• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.341-351
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• 2009

유틸리티 패턴 마이닝은 데이터 항목에 대한 다른 가중치를 고려할 수 있는 장점으로 인하여 비즈니스 데이터를 분석하는 환경에서 효율적으로 이용되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 빈발 패턴(Frequent Pattern) 마이닝에서의 Apriori 규칙을 그대로 적용하기 어려운 문제점으로 인하여 패턴 마이닝의 성능이 현저하게 떨어지고 있다. 본 연구는 Prefix-tree를 이용하여 지속적으로 증가하는 비즈니스 트랜잭션 데이터베이스에 대한 유틸리티 패턴 마이닝을 효과적으로 수행하기 위한 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 Prefix-tree의 각 항목 노드에 유틸리티 값을 저장하여 FP-Growth 알고리즘에서와 같이 트리의 상향 탐색을 통하여 높은 유틸리티 패턴을 빠르게 찾아낸다. 여러 형태의 실험을 통하여 이용할 수 있는 세가지 다른 Prefix-tree 구조들 간의 성능적 특징과 패턴 탐색의 방법들을 비교하였으며 실험 결과에 따라 제안하는 기법이 기존의 기법들에 비해 많은 성능 향상을 가져올 수 있는 것을 입증하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

낸드 플래시는 기존의 하드디스크와 다르게 지움 연산이 필요하고 제자리 갱신이 불가능한 특성을 가지고 있어 플래시 전환 계층(FTL: Flash Translation Layer)을 사용한다. 하지만 플래시 전환 계층을 이용하는 방법은 사상 테이블의 사용에 따른 메모리 소비량이 많은 단점이 있어서 최근에는 사상 테이블을 사용하지 않는 색인 구조에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 이러한 연구들은 사상 테이블을 사용하지 않는 시스템에서 발생되고 있는 업데이트 파생문제를 해결하여야 한다. 논문에서는 이러한 업데이트 파생문제를 효과적으로 해결하고자 CL-트리(Cache List Tree)라 명명된 새로운 색인 구조를 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 메모리상에 쓰기 연산이 이루어진 노드들의 주소를 다중 리스트로 이루어진 CL-트리에 저장함으로써, 추가적인 쓰기 연산을 줄일 뿐만 아니라 자주 접근되는 노드에 대하여 빠르게 접근할 수 있기 때문에 탐색 측면에서도 뛰어난 성능을 보인다. 성능평가 결과 제안하는 CL-트리 구조는 작업 수행 속도에서 기존의 B+ 트리와 주요 관련 연구에 비해 삽입 속도는 최대 173%, 탐색 속도는 179% 향상되었음을 보였다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2021

Background and objective: Urban street trees play an important role in carbon reduction in cities where greenspace is scarce. There are ongoing studies on carbon reduction by street trees. However, information on the carbon reduction capacity of street trees based on field surveys is still limited. This study aimed to quantify carbon uptake and storage by urban street trees and suggest a method to improve planting of trees in order to increase their carbon reduction capacity. Methods: The cities selected were Sejong, Chungju, and Jeonju among cities without research on carbon reduction, considering the regional distribution in Korea. In the cities, 155 sample sites were selected using systematic sampling to conduct a field survey on street environments and planting structures. The surveyed data included tree species, diameter at breast height (DBH), diameter at root collar (DRC), height, crown width, and vertical structures. The carbon uptake and storage per tree were calculated using the quantification models developed for the urban trees of each species. Results: The average carbon uptake and storage of street trees were approximately 7.2 ± 0.6 kg/tree/yr and 87.1 ± 10.2 kg/tree, respectively. The key factors determining carbon uptake and storage were tree size, vertical structure, the composition of tree species, and growth conditions. The annual total carbon uptake and storage were approximately 1,135.8 tons and 22,737.8 tons, respectively. The total carbon uptake was about the same amount as carbon emitted by 2,272 vehicles a year. Conclusion: This study has significance in providing the basic unit to quantify carbon uptake and storage of street trees based on field surveys. To improve the carbon reduction capacity of street trees, it is necessary to consider planning strategies such as securing and extending available grounds and spaces for high-density street trees with a multi-layered structure.

• 산업공학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.408-419
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• 2011

R&D is a foundation for new business chance and productivity improvement leading to enormous expense and a long-term multi-step process. During the R&D process, decision-makers are confused due to the various future uncertainties that influence economic and technical success of the R&D projects. For these reasons, several decision-making models for R&D project investment have been suggested; they are based on traditional methods such as Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), Decision Tree Analysis (DTA) and Real Option Analysis (ROA) or some fusion forms of the traditional methods. However, almost of the models have constraints in practical use owing to limits on application, procedural complexity and incomplete reflection of the uncertainties. In this study, to make the constraints minimized, we propose a new model named Real Option Decision Tree Model which is a conceptual combination form of ROA and DTA. With this model, it is possible for the decision-makers to simulate the project value applying the uncertainties onto the decision making nodes.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.121-135
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• 1994

The Purpose of this study was to obtain data about management of the landscape plants and facility in APT. complex. Because of be completed 2 years ago, landscape plants ware damaged by transplantation and lost the nature tree shape. As well, the management conditions of plants and facility were wholly bad. In details, tree-species consisted of 52 species arbors and 35 species shrubs in APT. complex. The high rank 5 species were planted as main plants. The rates were 45.6-62.8% in arbors and 81.8-97.0% in shrubs. In the degree of tree shape and damage by diseuse and pest, the bad level of 1-2points were ranked highly as 13.9% and 10.4%. In the degree of tree shape and damage by disease and pest, the bad level of 1-2points were showed as 5.1% and 4.7%. In the interview Survey, the main problems of management-maintenance were expressed deficiency of budget, specialist and concern of residents. In the future, methods for the intensive management of APT. complex; First, the management of landscape plants and facility should be attained by a expert and need to establishment of maintenance scheme thoroughly. Above all, for improvement of residential life, we should be lead to convert of a resident recognition in the management -maintenance of exterior space.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2014

As subsea production has been revived up, the demand of subsea equipment has also been increased. Among the equipment, subsea tree plays a major role in safety. The tubing hanger is one of the most important components in subsea tree. In this study structural reliability analysis on dual bore tubing hanger of subsea tree is performed. The target reliability which is introduced in ISO regulation is used for judging whether tubing hanger is safe or not. The considered loads are working pressure, working temperature and suspended tubing weight. Thermal-stress analysis on tubing hanger is performed and kriging model is created based on the results of FEM analysis. According to von Mises criterion, limit state equation can be estimated. Reliability analysis is performed by using level 2 method and the result is verified by that of Monte Carlo Simulation. For finding most probable failure point, enhanced HL-RF method is adopted. Because the reliability of model doesn't reach target reliability, an improvement measure should be considered. Thus, it is suggested to change the material of tubing hanger main body to AISI 4140.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2017

This paper represents a novel framework for multi-scale image fusion. Multi-scale Kalman Smoothing (MKS) algorithm with quad-tree structure can provide a powerful multi-resolution image fusion scheme by employing Markov property. In general, such approach provides outstanding image fusion performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency, however, quad-tree based method is often limited to be applied in certain applications due to its stair-like covariance structure, resulting in unrealistic blocky artifacts at the fusion result where finest scale data are void or missed. To mitigate this structural artifact, in this paper, a new scheme of multi-scale fusion framework is proposed. By employing Super Resolution (SR) technique on MKS algorithm, fine resolved measurement is generated and blended through the tree structure such that missed detail information at data missing region in fine scale image is properly inferred and the blocky artifact can be successfully suppressed at fusion result. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides significantly improved fusion results in the senses of both Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) performance and visual improvement over conventional MKS algorithm.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2011

We carried out cationization of Dak pulp (paper mulberry bast fiber pulp) which is raw material of Hanji (Traditional Korean Paper) using a (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride to improve dyeability during a dyeing of Hanji with Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) and smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria). Fiber specific charge densities were determined using polyelectrolyte titration method and K/S values of dyed Hanji was calculated by Kubelka-Munk equation. As the result, fiber specific charge density increased with degree of cationization. Colors of Hanji dyed with Gardenia did not vary significantly with degree of cationization, but cationized Hanji dyed with smoke tree showed a large increase of a* value and reddish yellow color. After-mordanting did not decrease K/S value of dyes with cationized Hanji. K/S values of dyed Hanji decreased with increasing dyeing temperature. For smoke tree, the cationization impair lightfastness of dyed Hanji without mordant. After-mordanting with copper acetate or iron chloride improved lightfastness of dyed Hanji.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회 논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2006

TPR*-트리는 효과적으로 이동 객체의 미래 위치 예측을 수행하기 위하여 가장 널리 사용되는 인덱스 구조이다. 그러나 TPR*-트리는 인덱스 생성 이후 미래 예측 시점이 증가함에 따라 사장 영역과 영역중복의 문제가 커지며, 이로 인하여 질의 처리 시 액세스되는 TPR*-트리 노드들의 수가 많아지는 성능 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 실험을 통하여 이러한 성능 저하의 문제점을 정량적으로 규명한다. 먼저, 미래 예측 시점이 증가함에 따라 질의 처리 성능이 얼마나 저하되는가를 보이고, 이동 객체의 위치 갱신 연산이 이러한 성능 저하 문제를 얼마나 완화시키는가를 보인다. 이러한 공헌은 TPR*-트리의 추가적인 성능 개선을 위한 정책을 고안하는데, 중요한 실마리를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.137-149
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• 1995

점차 중요성이 증가하고 있는 지리 정보 시스템의 효율적인 검색을 위해서는 공간 인덱스가 필요하다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 기존에 개발한 지리 정보 시스템을 위한 데이타 관리기인GOOD 1.0에 공간 인덱스를 처리할 수 있는 공간 인덱스 처리 모듈을 추가하여 GOOD 2.0을 설계 및 구현한다. 즉, 공간 인덱스로는 R tree 및 R* tree를 지원하여 효율적인 검색이 가능하도록 한다. 그리고, 효율성의 향상 정도를 측정하기 위해 성능 평가를 길시하고 결과를 분석한다. 성능 평가 시에는 다양한 환경 요소들을 고려하여 지리 정보 시스템 관리자가 해당 도메인에 적합한 공간 인덱스를 선택하는데 기초 자료로서 사용될 수 있도록 한다.