• Atmosphere
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2021

The long-term trend of surface wind speed in Korea is examined for 31 KMA weather stations from 1985 to 2019. Most stations, except Daegwallyeong, have several times of anemometer height changes from tens of centimeters to several meters. To minimize such height change effect on long-term wind trend, the present study adjusts anemometer height in each station to the standard height of 10 m using the power-law wind profile. This adjustment results in non-negligible trend change. For instance, the increasing surface wind speed at Suwon station, which has six times of anemometer height changes in a range of 0.8 m to 20 m, is weakened up to 67% and becomes statistically insignificant. Likewise, the decreasing trend at Andong station, with three times of anemometer height changes in a range of 10 m to 15.5 m, is weakened up to 66%. A similar weakening in long-term trend is observed in most stations regardless of positive and negative trends. However, due to the cancellation between weakened negative trends and weakened positive trends, the station-averaged wind speed trend in Korea does not change much. This result suggests that anemometer height adjustment is crucial for evaluating local wind speed trend but its impact on nation-wide wind speed trend is rather minor.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.403-409
• /
• 2008

In this paper we show that the peak of the type I error rate of the Oochran-Armitage trend test could be greater than the nominal level when $2\;{\times}\;C$ contingency tables obtained from two multinomial distributions are extremely unbalanced. This result justifies the use of the exact Cochran-Armitage trend test in extremely unbalanced $2\;{\times}\;C$ contingency tables.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.200-203
• /
• 1994

Recent trend of ginseng (p. ginseng) trade in Japan was analyzed. From 1984 white ginseng import increased continuously to 240% while export of red ginseng decreased to 29%. Red ginseng import increased until 1990 and decreased thereafter, resulting in 12% of total import ginseng in 1993 from 47% in 1990. During five years (1989∼1993) white ginseng import from Korea decreased from 44% to 14% of total white ginseng imported while import from China increased. Red ginseng import from China ranged 97 to l00% of total red ginseng and little change was shown during five years. Price of Korean ginseng was higher than that of China by 2.2 times for white and 6.6 times for red. The continuous decrease of Chinese ginseng price might affect import trend. Export price of red ginseng increased continuously and was higher than that of Korean red ginseng (1.95 times) and much higher than import price (20 times in 1993).

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.895-902
• /
• 2010

The effect of seasonality on water quality variation is very significant. Generally, it reduce the power of the trend extraction. A parametric time-series model was used for detecting trends in historic constituent concentration data. The effect of seasonality is able to remove from time series decomposition technique. According to such statistic methode, long-term water quality trend analysis system (NTrend 1.0) was developed by Nakdong River Water Environmental Research Center. The trend analysis of BOD variation was conducted with NTrend 1.0 at Goreong and Moolkum site in Nakdong river to show the effect of water quality management action plan. Power test of trend extraction was tried each case of 'deseasonalized and deannulized' data and 'deseasonalized' data. Analysis period was from 1989 to 2006, and it's period was divided again three times, 1989~1993, 1994~1999 and 2000~2006 according to action plan period. The BOD trend was downward in Goreong site during three times and it's trend slope was very steep, and upward in Moolkum during 1989~1993, but it was turned downward during 1994~1999 and 2000~2006. It was revealed that it's very effective to reduce the concentration of BOD by water quality management action plan in that watershed. The result of power test was shown that it is high for trend extraction power in case of 'deseasonalized' data.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.41-54
• /
• 2000

History of fashion and clothing is needed to understand modern fashion and to predict Future mode. The period of Romanticism in fine arts was from the end 18th century up to the first half of 19th century. The characteristics of shilouttes were found in the emphasis owomen's body line. This feature of romantic fashion is founded in 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990'mode. Major characters of this times are retro of romantic costume. As time goes by, more romantic fashion was set up and new corncern of 2000 fashion trend. The Characteristics of romantic image in 2000 of fashion trend are the emphasis of romantic details and decorations. Such as ruffle, frill, shirring, beads, spangle, sequin, flower. Trend colors are pink, lilac, aqua blue, yellow, green, pastel color. Trend materials chiffon, organza, satin, velvet, gauze, georgette, lace and glittery material. And floral print and stripe print. Forward­looking fashion is ethnic­romantic image influenced India. Trend and fashion have very close relationship and if it is fully comprehended, it will be good opportunity to awkardness againnst new fashion line.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.49-61
• /
• 2020

This study analyzed the social media accounts and performed a Big Data analysis of Z-generation fashion using Textom Text Mining Techniques program and Ucinet Big Data analysis program. The research results are as follows: First, as a result of keyword analysis on 67.646 Z-generation fashion social media posts over the last 5 years, 220,211 keywords were extracted. Among them, 67 major keywords were selected based on the frequency of co-occurrence being greater than more than 250 times. As the top keywords appearing over 1000 times, were the most influential as the number of nodes connected to 'Z generation' (29595 times) are overwhelmingly, and was followed by 'millennials'(18536 times), 'fashion'(17836 times), and 'generation'(13055 times), 'brand'(8325 times) and 'trend'(7310 times) Second, as a result of the analysis of Network Degree Centrality between the key keywords for the Z-generation, the number of nodes connected to the "Z-generation" (29595 times) is overwhelmingly large. Next, many 'millennial'(18536 times), 'fashion'(17836 times), 'generation'(13055 times), 'brand'(8325 times), 'trend'(7310 times), etc. appear. These texts are considered to be important factors in exploring the reaction of social media to the Z-generation. Third, through the analysis of CONCOR, text with the structural equivalence between major keywords for Gen Z fashion was rearranged and clustered. In addition, four clusters were derived by grouping through network semantic network visualization. Group 1 is 54 texts, 'Diverse Characteristics of Z-Generation Fashion Consumers', Group 2 is 7 Texts, 'Z-Generation's teenagers Fashion Powers', Group 3 is 8 Texts, 'Z-Generation's Celebrity Fashions' Interest and Fashion', Group 4 named 'Gucci', the most popular luxury fashion of the Z-generation as one text.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.233-241
• /
• 2020

We examined long-term variations in sea surface temperature (SST) and annual amplitudes of SST around the Korean Peninsula. Two SST data sets with data periods of approximately 51 years and longer than 100 years, respectively, were obtained from the National Institute of Fisheries Science and Japan Meteorological Agency. SST of Korean waters clearly increased during last 51 years (1968-2018), which was 2.5 times higher than the global trend. This significant increasing trend was caused by the dominant increasing SST trend during winter. However, a negative and positive SST anomaly frequently appeared during winter and summer, respectively, in a recent decade. These features of seasonal SST variation have changed the annual amplitude of SST, and resulted in a drastically increasing trend after 2009. Using the longer SST data set, it was revealed that the decreasing SST trend in winter began in the 2000s and the increasing SST trend in summer bagan in the 1990s. During a recent decade, there was a distinctive SST increase in summer, whereas a clear decrease in winter. In summary, the annual amplitude of SST around the Korean Peninsula significantly changed from a decreasing trend to an increasing trend during a recent decade.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.115-120
• /
• 1993

For the elucidation of some information on processing properties of tomato, physicochemical characteristics of fruits were analysed for two group of cultivation pattern, non-proped cultivation (5 varieties) and groped cultivation (4 varieties). Weight, length, width, thickness and specific gravity were greater in the groped cultivation group than in the non-groped. Among the groped varieties, Master 2 showed the greatest values and 76Mo11-3-1-2-2 the smallest. Among the non-groped, weight, length, width and specific gravity were greatest in Jinhong and thickness was greatest in Good Hope and smallest in $79078{\times}ARC$. Hardness showed significant difference only among the non-groped resulting in the lowest value in $79078{\times}ARC$. Fruit sphericity was greater in the non-groped among which Good Hope was the greatest. In fruit color the non-groped showed greater trend in dominant wavelength, especially in Good Hope. No significant difference between group was found in lightness and % chroma. Sugar content showed higher trend in the non-groped and highest in Master 2. Acidity was significantly higher in the non-groped and highest in Good Hope. There was no difference in pH. Vitamin C was difference between group but higher trend in $79078{\times}ARC$. Viscosity was no difference between group but higher trend in $79078{\times}CL1561F6$ of the non-groped and 76Mo11-3-1-2-2-of the groped.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.11
• /
• pp.639-648
• /
• 2023

The sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean heat content in the Korea Waters are gradually increased. Especially the increasing trend of annual mean SST in the Korea Water is higher about 2.6 times than the global mean during past 55 years (1968-2022). Before 2010s, the increasing trend of SST was led by winter season in the Korea Waters. However, this pattern was clearly changed after 2010s. The increasing trend of SST during summer is higher about 3.9 times than during winter after 2010s. We examine the long-term variations of several ocean and climate factors to understand the reasons for the long-term pattern changes of SST between summer and winter in recent. Tsushima warm current was significantly strengthened in summer compare to winter during past 33 years (1986-2018). The long-term patterns of Siberian High and East Asian Winter Monsoon were definitely changed before and after early- or mid-2000s. The intensities of those two climate factors was changed to the increasing trend or weakened decreasing trend from the distinctive decreasing trend. In addition, the extreme weather condition like the heatwave days and cold spell days in the Korea significantly increased since mid- or late-2000s. From these results, we can consider that the occurrences of frequent and intensified marine heatwaves during summer and marine cold spells during winter in the Korea Waters might be related with the long-term pattern change of SST, which should be caused by the long-term change of climate factors and advection heat, in a few decade.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.738-742
• /
• 2003

The monitoring was carried out for one year on 20 farms of Mediterranean buffalo situated in central Italy. The milk yield, the somatic cell count, the coagulating properties and some components were determined. The average value of somatic cells was $21.28n{\times}10^3/ml$. Milk production decreased when somatic cell numbers increased. The rennet clotting time increased significantly when somatic cells were higher than $300.00n{\times}10^3/ml$, the curd firming time was significantly higher when somatic cells were more than $1,000.00n{\times}10^3/ml$ and the curd firmness increased up to $200.00n{\times}10^3$/ml, then gradually decreased. Protein and casein decreased when somatic cells increased and the same trend was shown by casein/protein ratio. Both for these components and the coagulating properties the threshold limit of somatic cells to obtain better results was $200.00n{\times}10^3/ml$. The somatic cell number did not show a trend which was strictly influenced by the lactation stage, contrary to what happened in the other species.