• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6285-6288
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• 2012

Background: The aim of this study was to outline the trend in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the city of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), for comparison with previously published national CRC data. Materials and Methods: A retrospective data analysis was performed on all cases of CRC diagnosed between January 2000 and December 2006 amongst Saudi patients in Jeddah using data retrieved from the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR). Descriptive analysis was performed and results were compared to national CRC data from the SCR. Results: In Jeddah, 644 cases of CRC were diagnosed during the time period, accounting for 15% of all CRC cases in KSA. Males were more commonly affected than females (58% versus 42%). The male preponderance of CRC was similar to that observed at a national level. In Jeddah, the incidence was higher among those >45 years (77.0%), and the mean age at diagnosis was 57 years. At diagnosis, 10% of patients presented with localized disease; 25% presented with distant metastasis and the remaining patients had various stages of regional extension. Adenocarcinomas accounted for 72% of cases. Statistical analysis did not reveal any clinically significant differences between cases diagnosed in Jeddah and those diagnosed throughout KSA. Conclusions: The increased trend in the incidence of CRC in Jeddah between 2000 and 2006 mirrors the recent trend in KSA. This highlights the magnitude of this healthcare hazard, not only in Jeddah, but also across the country and supports the need for preventive measures and early detection of the disease.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.933-945
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• 2008

The genetic association test on age of onset trait aims to detect the putative gene by means of linear rank tests for a significant trend of onset distributions with genotypes. However, due to the selective sampling of recruiting subjects with ages less than a pre-specified limit, the genotype groups are subject to substantially different censored distributions and thus this is one reason for the low efficiencies in the linear rank tests. In testing the equality of two survival distributions, log-rank statistic is preferred to the Wilcoxon statistic, when censored observations are nonignorable. Therefore, for more then two groups, we propose a generalized log-rank test for trend as a genetic association test. Monte Carlo studies are conducted to investigate the performances of the test statistics examined in this paper.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.14 no.1 s.36
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• pp.29-41
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• 2006

Geostatistical data are obtained only at selected sites even though they are potentially available at any location In a continuous surface. Therefore it is necessary to estimate the unknown values at unsampled locations based on observations. In this study we compared the accuracy of 5 spatial interpolation methods: local trend surface, IDW, RBF, ordinary kriging, universal kriging. These interpolation methods were applied to annual rainfall data. As the results of validation tests, universal kriging with gaussian variogram model showed the best accuracy in comparison with other interpolation methods. In the case of kriging, the predicted values were more accurate and within a more narrow range than other methods. In contrast with kriging, local trend surface analysis, IDW and RBF showed the wide range of predicted values and abrupt changes between neighbors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.143-145
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 터널조명 시스템에 대한 국제적 동향을 알아보기 위해 일본과 유럽의 터널조명 시스템에 대하여 자료를 수집하였다. 이러한 자료를 근거로 Lightscape 시뮬레이션 프로그램과 경제성 평가도구 WEELS를 이용하여 터널의 기본부를 조명하는 광원의 종류, 주간과 야간, 터널 설계속도 그리고 기구배열 방법에 따라 터널조명시스템에 대한 비교평가 연구를 진행하였다.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.354-366
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• 2002

This study is a case study on the analysis of technological informations and patents in Electric Vehicle(EV). It first discusses technological trend, and second patents trends in comparison with major countries such as USA, Japan, Europe and Korea. Technological activities in EV are increasing year after year in the world. The focuses are concentrated in battery and recharging technology.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.30-38
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• 2008

The trend of constructing skyscraper has arisen to the offistel and apartment complex due to the lack of exploitable land and urbanization. But, the phenomenon of the multi-story buildings is different from the regular building because of the possibility of mass disaster in fire. Therefore, Analyzing and comparing our actual condition and Japanese, It is going to be suggested that the introduction of fire escape ladder for residents in emergency.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.462-467
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• 2003

According to the computerization of railway signalling system, necessity of communication protocol for interface between these equipments is increasing. Therefore the research on communication protocol structure that is required according to computerization trend of these signalling goes. In our research the existed protocol currently used was analyzed, and the simulation modeling for performance analysis is deduced. Based on this simulation model the performance analysis and comparison is carried out, and also validation test is executed about new suggested protocol.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.163-178
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• 2010

A service composition has received much interest to provide users with the ad-hoc, seamless, and context-sensitive services dynamically composed from various networked services in context-aware computing environments. In this paper, with the purpose of guiding trends in the researches for dynamic service composition technologies, we investigate and analyze the major related works. For this, we separate semantic based composition from syntax based composition and then establish the comparison criteria by dividing the service composition processes into 3 steps：definition, construction, and execution.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.1318-1320
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• 2003

According to the computerization of railway signalling system, necessity of communication protocol for interface between these equipments is increasing. Therefore the research on communication protocol structure that is required according to computerization trend of these signalling goes. In our research the existed protocol currently used was analyzed, and the simulation modeling for performance analysis is deduced. Based on this simulation model the performance analysis and comparison is carried out, and also validation test is executed about new designed protocol.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.79-111
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• 2017

This study is a trend analysis study that discusses the current status and directions of research methods of KAP research. The existing trend ana lysis studies dealing with research methods have problems in that the classification criteria of the studies used are rough and different from each other, rendering comparison between studies being difficult, and do not comprehensively cover research methods of diversified KAP research. Therefore, this study examined the research methods of KAP research from a critical point of view and suggested a set of classification criteria and an analysis framework that can be used consistently in classification and analysis of future KAP research methods. Based on the theoretical background of second language studies and applied linguistics, this study revised and supplemented Brown (2015)'s research method types and selected 289 journals and theses/dissertations from 2012 to 2016 and classified them into a new analysis framework. The primary and secondary studies, which are the major categories, were 219 and 70, respectively, so it was confirmed that there were much more primary studies. The primary studies then were subdivided into 128 qualitative research studies, 142 survey research studies, and 23 quantitative research studies, pointing to the trend that survey and qualitative research methods were preferred. In the qualitative research approaches, there were 21 action research studies, which were used the most. In addition, such qualitative research approaches as case studies and narrative inquiries which were difficult to find in the past, have gradually increased, confirming that the diversification of research methods is becoming common. However, there were still many studies that did not explicitly put forward research questions and there were many studies that did not report reliability and effect sizes in quantitative research. Of the 23 quantitative studies, only 50% reported reliability, and only three reported effect sizes. In order to enable systematic reviews (meta-analysis) of quantitative research and expect quality improvement of research in future KAP research, reporting of quantitative research should be done more systematically. This study is meaningful in that a systematic and detailed analysis framework was proposed to classify various research methods in the future and that the problems and directions for improvement of the KAP research methods were discussed through the analysis of the research trend of the KAP studies for the last 5 years.