• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.204-208
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• 2013

The ant fauna in Mt. Gariwangsan was composed of 39 species 24 genera 5 subfamilies. The collected ants in Mt. Gariwangsan were Subfamily Myrmicinae(16 species 11 genera), Subfamily Formicinae(15 species 5 genera), Subfamily Ponerinae(6 species 4 genera), Subfamily Amblyoponinae(1 species 1 genera), and Subfamily Dolichoderrinae(1 species 1 genera). Ant fauna by vegetation in Mt. Gariwangsan, 36 species 23 genera were collected in broadleaf tree areas in which Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Tilia amurensis, and Cornus controversa were dominant species. Paratrechina flavipes and Myrmica kotokui were dominant species. 13 species 12 genera were collected only in broadleaf tree areas. In the coniferous tree areas where Pinus densiflora, Pinus korainensis, and Larix kaempferi were dominant, 24 species 15 genera of ants in total were collected. Pachycondyla chinensis and Paratrechina flavipes were dominant species. 4 species 3 genera were collected only in the coniferous tree areas. Paratrechina flavipes was dominant even in the areas in which Camponotus japonicas and Formica japonica had been assumed to be dominant. Specifically, the higher the land was, the rarer Ponerinae and Dolichoderinae were observed. The common species observed in both areas were 20 species 13 genera. Of these ants, Paratrechina flavipes(Subfamily Formicinae) and Myrmica kotokui(Subfamily Myrmicinae) were distinctive ants. With regard to the current state of colony of these species, Paratrechina flavipes was dominant in lowland areas. Myrmica kotokui, on the other hand, was dominant in highland areas.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2005

This study was conducted to reveal tree species preference and inter-specific difference of foraging behavior among four canopy-dwelling birds at forest dominated by Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudosieboldian and Carpinus cordata at 1,000 meters above sea level during breeding season of birds from 1995 to 1997 in Mt. Jumbongsan. Breeding birds were about 25 species and dominant birds were Erithacus cyane, Parus ater and Parus palustris. A relatively high number of bush-nesters can be a characteristic of breeding bird community at study area. Three gleaners (Tits, P. varius, P. palustris and P. ater) selectively preferred the trees irrespective of dominant tree species, whereas bark foragers (Nuthatch, Sitta europaea) utilized the dominant trees. The four birds showed significant inter-specific difference in use of foraging location, but the three tits did not show significant inter-specific difference in use of foraging maneuver and trees. Closely related tits may coexist with each other by inter-specific different use of foraging location determined by foliage structure and leaf arrangement.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.210-226
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• 2024

Old-growth mixed-conifer forests in Bhutan are characterized by remarkable tree species compositional heterogeneity. However, our knowledge of tree species assemblages and their structural attributes in these forests has been limited. Therefore, forest classification has been reliant on a single dominant species. This study aimed to distinguish tree species assemblages in an old-growth mixed conifer forest in Western Bhutan and to describe their natural compositional and stand structural characteristics. Furthermore, the regeneration status of species was investigated and the quantity and quality of accumulated coarse woody debris were assessed. Ninety simple random sampling plots were surveyed in the study site between 3,000 and 3,600 meters above sea level. Tree, standing deadwood, regeneration, and coarse woody debris data were collected. Seven tree species assemblages were distinguished by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Indicator Species Analysis, representing five previously undescribed tree species associations with unique set of consistent species. Principal Component Analysis revealed two transitional pathways of species dominance along an altitudinal gradient, highly determined by relative topographic position. The level of stand stratification varied within a very wide range, corresponding to physiognomic composition. Rotated-sigmoid and negative exponential diameter distributions were formed by overstorey species with modal, and understorey species with negative exponential distribution. Overstorey dominant species showed extreme nurse log dependence during regeneration, which supports the formation of their modal distribution by an early natural selection process. This allows the coexistence of overstorey and understorey dominant species, increasing the sensitivity of these primary ecosystems to forest management.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2018

Wood decay fungi were collected in 47 different locations in eight provinces of South Korea from 2011 to 2013. One thousand and five hundreds three fruiting bodies of wood-decay fungi were collected, identified, and classified into 2 phyla, 7 classes, 19 orders, 56 families, 159 genera and 365 species. The most dominant genus and species found were Trametes and T. versicolor. The highest species diversity was found in broad-leaved forest (273 species), and was also found at elevations of 500-1,000 m (227 species). A total of 333 species were collected from broad-leaved trees, 87 species from coniferous trees, and 55 species were collected from both forest types. Gymnopilus liquiritiae was the most dominant species in coniferous trees, while T. versicolor, which was mostly collected from tree trunks below 500 m in elevation, was dominant in broad-leaved trees. Results from the quantitative cluster analysis of wood decay fungi showed that the highest species diversity index was 1.80 in the mixed forests, while the highest similarity among forest types was shown between the broad-leaved and mixed forests.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 2016

Urban greenery is an important component of urban environment and is fast gaining prominence especially in the developing countries. The destruction of urban trees has resulted to the degradation of the environment, thus the introduction of green Kumasi project by Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly, Ashanti Region of Ghana. The composition and diversity of urban trees gives rise to adequate management and monitoring, thus an inventory of urban trees of the Metropolis was conducted to document complete information on its density, diversity, composition and distribution. A total tree population of 1,101 was enumerated in the principal roads of the Metropolis. The ten most encountered tree species accounted for 61.04% of all the individual tree populations with Mangifera indica being dominant. The dominant families: Fabaceae, Moraceae and Arecaceae constitute 38.57% of the tree population. Diversity of the tree species was very high. The minimum diversity criteria were met on analysis of the diversity of this population. The proportion of exotic species was high with 65.71% of the trees belonging to the introduced species. It is recommended that greater emphasis should be placed on the planting of indigenous trees in future tree planting exercise.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

This paper concerned the application of improvement in Vivo of Traditional Method for determination of nitrate reductase (NR) activity of leaves to dominant tree species in five forest communities of northern aspect of Changbai Mountain. The results indicated that the NR activity of tree species was related to shade tolerance, and the intolerant tree species had higher NR activity. The NR of a species was also related to the vertical structure and ecological site condition. The tree species, which have higher NR activities should be selected for fast growing and high yield tree species.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2021

This study aims to classify the plant communities of the Gudam wetland, a riparian wetland in Nakdong River basin, and to identify the characteristics of the communities according to the veritical structure to prepare management plan. In the Gudam wetland, a total of 19 plant communities were found through physiognomical vegetation, and were analyzed by dividing into tree dominant community, shrub dominant community, and herbaceous dominant community according to the vertical structure. When examining the results of the community characteristics analysis, the species diversity index was the highest in the tree dominant communities but there was concern about a decrease in species diversity due to the influx of exotic plants such as Sicyos angulatus. The shrub dominant community tended to have a biased species diversity index on shrub plants. The herbaceous dominant communities ware divided into wetland herbaceous communities and dryland herbaceous communities according to the species diversity index, and measures were needed to reduce the species diversity index due to artificial disturbances. The importance value was the highest in the arboreal Salix genus in the tree dominant communities, and the exotic plants such as Amorpha fruticosa were the highest in the shrub dominant communities. In the herbaceous dominant communities, wetland herbaceous plants such as Phragmites japonicus were high. As a result of the analysis according to ordination the tree dominant communities and shrub dominant communities were differentiated by exotic plant factors, and the herbaceous dominant communities were differentiated by hierarchy number and slope.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.65-68
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• 1999

In December-January of 1996-1997 and 1997-1998, information was gathered about vertical distribution of foraging sites of tits in 34 flocks in coniferous and deciduous forests. There was a significant effect of forest type on the distribution of foraging sites of each species. Habitat was classified into 5 height layers vertically: ground, bushes (usually＜1.5 m, up to 3 m), tree layer 1 (up to 1/3 of tree height), tree layer 2 (1/3-2/3 tree height). and tree layer 3 (＞2/3 tree height). There were differences among species: great tit (Parus major) foraged mostly on the ground, coal tit (P. ater) and long-tailed tit (Acrocephalus caudatus) - on the highest tree layer, marsh tit (P. palustris) was often seen on bushes, and varied tit (P. varius) - in tree layer 2. Smaller species used upper and outer parts of trees. suggesting that, like in most other similar studies. larger dominant species prevented smaller species from using inner parts of trees.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2010

Stand structure and spatial associations of the dominant tree species in Quercus mongolica stands were investigated to understand interspecific relationships and the persistent dominance of Q. mongolica. We examined the species composition, DBH (diameter at breast height) distribution, and spatial distribution of trees (${\geq}\;2.5\;cm$ DBH) in two permanent $100\;m\;{\times}\;100\;m$ plots in Q. mongolica-dominant stands on the western part of Mt. Jiri. Ripley's K-function was used to characterize the spatial patterns and associations of dominant tree species. Q. mongolica showed a continuous and reverse-J shaped DBH distribution with clumped spatial distribution in both study sites. Q. mongolica and Abies koreana exhibited a negative association implying potential interspecific competition. The positive spatial association between Q. mongolica and Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica and Fraxinus sieboldiana were affected by site characteristics: limited habitat conditions with a large proportion of rock surface. Our results suggest that interactions among species were complex and ranged from positive to negative. Differences in stand and site characteristics and regeneration mechanisms among the species play an important role in regulating their spatial distribution patterns, while competition between individuals also contributes to spatial patterning of these communities. The high density and the early developmental stage of spatial distribution and structural characteristics of Q. mongolica and the relatively low importance values of other species in the stands imply that Q. mongolica will remain dominant in the study sites in the near future.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 2016

Study was conducted to investigate tree diversity and its population and regeneration status in homegardens of upper Assam, Northeast India through field study by quadrat method. A total of 154 tree species have been recorded from 135 studied homegardens under 109 genera 53 families. Most of these species (79%) are indigenous to our country, while the rest (21%) arealiens (naturalized and cultivated exotics) by origin. Tree species richness per homegarden varies greatly in different homegardens and is ranged from 5 to 52 tree species with a mean of 22 ($SE{\pm}0.58$). A. malaccensis is the most dominant tree species in the studied homegardens contributed 34% of the total tree density of the documented trees. The tree density is much higher with 4,259 individuals $ha^{-1}$ but, basal area ($36.32m^2ha^{-1}$) is very less. Based on the number of individuals present, very rare species is accounted for 10%, rare species 39%, common species 19%, dominants 14% and predominant species 18% in the present study. The population density of 154 tree species is 4,259 (individuals $ha^{-1}$) for adults (>3.18 cm DBH), 5,902 (individuals $ha^{-1}$) for saplings and 38,164 (individuals $ha^{-1}$) for seedlings. The density of seedlings>saplings>adults represents good regeneration status of tree species in studied homegardens. The population structure study showed that about 8% tree species have good regeneration status, 9% have fair regeneration status, 48% have poor regeneration status and 34% tree species have no regeneration. Study suggests that research and development action is needed to stimulate regeneration of those tree species which having high importance value indices but showing poor or no regeneration. Based on present observation, it can be conclude that homegarden can emerge as an effective means for both economic well-being and biodiversity conservation in upper Assam, Northeast India.