• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1983

The characteristics of crude polyphenol oxidase extracted from mushroom[Tricholoma matsutake(S. Ito et Imai) Sing.] were investigated. The enzyme showed highest affinity to pyrogaroll among trihydroxyphenols. Except for o-diphenols the enzyme was inactive in di-and monophenols. The optimum pH was about 4 and the optimum temperature ranged from 45 to $55^{\circ}C$. The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by $70^{\circ}C$ heat treatment for 2 min. $Cu^{++}$, $Fe^{++}$ and $Mg^{++}$ activated the enzyme at low concentration($10^{-1}mM$), but inhibited at high concentration (1mM). The most potent inhibitors were Na-diethyldithiocarbamate, L-ascorbic acid, L-cysteine and NaCl. The Km value with pyrogaroll was 0.88mM.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1431-1436
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• 2007

In order to optimize the extract condition and improve physiological activity of the extract form Tricholoma matsutake, experiments related to extraction methods, totale yield, content of total soluble polysaccharide, SOD-like activity, total polyphenol amount, and volatile flavor compound and the others were carried out, results were obtained as following: Compare with traditional hydrothermal extraction method (Hot water extraction : HWEW), it illustrates that the low temperature extraction method which combines a supersonic waves and microwave (Supersonic microwave extraction : SMEW) causes of increasing the total yield, total soluble polysaccharide. As to the anti-oxident effect, SMEW method leds to increasing of the SOD-like activity, total polyphenol amount as well. Also, cytotoxic effect and growth inhibitory effect against cancer cell line are much higher in SMEW method than HWEW method, especially SMEW5 extracts treated by supersonic 15 min. and microwave 120W, 3 min. and 2 times. The main volatile flavor compound and infinitesimal volatile flavor compound both increase significantly by SMEW method. It is concluded the main components of the volatile flavor compounds extracted from Tricholoma matsutake are 1-octen-3-0l, Methyl cinnamate, 2-octeno1 et al. alcohol typies. Consequently, SMEW5 method is considered as the most effective one for anti-oxidant and is prior to any other methods. And the optimun conditions of this method are : supersonic waves (supersonic, 25KHz, 50W) 15 minutes, microwave spectroscopy (microwave, 2,450MHz, 120W) 3 minutes, and every treatment is performed once followed twice repeats.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2000

In order to determine the characteristics of $\beta$-glucosidase associated with cellulose degradation, the enzyme produced extracellularly by the mycelia of Tricholoma matsutake DGUM 26001 in culture broth was partially purified. The enzyme activity was maintained in the range of temperatures trom 55 to $70^{\circ}C$ and its optimum temperature was $65^{\circ}C$. The $\beta$-glucosidase enzyme showed relatively high activity in the range of pH 3.0-5.0 and its optimum pH was 4.0. Under the optimal conditions, the specific activity of $\beta$-glucosidase for salicin as a substrate was 18.7 unit/mg protein. After thermal treatment of the enzyme at $55^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, more than 90% of the enzyme activity was still sustained. Iron($Fe^{++}$) stimulated enzyme activity, whereas mercury($Hg^{++}$) and copper($Cu^{++}$) inhibited. Compared to salicin as a substrate, the relative activity for cellobiose was observed to be 48.6%. The apparent $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ of the enzyme with cellobiose were 0.12 mM and 0.02 umol/min, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.493-503
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• 2021

Tricholoma matsutake (Pinus mushroom, PM) is one of the most valued ectomycorrhizal fungi in Asia because it is an expensive forest product with a unique flavor and taste. Therefore, many studies have tried to successfully cultivate Tricholoma matsutake artificially in Korea and other countries. However, its physiological and ecological characteristics are still unknown. Thus, we need to understand the diversity and clusters of microorganisms related to Tricholoma matsutake and to identify their core microorganisms related to their growth and production. In this study, we obtained an average of 11,661 fragments from three pine mushrooms with metagenome (an assemblage of genes of all microorganisms in the natural world) analysis from a pine forest located in Pohang, Gyeongsang-Bukdo. Of these, the valid reads were on average 5,073 per sample available for analysis, and the average length of a read was 456 bp. There were an average of 33.3 phyla in the metagenome analysis. Firmicutes phylum made up on an average 46% of the phyla and was dominant among the phyla. The next dominant phylum was Proteobacteria at 27% followed by Bacteroidetes at 17%, Actinobacteria at 5% and Verrucomicrobia at 2%. The Proteobacteria phylum consisted of the γ-proteobacteria class at 54% followed by β-proteobacteria at 37%, α-proteobacteria at 6%, δ-proteobacteria at 2% and ζ-proteobacteria at 0%. The metagenome consisted of the Ruminococcaceae family at 17% followed by Pseudomonadaceae at 13%, Burkholderiaceae at 7%, Bacteroidaceae at 7%, Lachnospiraceae at 7% and Clostridiaceae at 6%.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2010

Transplantation of matsutake-infected pine tree into a pine forest has great potential as an artificial cultivation method of Tricholoma matsutake. Matsutake-infected pine trees had previously transplanted by this research group into the experimental area from 2001 to 2004 and its survival rate determined in 2006 was 20%. For the survived samples, the characteristics of mycelial growth and the development of fairy-ring formation of T. matsutake have been evaluated until 2009. It was found that size of the indeterminate ring showed significant differences among the individual trees and varied from $4\;cm\;{\times}\;4\;cm$ to $52\;cm\;{\times}\;35\;cm$. The variation was possibly resulted from the differences in production area of the matsutake-infected pine tree and those in site characteristics of the transplanted spots. For the characteristics of mycelial growth, it grew in the shape of a cudgel or an acute-angled 'V' in early stage, and then the shape became more wider and changed into an obtuse-angled 'V' as time passed. We expect that matsutake mushrooms may occur from the fairy-rings of some of these matsutake-infected pine trees in the autumn of 2010.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.149-152
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to obtain the optimal liquid culture conditions for the mycelial growth and the polysaccharide production of Tricholoma matsutake. For the mycelial growth and polysaccharide production, the synthetic medium was optimized with containing glucose 40 g/L, yeast extract 30 g/L, $KH_2PO_4$ 1.5 g/L and $MgSO_4.7H_2O$ 1 g/L. The effects of agitation and aeration were investigated for the cell growth and the polysaccharide production in batch culture. The biomass and polysaccharide concentrations were 21.87 g/L at 150 rpm and 8.86 g/L at 300 rpm, respectively. And the biomass concentration and the polysaccharide production were 20.85 g/L at 0.5 vvm and 8.83 g/L at 1.5 vvm, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.835-837
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• 2006

The geographical origin of Tricholoma matsutake mushrooms was studied using near-infrared spectroscopy. Modified partial least-square regression analyses were used to discriminate geographical origin. Two-hundred fifty-six of 259 actual domestic Tricholoma matsutake were classified as domestic produce, Sixty of 81 actual imported mushrooms were correctly classified as imported, while the other 21 imported from North Korea were not clearly classified. The accuracy of geographical origin discrimination was 92.94% The correlation coefficient, standard error of calibration, and standard error of prediction from modified partial least-square regression analysis were 0.84, 15.10% and 18.30% respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1682-1687
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• 2007

The differences in the nonvolatile metabolites of pine-mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) according to different parts and heating times were analyzed by applying principal component analysis (PCA) to $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data. The $^1H$ NMR spectra and PCA enabled the differences of nonvolatile metabolites among mushroom samples to be clearly observed. The two parts of mushrooms could be easily discriminated based on PC 1, and could be separated according to different heattreated times based on PC 3. The major peaks in the $^1H$ NMR spectra that contributed to differences among mushroom samples were assigned to trehalose, succinic acid, choline, leucine/isoleucine, and alanine. The content of trehalose was higher in the pileus than in the stipe of all mushroom samples, whereas succinic acid, choline, and leucine/isoleucine were the main components in the stipe. Heating resulted in significant losses of alanine and leucine/isoleucine, whereas succinic acid, choline, and trehalose were the most abundant components in mushrooms heat-treated for 3 min and 5 min, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.109-117
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• 2007

Methyl trans-cinnamate is a significant flavor compound of Tricholoma matsutake. Attempts were made to produce this compound by culturing the mycelium using submerged culture. No methyl trans-cinnamate could be detected when the mycelium was cultured in the basal liquid medium. However, the addition of Pinus desiflora extracts to the medium, methyl trans-cinnamate was largely produced. To find out compounds or fractions inducing methyl trans-cinnamate, dichloromethane fraction obtained from the wood extracts of P. densiflora was subjected to column chromatography. Three sub-fractions were obtained from the $CH_2CI_2$ fraction. Submerged cultured mycelium treated with sub-fraction 1 has the highest content of methyl trans-cinnamate. Maximum methyl trans-cinnamate $(470.2{\mu}g/g)$ was obtained when the first sub-fraction of dichloromethane fraction of the P. densiflora wood extracts was added to the medium. This indicates that wood extracts of P. densiflora contains inducer of the methyl trans-cinnamate production in the T. matsutake submerged culture.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.223-226
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• 2011

Endophytic fungi were isolated from the Pinus densiflora rootlet colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake. Eighteen species of endophytic fungi were identified by analyzing rDNA-ITS sequence. As the result of the rDNA-ITS analysis, ascomycota of 15 species and Mucoromycotina of 3 species were isolated. Of all the endophytic fungi isolated, Penicillium sp. was confirmed as the highest frequency.