent bilateral OVX and two of these groups were administered two different types of LP via oral gavage daily. At 16 weeks post-OVX, blood was collected from the heart and the bilateral tibiae were extracted and were scanned by ex-vivo micro-computed tomography and stained with hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stain for pathological assessment. The serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), rat C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), BMP-2, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-ĸB ligand (RANKL) were measured. Results : The 3D-micro-computed tomography images showed that the trabecular structure in the OVX/LP with BMP group was maintained compared with OVX and OVX/LP groups. No significant differences were detected in trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) between control and OVX/LP with BMP groups (p>0.05). Furthermore, a tendency toward increased BMD, trabecular bone volume, Tb.Th, and trabecular number and decreased trabecular separation was found in rats in the OVX/LP with BMP groups when compared with the OVX and OVX/LP groups (p>0.05). The H&E and Masson's trichrome stained sections showed a thicker trabecular bone in the OVX/LP with BMP group compared with the OVX and OVX/LP groups. There was no difference in serum levels of OC, CTX and RANKL control and OVX/LP with BMP groups (p>0.05). In contrast, significant differences were found in OC and CTX-1 levels between the OVX and OVX/LP with BMP groups (p<0.05). Conclusion : Our results showed that the expression of genetically modified BMP-2 showed inhibition effect for bone loss in a rat model of osteoporosis.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.453-459
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• 1998

저자들은 임프란트 매식 후 골유착을 위한 초기 치유기간 이전에 악정형력이 임프란트 주위 조직에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 가토 12마리의 양측 대퇴골에 임프란트를 식립하고 2주, 4주 그리고 6주후에 각각 300g의 악정형력을 Ni-Ti close coil spring을 이용하여 매식된 임프란트에 4주동안 가하고 관찰한 후 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 모든 실험군의 임프란트는 4주간의 악정형력 적용후에도 안정된 견고성을 유지하였다. 2. 2주 실험군에서 대조군에 비해 임프란트와 골조직 사이의 섬유조직 증식이 많이 관찰 되었으나 특이할만한 염증소견은 관찰되지 않았다. 3. 4주 실험군, 대조군에서는 2주 실험군, 대조군과 각각 비교하였을 때 보다 많은 양의 골재생이 관찰 되었으며 실험군과 대조군 모두에서 임프란트와 골조직 사이의 섬유조직은 관찰하기 힘들었다. 4. 6주에서는 실험군과 대조군 사이에 뚜렷한 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 임프란트 주위의 골조직 재생이 충분하지 않아도 골의 양과 질이 우수해 임프란트 식립시 견고한 초기고정을 얻을 수 있다면 골유착이 완성되는 초기 치유기간 이전에도 치과교정적 고정원으로 사용가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.967-987
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• 1996

The present study was to evaluate the healing patterns of guided tissue regeneration( GTR) using resorbable $Vicryl^{(R)}$(polyglactin 910) mesh and nonresorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE) membrane with or without bone grafting using autogeneous bone and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft(DFDBA) in the grade II furcation defects. Mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected buccally in the mandibular 2nd, 3rd and 4th premolar areas and furcation defects were created surgically by removing $5{\times}6mm$ alveolar bone in 4 dogs. Root surfaces were thoroughly debrided of periodontal ligament and cementum, and notches were placed on root surface at the most apical bone level. In the right and left mandibular quadrant, each tooth was received $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh(ACE Surgical Supply Co., USA) only, $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh with DFDBA, $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh with autogeneous bone grafts, ePTFE membrane($Core-tex^{(R)}$ membrane, W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., USA) only, ePTFE membrane with DFDBA or ePTFE membrane with autogeneous bone grafts. For the fluorescent microscopic examination, fluorescent agents were injected at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Four weeks after surgery, 2 dogs were sacrificed and ePTFE membranes were removed from remaining 2 dogs, which were sacrificed at 12 weeks after surgery. Undecalcified tissues were embedded in methylmethacrylate and $10{\mu}m$ thick sections were cut in a buccolingual direction. These sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain and Masson's trichrome stain, and evaluated by descriptive histology and linear measurements. The results were as follows : 1) $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh group showed less connective tissue attachment than ePTFE membrane group. 2) The combination of GTR using $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh and osseous grafts resulted in new attachment and new bone formation more than GTR using $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh only. 3) GTR using ePTFE membrane, with or without osseous grafts, enhanced periodontal regeneration. 4) Root resorption and dentoalveolar ankylosis were observed in the areas treated with the combination of GTR and DFDBA. It was suggested that the effect of adjunctive bone grafting in GTR procedure depends on the materials and the physical properties of barrier membranes. $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh performed a barrier function and the use of adjunctive bone grafting may enhance the periodontal regeneration.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1003-1011
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• 2009

This study was carried out to know the effects of Kwanjulbang-6(GJB-6) on the inhibition of arthritis. GJB-6 was orally administered to mouse with arthritis induced by collagen II . Cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, arthritis index, value of immunocyte in draining lymph node and paw joint, rheumatoid factor in serum were measured in vivo. The incidence of arthritis was significantly decreased. Total cell number of draining lymph node was significantly increased compared with control. Total cell number of paw joint was significantly decreased compared with control. The absolute number of $CD19^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CD3^+/CD49b^+$, $CD4^+/CD44^+$, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ and $CD3^+/CD8^+$ cells in draining lymph node were significantly increased compared with control. The absolute number of $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ and $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells in paw joint were significantly decreased compared with control. The absolute number of $B220^+/CD23^+$ and $MHCII^+/CD11c^+$ cell in draining lymph node were significantly decreased compared with control. The levels of IgG was decreased and The levels of IgM was significantly decreased compared with control. Anti-collagen II in serum was significantly decreased compared with control. With the hematoxylin and eosin stain, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased compared with control. With the Masson's trichrome stain, the expression of collagen fibers was decreased compared with control. Results showed that GJB-6 had immunomodulatory effects. So we expect that GJB-6 should be used as a effective drugs for not only rheumatoid arthritis but also another auto-immune disease.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2008

This study was conducted to find out biological responses of bivalves exposed to organotin compound.The results of the study confirmed that tribultyltin chloride (TBTCl) induce reduction of survival rate andburrowing activity, and histopathological feature in the foot structure of the equilateral venus, Gomphinaveneriformis. The experimental period was 36 weeks. The experimental groups consisted of a control and 3TBTCl exposure groups (0.4, 0.6, 0.8 ym TBTCl L'). The survival rate and burrowing activity were record-ed daily. For histological analysis, foot tissues were fixed in Bouin' s fluid and then stained H-E stain, AB-PAS (PH 2.5) reaction and Masson's trichrome stain after having serially sectioned the tissue by paraffinmethod at thickness of 4-6 ym. The survival rate was not significantly different between the control andexposure groups for 20 weeks, but in 0.8 Um TBTCl L', it was on the decreased ever since the exposure. Theburrowing activity was not significantly different in the exposure group compared to the control up to 12weeks, but in 0.6 and 0.8 ym TBTCl L', it measured the lowest level after 20 weeks. The foot is composedof the epidermal layer, connective tissue, and muscular layer. The epidermal layer is composed of simplecolumnar, cuboidal epithelia and mucous cells. The cilia were well developed on the apical surface ofepithelium, Circular, longitudinal and transverse muscle bundle were well developed in the muscular layer.The majority mucous cells showed blue color (542c) when it subjected to AB-PAS (PH 2.5) reaction. Nohistopathological alterations in the foot were observed up to 12 weeks. After 20 weeks of exposure to 0.8 (anTBTCl L'', the foot samples of exposed G. veneriformis showed disappearance of cilia and striated borderpartially and extension of hemolymph sinus. The mucous cell increased in the marginal of foot. At 28-weekof exposure to 0.4 ym TBTCl L', it observed weekly acid (564c), neutral (264c) and mixed mucous cell. At36-week of exposure to 0.6 ym TBTCl L', it showed fragmentation of the muscle and collagen fiber bundle,and also diappearance of cilia on epithelia and edema of epithelium in 0.8 ym TBTCl L''.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2008

Purpose : To observe and evaluate the effects of Simvastatin-induced osteogenesis on the wound healing of defective bone. Materials and Methods : 64 defective bones were created in the parietal bone of 32 New Zealand White rabbits. The defects were grafted with collagen matrix carriers mixed with Simvastatin solution in the experimental group of 16 rabbits and with collagen matrix carriers mixed with water in the controlled group. The rabbits were terminated at an interval of 3, 5, 7, and 9 days, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the formation of defective bone. The wound healing was evaluated by soft X-ray radiography. The tissues within defective bones were evaluated through the analysis of flow cytometry for the manifestation of Runx2 and Osteocalcin, and observed histopathologically by using H-E stain and Masson's trichrome stain. Results : 1. In the experimental group, flow cytometry revealed more manifestation of Runx2 at 5, 7, and 9 days and Osteocalcin at 2 weeks than in the controlled groups, but there was few difference in comparison with the controlled group. 2. In the experimental group, flow cytometry revealed considerably more cells and erythrocytes at 5, 7, and 9 days in comparison with the controlled group. 3. In the experimental group, soft x-ray radiography revealed the extended formation of trabeculation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. 4. Histopathological features of the experimental group showed more fibroblasts and newly formed vessels at 5 and 7 days, and the formation of osteoid tissues at 9 days, and the newly formed trabeculations at 4 and 6 weeks. Conclusion : As the induced osteogenesis by Simvastatin, there was few contrast of the manifestation between Runx2 and Osteocalcin based on the differentiation of osteoblasts. But it was considered that the more formation of cells and erythrocytes depending on newly formed vessels in the experimental group obviously had an effect on the bone regeneration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.757-779
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• 2000

The aim of our study is to achieve complete periodontal tissue regeneration by the application of BMP and resorbable membrane. Three beagle dogs aged over one and half years and weighed 14 to 16 kg were used in this study. Mandibular 1st, 2nd premolars were extracted bilaterally. Horizontal furcation defects were induced around 3rd, 4th premolars bilaterally. BMP-4 were applied in the right side with resorbable membranes and only resorbable membranes were applied in the left side respectively. Each animal was sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8weeks, after regenerative surgery. Specimens were prepared with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain and Goldner's modified Masson Trichrome stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results were as follows: 1. At 2 weeks after regenerative surgery, downgrowth of junctional epithelium was observed both in the membraneapplied site and BMP-4-and-membrane-applied site. 2. At 4 weeks after regenerative surgery, resorbable membranes were completely resolved, therefore would not prevent downgrowth of junctional epithelium. New bone formation, new cementum formation and Sharpey's fiber were observed in BMP-4-andmembrane-applied site. 3. At 8 weeks after regenerative surgery, downgrowth of junctional epithelium was observed in the membrane-applied site. But, new cementum formation was observed in the same site. The extensive regeneration of new bone, new cementum and remarkable formation of Shapey's fiber were showed in BMP-4-and-membrane-applied site. 4. Resorbable membranes were resolved via the cell-mediated processes. 5. Periodontal tissue regeneration were better achieved in the BMP-4-andmembrane-applied site than in the membrane-applied site. Within the above results, BMP-4 may have the strong capability to form the new bone and resorbable membrane may be able to prevent the bony ankylosis. However, resolution rate of resorbable membrane may not be enough to protect rapid epithelial downgrowth for ideal periodontal regeneration. In conclusion, I suggest BMP-4 may have the strong possibility to be utilized in the clinical periodontal treat-

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2014

Purpose: This study compares the bone formation ability of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) with and without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and assesses TCP as a carrier of rhBMP-2. Methods: Bilateral round defects (diameter: 8.0 mm) were formed in the cranium of eight New Zealand white rabbits. The defects were grafted with TCP only (control group) or with rhBMP-2-coated TCP (experimental group). The animals were sacrificed at 1st week, 2nd week, 4th week, and 8th week postoperatively; two rabbits sacrificed each time. The skulls were harvested and subjected to radiographic and histological examination. Results: Radiologic evaluation showed faster bone remodeling in the experimental group than in the control group. Histologic evaluation (H&E, Masson's trichrome stain) showed rapid bone formation, remodeling and calcification in the 1st and 2nd week in the experimental group. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed higher expression rate of osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ ligand, and receptor activator of nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ in the experimental group at the 1st and 2nd week than in the control group. Conclusion: rhBMP-2 coated TCP resulted in rapid bone formation, remodeling, and calcification due to rhBMP-2's osteogenic effect. TCP performed properly as a carrier for rhBMP-2. Thus, the use of an rhBMP-2 coating on TCP had a synergic effect on bone healing and, especially, bone remodeling and maturation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.297-313
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• 1999

The ultimate goal of periodontal treatment is the regeneration of periodontal tissues which have been lost due to periodontal disease. Recently, many natural medicines have been studied for their potential of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects in periodontal tissues. Safflower seeds have been traditionally used as a drug for treatment of fracture and blood stasis in oriental medicine. The objective of the present study is to examine the biologic effects of safflower seeds extract on bone formation and regeneration of rat calvarial defects. The calvarial defects were made with 8mm trephine bur and extract of safflower seeds were placed directly at these defects. 24 rats were divided into control and experimental groups, and each group was sacrificed at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. To study a histopathology related to bone regeneration, Goldner's Masson Trichrome stain and histomorphologic measuring was done at each weeks. In the early phase of bone healing, less inflammatory infiltration and capillary proliferation was found in experimental group compared to control. Dense bony tissues and matured bone structures in defect areas were found in experimental groups. And area of new bone formation was significantly increased at 8 weeks in experimental group. These results indicate that direct local application of safflower seeds extract reduces the early inflammatory response and promotes the regeneration of new bone in calvarial defects of rats.