• 노동경제논집
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.119-139
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• 2011

이 논문은 사업체-근로자 연결패널 자료(establishment-worker matched panel data)를 이용하여 정규직과 비정규직의 임금 격차를 추정한다. 사업체-근로자 연결패널 자료의 특성을 활용하면 관찰되지 않는 근로자 특성과 사업체 특성 모두를 통제한 임금격차의 추정이 가능하다. 연결 자료의 구조를 반영한 고정효과 모형(fixed effect model)의 추정 결과에 의하면 정규직과 비정규직 사이의 임금 격차를 6.5~8.4%이다. 이는 OLS로 추정된 임금격차의 30~40% 수준이다. 따라서 횡단면 분석에서 발견되는 정규직과 비정규직의 임금격차의 상당 부분은 근로자와 사업체의 관찰되지 않은 특성에 의해 설명될 수 있다.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.161-172
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• 2014

This paper presents three different search engines for the detection of CAD-parts in large databases. The analysis of the contained information is performed by the export of the data that is stored in the structure trees of the CAD-models. A preparation program generates one XML-file for every model, which in addition to including the data of the structure tree, also owns certain physical properties of each part. The first search engine is specializes in the discovery of standard parts, like screws or washers. The second program uses certain user input as search parameters, and therefore has the ability to perform personalized queries. The third one compares one given reference part with all parts in the database, and locates files that are identical, or similar to, the reference part. All approaches run automatically, and have the analysis of the structure tree in common. Files constructed with CATIA V5, and search engines written with Python have been used for the implementation. The paper also includes a short comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of each program, as well as a performance test.

• 정보기술과데이타베이스저널
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2000

As XML emerging as the Internet electronic document language standard of the next generation, the number of XML documents which contain vast amount of Information is increasing substantially through the transformation of existing documents to XML documents or the appearance of new XML documents. Consequently, XML document retrieval system becomes extremely essential for searching through a large quantity of XML documents that are storied in and managed by DBMS. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of BADA-IV/XML query processor that supports content-based, structure-based and attribute-based retrieval. We design XML query language based upon XQL (XML Query Language) of W3C and tightly-coupled with OQL (a query language for object-oriented database). XML document is stored and maintained in BADA-IV, which is an object-oriented database management system developed by ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) The storage data model is based on DOM (Document Object Model), therefore the retrieval of XML documents is executed basically using DOM tree traversal. We improve the search performance using Node ID which represents node's hierarchy information in an XML document. Assuming that DOW tree is a complete k-ary tree, we show that Node ID technique is superior to DOM tree traversal from the viewpoint of node fetch counts.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
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• pp.2330-2332
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• 1998

This paper suggests a method to recognize the various defect patterns of cold mill strip using binary decision tree automatically constructed by genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm and K-means algorithm were used to select a subset of the suitable features at each node in binary decision tree. The feature subset with maximum fitness is chosen and the patterns are classified into two classes by a linear decision boundary. This process was repeated at each node until all the patterns are classified into individual classes. The final recognizer is accomplished by neural network learning of a set of standard patterns at each node. Binary decision tree classifier was applied to the recognition of the defect patterns of cold mill strip and the experimental results were given to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.614-630
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• 2023

Dead trees significantly impact forest production and the ecological environment and pose constraints to the sustainable development of forests. A lightweight YOLOv4 dead tree detection algorithm based on unmanned aerial vehicle images is proposed to address current limitations in dead tree detection that rely mainly on inefficient, unsafe and easy-to-miss manual inspections. An improved logarithmic transformation method was developed in data pre-processing to display tree features in the shadows. For the model structure, the original CSPDarkNet-53 backbone feature extraction network was replaced by MobileNetV3. Some of the standard convolutional blocks in the original extraction network were replaced by depthwise separable convolution blocks. The new ReLU6 activation function replaced the original LeakyReLU activation function to make the network more robust for low-precision computations. The K-means++ clustering method was also integrated to generate anchor boxes that are more suitable for the dataset. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm achieved an accuracy of 97.33%, higher than other methods. The detection speed of the proposed approach is higher than that of YOLOv4, improving the efficiency and accuracy of the detection process.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제106권2호
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• pp.249-257
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• 2017

본 연구는 국가산림자원조사에 의해 수집한 소나무의 연륜생장 목편자료에 근거하여 연륜생장과 기후인자와의 관계를 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 먼저 소나무의 연도별 생장패턴을 분석하기 위해 제5차 국가산림자원조사에서 수집된 1951년부터 2010년까지 60년 동안의 연륜생장 자료를 정리하였다. 또한 소나무가 분포하는 시군을 대상으로 일별 평균기온과 강수량의 기상정보에 근거하여 연도별 생장도일과 표준강수지수를 산출하였다. 이 정보를 이용하여 기후조건이 소나무의 연륜생장에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 연도별 온도효과지수와 강수효과지수를 추정하였으며, 이들 변수를 독립변수로 하는 소나무의 연륜생장 추정식을 개발하였다. 마지막으로 이 추정식을 기후변화 시나리오 RCP 4.5와 RCP 8.5에 적용함으로써 기후변화가 소나무의 연륜생장에 미치는 영향을 예측하였다. 기후변화 시나리오를 적용하여 2011년부터 2100년까지 90년 동안의 연륜생장 변화를 예측한 결과 시간이 경과하면서 연륜생장이 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. RCP 4.5 시나리오를 적용하면 상대적으로 생장감소가 적은 반면, RCP 8.5를 적용하면 2050년 이후에는 큰 폭으로 연륜생장이 감소하는 것으로 예측되었다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 소나무의 지역별 생장특성의 추정뿐만 아니라 기후변화에 따른 생장패턴의 변화 예측에 필요한 유용한 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생태학회 2008년도 추계 학술대회
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• pp.106-109
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• 2008

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2011

조경공사 표준품셈은 표준적이고 보편적인 공종과 공법들로 구성되어 있다. 그러나 최근 조경분야는 건설기술의 발전과 공사품질의 고급화가 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 현행 조경공사 표준품셈으로는 이러한 변화에 대응하기에는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 조경공사 표준품셈의 발전방안을 제시하는 것이 중요하다고 판단하여 우선 개정들이 필요한 품셈 공종을 파악하였다. 개정이 필요한 공종을 파악하기 위하여 문헌고찰과 예비설문조사를 통하여 설문 항목을 선정하였으며, 선정된 항목들은 조경 분야 전문가 60명으로부터 응답을 받아 통계처리 하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조경공사 표준품셈에 대한 활용도는 식재공종의 품셈이 가장 높았다. 둘째, 신규로 추가될 필요가 있는 공종으로는 정지공사, 조경 구조물공사, 포장공사, 수경시설공사, 옥외 시설물공사들로 파악되었다. 셋째, 조경공사 품셈공종 분야에서는 설문응답자들의 66.7%가 개정이 필요하다고 응답하였고, 개정이 필요한 품셈 공종으로는 식재 공종에서는 대형수목, 조형수목, 수목가식, 수목하자 등으로 파악되었다. 굴취공종에서는 대형수목, 조형수목 등으로 파악되었다. 유지관리공종에서는 전정폐기물 처리 품셈, 정원석 쌓기 및 놓기 공종에서는 돌틈 식재 품셈, 떼붙임 및 초류파종 공종에서는 현실적인 잔디규격의 품셈을 필요로 한다고 응답하였다. 연구의 결과들을 바탕으로 조경공사 표준품셈의 발전방안을 제시하면, 조경 식물의 규격과 조경공사 품질에 대한 공종별 세부 품셈과 조경공사 품질에 영향을 미치는 품셈분야의 개정이 필요하다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.33-47
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to find method to meet the greater retailer's supplier assessment requirement So, this study analyze the greater retailer's requirement for supplier assesment and research global standard which is used instead of supplier assessment requirement that is recognized by global retailers initiative. Next, this study analyze domestic aquaculture certification requirement and compare the global standard with the domestic requirement by using The Most Similar Systems Design. As a result, this comparing has founded all of two domestic certifications are similar to global standard's Good Aquaculture Practice module but those are a little bit different from System Element module. Therefore, this study suggest tree alternative. First, make up for the weak points in the current domestic aquaculture certification system. Second, the introduction of global aquaculture management system certification as supporting by government. Third, development of new standard in accordance with global food standard. This study has major implications for research into development of domestic aquaculture standard.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.43-61
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to verify the usefulness of kinetic House- Tree- Person drawing as a diagnostic measure for the degree of self-differentiation, which is an essential part of college students' development. Participants for the study were four hundred thirty five(272 male and 163 female) university freshmen enrolled in 4-year colleges located in Pusan. The Participants completed a scale of self-differentiation and a Kinetic House- Tree-Person drawings test. The evaluation system for kinetic House-Tree-Person drawings was established based on the indexes of Buck(1948) and Bums(1972) and used exiting literatures as reference. The data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe's test. The results obtained from the study are as follows: First, the mean level of college students' self-differentiation was 2.81, which is about average. Some significant gender differences were found in the areas of self-intergration, family projection, and emotional separation. Male students scored higher on self-intergration, whereas female students score higher on family projection and emotional separation. Second. self-differentiation was higher when the student drew a house with smoke coming out of the chimney, a single-story house with flat roof, or with detailed description of curtains, roof and roof tiles. Third, self-differentiation seemed to be higher when branches and fruits were included, when there was no expression of roots, when large crowns and branch openings were presented, and when no slant lines or base lines appeared. Forth, self-differentiation showed ㅁ higher level when the portrait shows eyes, mouth and neck without omission, when it included the whole body instead of face only, and when there was no person with just a profile, a back, or with a stiff posture, and when there was no weak and thin lines. Individuality also marked higher if a person was in motion and than one person was added. Finally, self-differentiation showed significant difference according to the overall harmony of the drawing, ordering of contents, hand pressure, the kind and shape of tree, and presence of other persons. The more harmonious the picture was, and the more family members are added, the higher the level of self-differentiation was.