• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.02a
• /
• pp.618-622
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we suggest new music composition algorithm based on fractal theory. User can define and control fractal shape by setting an initial state and production rules in L-System. We generate an asymmetric fractal tree based on L-System and probability. Then a music is generated by the fractal tree image using sonification techniques. We introduce two composition algorithm using the fractal tree. First, monophonic music can be generated by mapping x and y axis to velocity and pitch, respectively Second, harmonic music also can be generated by mapping x and y axis to time and pitch, respectively Using our composition algorithm, user can easily generate a music which has repeated pattern created by recursive feature of fractal, and a music which has structure similar to fractal tree image.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 1995

Seral changes in floristic composition during abandoned field succession after shifting cultivation was investigated in eastern Kangwon-Do, Korea. According to the DCA ordination based on the floristic composition, sere of the dominant species was shown as follows: Digitaria sanguinalis, Persicaria spp., Commelina communis etc. in the annual stage (0∼1 years); Erigeron spp., Artemisia spp., Rubus crataegus etc. in the Erigeron-Artemisia stage (2∼6 years); Pinus densiflora, Salix spp., Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta etc. in the shrub - earlier tree stage (10∼25 years); P. densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Spodiopogon sibiricus etc. in the mid-tree stage (25∼50 years); Q. mongolica, Tripterigium regelii, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Carex siderosticta etc. in the latter tree stage (50∼80 years). In mid-tree stage, size-frequency distribution of P. densiflora was plotted as a platycurtic curve and that of Q. mongolica as a reverse J-shaped curve, which meant P. densiflora was thinned through interspecific competition and Q. mongolica was regenerated by itself in the later tree stage.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to categorize the types of design composition and analyse the characteristics of patterns expressed in persian carpets. For this study, 188 works of Persian carpets were selected out in the book "Carpet & Rug" and contents in the internet sites of www. carpetwordwide.net/, www.jafarnet.com/. The types of design composition expressed in Persian carpets were classified into the following categories. 1) Medallion design composition 2) Mihrab design composition 3) All over design composition 4) Vase design composition 5) Garden design composition 6) Moharamat design composition 7) Painting design composition 8) Tree of Life design composition 9) Plant Pattern design composition 10) Mosaic pattern design composition. Patterns expressed in Persian carpets were Mosk pattern, Tree of life pattern, Lotus pattern being related to their religion and Hunting picture patterns related to their real life. In particular, various patterns of beautiful flowers, plants, trees, animals such as birds, insects and stream, beauriful landscapes were expressed in Persian carpets.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.192-201
• /
• 2015

Information on plant diversity and community structure are required to chalk out necessary actions for conservation management. The present study assessed the composition and diversity of tree species in Kamalachari Natural Forest of Chittagong South Forest Division, Bangladesh, during April 2010 to November 2011. A total of 107 tree species belonging to 72 genera and 37 families were recorded, where Moraceae family was represented by maximum (11) species. Density, Basal area and volume of tree species were $418{\pm}20.09stem/ha$, $21.10{\pm}2.62m^2/ha$ and $417.4{\pm}79.8m^3/ha$ respectively. Diameter and height class distribution of tree species revealed an almost reverse J-shaped curve. Both the number of species and percentage of tree individuals were maximum in the lower DBH and height ranges. Anthropogenic disturbances like illegal tree cutting, over extraction, settlement inside forest area etc. were noticed during the study, which are supposed to cause gradual decrease of both tree species and individuals in the higher DBH and height classes. However, Artocarpus chama was found dominant showing maximum IVI followed by Schima wallichii, Aporosa wallichii, and Lithocarpus acuminata. The quantitative structure of the tree species of Kamalachari natural forest is comparable to other tree species rich tropical natural forests. The findings of the study may help in monitoring future plant population changes of the identified species and adopting species specific conservation programs in Kamalachari natural forest.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.367-376
• /
• 2016

Urban greenery is an important component of urban environment and is fast gaining prominence especially in the developing countries. The destruction of urban trees has resulted to the degradation of the environment, thus the introduction of green Kumasi project by Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly, Ashanti Region of Ghana. The composition and diversity of urban trees gives rise to adequate management and monitoring, thus an inventory of urban trees of the Metropolis was conducted to document complete information on its density, diversity, composition and distribution. A total tree population of 1,101 was enumerated in the principal roads of the Metropolis. The ten most encountered tree species accounted for 61.04% of all the individual tree populations with Mangifera indica being dominant. The dominant families: Fabaceae, Moraceae and Arecaceae constitute 38.57% of the tree population. Diversity of the tree species was very high. The minimum diversity criteria were met on analysis of the diversity of this population. The proportion of exotic species was high with 65.71% of the trees belonging to the introduced species. It is recommended that greater emphasis should be placed on the planting of indigenous trees in future tree planting exercise.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.159-172
• /
• 2019

Madhupur National Park (MNP) is one of the last remaining patches of old-growth natural Sal forest left in Bangladesh where the forest is tropical moist deciduous type. A study was revealed to assess the tree species diversity and composition in this area. For determining tree species the study was conducted through extensive random quadrat survey methods with $20m{\times}20m$ sized plots. Results of the study indicated that there were 139 tree species belonging to 100 genera and 40 families. The quadrat survey assessed the basal area, stem density, diversity indices and importance value index of the tree species having ${\geq}5cm$ D.B.H (Diameter at Brest Height). The basal area and stem density of the tree species were $20.689{\pm}1.08m^2/ha$ and $1412.93{\pm}64.27stem\;ha^{-1}$ while, diversity indices, i.e. Shannon-Wiener's diversity, Simpson's evenness, Margalef's species richness and Pielou's dominance indices indicated poor diversity in comparison to that of other PAs (Protected Areas) in South-Eastern region of Bangladesh. The structural composition based on height and D.B.H through reverse-J shaped curve indicated higher regeneration and recruitment but removal of trees of large growth classes. Sal (Shorea robusta) was the most dominant tree species that accounts 75% of the total tree individuals in the natural forest patches. However, some associates of Sal, i.e. Bhutum (Hymenodictyon orixensis), Gadila (Careya arborea), and Kusum (Schleichera oleosa) etc. were seemed to be rare in MNP.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.89-100
• /
• 2010

Let g = (V, E, ${\mu}$) be a weighted directed tree, where V is a vertex set, E is an edge set, and ${\mu}$ is ${\sigma}$-finite measure on V. The tree g induces a composition operator C on the Hilbert space $l^2$(V). Hand-type directed trees are defined and characterized the weak hyponormalities of such C in this note. Also some additional related properties are discussed. In addition, some examples related to directed hand-type trees are provided to separate classes of weak-hyponormal operators.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 1998

For the comparison of the urushiol composition and biological acitivity between the fresh sap and fire distilled sap of lacquer tree(Rhus vernicifera), we analysed the urushiol composition by HPLC and EI-MS, and investigated the antioxidative , antimicrobial and anticancer acitivities according to solvent fractionations. There was no difference in the urushiol composition between fresh and fire distilled saps of lacquer tree. The hexane frqctionsof two saps showed a strong DPPH radical scaverging activity (RC50 : 7.0-7.5$\mu\textrm{g}$). They also showed a strong antifungal activity onthe spore germination of Cladosporium herbarum(MIC : 8$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml), whereas they have no or low activity against the bacteria(BAcillus subtilis , Escherichia coli). In addition , hexane and butanol fractions of two saps showed a strong inhibitory activity against cultured tumour cell lines (GI50 : 0.35, 12.29$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) in vitro. These results confirm that the fresh sap and fire distilled sap might have the similar urushiol compositions and biological activities.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2012

There is little information about appropriate greenspace structures to satisfy aesthetic function in Korea. The purpose of this study was to analyze Korean's aesthetic preferences for greenspace structures concerned with urban tree plantings of an areal type to explore desirable greenspace landscapes. The study considered 5 structural variables of greenspace which were species composition, tree density, tree size, vertical and horizontal structure, and tree layout pattern. A photo-questionnaire was prepared through color simulations of different landscape types for each structural variable. Preference responses of an interval-scale rating from 214 respondents were statistically analyzed between landscape types and between respondent groups. Respondents preferred greenspace landscapes with diverse tree species to single species, higher tree density to lower density, larger trees to many smaller trees, multilayered and grouped plantings to single-layered and sparse plantings, and informal pattern to formal pattern. These preferences tended to be relatively higher for educated specialist and student groups than for other generalist group. Thus, multilayered and dense plantings in natural pattern including larger trees of diverse species, which are similar to ecological plantings, are recommended to increase aesthetic function of greenspace.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.11 no.5 s.43
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2006

This paper presents a query processing model in a wrapper based on the XML view tree. The query processing in a wrapper requires view composition, query translation into local sources, and generation of XML documents from local query results. We present a query processing model based on the view tree, where the XML views and the XML query is represented by the view tree. Since the view tree keeps the structure of a virtual XML document, it is easy to navigate the path expression. The view tree is also used as a template for schema generation and XML document generation as a query result. Moreover this conceptual uniform abstraction for the XML view and the user query makes it easy to support a multi-level XML view and to implement our composition mechanism.